三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子A1基因多态性R219K与冠心病及血脂的相关性

目的:探讨ATP结合盒转运子A1基因(ABCA1)R219K多态性与冠心病及血脂的关系,为动脉粥样硬化性心血管病的防治提供科学依据。方法:研究对象包括109例健康人对照组、141例冠心病患者(CHD组)。采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法,分析ABCA1基因R219K多态性。结果:冠心病组血清HDL-C水平明显低于对照组,而TG水平明显高于对照组。冠心病组ABCA1基因,R219K多态性K等位基因频率明显低于对照组,且其K等位基因携带者(RK基因型+KK基因型)血清HDL-C水平明显高于RR基因型,而TG水平明显低于RR基因型。K等位基因与冠心病的患病风险相关,OR=0.55,95%CI:0.33～0.92。结论:ABCA1基因,R219K多态性极大的影响了血清HDL-C和TG的水平,且其基因型分布冠心病组与正常对照组有显著差异,K等位基因可能是冠心病的保护因素。     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1基因R219K多态性与冠心病相关性的荟萃分析

目的研究中国人群ATP结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)基因R219K多态性与冠心病的相关性。方法计算机检索CBM、CNKI、万方数据库、VIP及Medline、PubMed等数据库,收集中国人群ABCA1基因R219K多态性与冠心病相关性的病例对照研究,检索时间从建库(CBM:1978;CNKI 1994;万方数据库:1989年;VIP:1989年;Medline:1966年;PubMed:2000年)至2012年2月。在评价纳入研究质量并提取有效数据后,用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入13个文献,冠心病2363例,对照人群2328例。K等位基因较R等位基因(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.60～0.71,P<0.01)、携带RK+KK较RR基因型(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.53～0.68,P<0.01)、RK较RR基因型(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.59～0.76,P<0.01)、KK较RR基因型(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.38～0.53,P<0.01)人群发生冠心病的风险更低。结论中国人群ABCA1基因R219K多态性与冠心病的发生、发展有一定关联,而ABCA1的K等位基因是冠心病的保护因素。     

冠心病患者ATP结合盒转运子1基因R219K变异的研究

目的 探讨ATP结合盒转运子1基因(ATP-binding cassette transporter 1,ABCA1)R219K变异与我国冠心病发病风险的关系。方法 采用病例-对照研究,对236例冠心病患者和251例正常对照组进行研究。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法测定ABCA1基因多态性。结果 在中国湖南汉族人群ABCA1R219K变异的三种基因型中,RK型发生频率最高,RR型次之,KK型发生频率最低。冠心病组中KK基因型频率(12.3％)明显低于对照组(19.1％)(P<0.05)。KK基因型的HDL-C水平明显高于RR型(P<0.05),KK型甘油三酯水平虽然低于RR型,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析冠心病患者中KK基因型的OR值为0.559(95％ CI 0.322～0.972,P=0.039)。结论 ATP结合盒转运子1基因R219K变异KK型产生有益的临床血脂谱,可能是冠心病患者的低危遗传标记。     

ABCA1基因多态性与冠心病易感性的关联研究

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子A1（ATP binding cassette transporter1,ABCA1）基因R219K及M883I单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与脂代谢和冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）易感性的关系。方法以医院为基础的病例-对照研究。经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病病例224例,同一地区正常对照248例。分别以PCR-RFLP和PIRA-PCR对ABCA1第219密码子G→A（Arg219Lys）和第883G→A（Met883Ile）密码子多态进行检测,比较不同基因型与个体血脂水平和冠心病患病风险的关系。结果吸烟、高血压和高血糖是冠心病的独立危险因素。与携带219RR基因型者比较,携带至少1个219K等位基因者（即RK和KK基因型）冠心病患病风险显著降低59％（OR = 0．41,95％ CI = 0．27～0．61）。而在883位点,II基因型携带者患冠心病率较低（OR = 0．54,95％ CI = 0．26～1．11）。而两位点联合作用分析发现与携带219RR,883MM或883MI基因型者相比较,携带其他组合基因型的个体冠心病患病风险降低61％（OR = 0．39,95％ CI = 0．26～0．60）。另外,对照组中携带219K等位基因者血清HDL-C水平显著高于219K非携带者（P = 0．037）,提示Arg219Lys位点的多态改变主要通过改变HDL-C水平影响个体冠心病的患病风险。结论ABCA1 R219K可能与中国汉族人群冠心病遗传易感性有关,血清高密度脂蛋白可能是其作用靶点。     

蒙古族ATP结合盒转运子A1基因R219K多态性与冠心病的相关性

目的探讨ATP结合盒转运子A1基因(ATP binding cassette transporter 1,ABCA1)R219K多态性在内蒙古地区蒙古族人群中的分布及其与冠心病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制片段长度多态性方法检测115名蒙古族冠心病患者和对照组ABCA1基因相应片段的多态性。结果两组基因型频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。内蒙古地区蒙古族人群中ABCA1基因R219K多态性位点存在RR、RK、KK三种基因型,对照组的KK基因型的频率显著高于CHD组(32.7% vs 16.7%,P<0.05)。KK基因型的OR值为0.411(95% CI0.17~0.99)。结论 ABCA1基因R219K多态性与内蒙古地区蒙古族人群冠心病的遗传易感性相关,其中基因型KK可能是冠心病的保护因子。     

不同种族冠心病患者ABCA1基因R219K SNPs的分布及其相关性

目的探讨不同种族(蒙古族与汉族)冠心病患者ABCA1基因R219K单核苷酸多态性的分布情况及其相关性。方法选取2013年5月至2015年1月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的冠心病患者153例。收集患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟、疾病史及冠心病家族史等一般资料,以及相关生化检查指标,包括TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C等。并采用聚合酶链反应-限制片段长度多态性方法检测ABCA1基因R219K的各基因型。组间计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验,基因多态性与种族关系采用logistic回归分析。结果 153例冠心病患者中蒙古族62例,汉族91例。两族冠心病患者一般资料中仅性别、BMI的差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.220、t=2.057,均P <0.05),ABCA1基因R219K多态性位点RR、RK、KK基因型和R、K等位基频率的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.071、7.298,P <0.05/0.01)。在显性模型中,与汉族冠心病患者相比,蒙古族冠心病患者ABCA1基因R219K多态性位点RR基因型在校正其他因素前后均是冠心病发生的危险因素(校正前:OR=2.641,95%CI=1.340～5.201,P <0.01;校正后:OR=2.443,95%CI=1.172～5.093,P <0.05)。结论蒙古族人群和汉族人群中ABCA1基因R219K多态性位点RR、RK、KK基因型和R、K等位基因分布存在差异,蒙古族人群较汉族人群更易患冠心病。     

中国汉族人群ATP结合盒转运子A1基因R219K多态性与冠心病关联研究的荟瘁分析

目的综合评价ATP结合盒转运子A1(ABCA1)基因R219K多态性在中国汉族人群冠心病发病中的作用。方法通过文献检索收集2012年5月以前完成或发表的中国汉族人群ABCAl基因R219K多态性与冠心病相关性的病例对照研究,剔除不符合要求的文献,Egger’s检验定量评价入选文献的偏倚,并根据各入选文献结果的同质性检验结果进行数据合并,计算总OR值,Meta分析采用Stata11.0统计软件。结果共12篇文献符合条件纳入研究,包括2257例患者和2356例对照人群,入选文献无明显偏倚。Meta分析结果显示ABCA1基因R219K位点(KK+RK)/RR基因型频率的合并OR值为0.66(95%CI为0.55～0.80,P<0.0001);KK/(RK+RR)基因型频率的合并OR值为0.63(95%CI为0.53～0.75,P<0.0001)。结论 ABCAl基因R219K多态性与中国汉族人群冠心病易感性相关,K等位基因减低了冠心病发病风险。     

ABCA1 R219K、-565 C/T基因多态性与早发冠心病的相关性研究

目的 通过分析ABCA1基因多态性（R219K、-565 C/T）与血脂水平及炎症介质等临床指标的关系，明确其对早发冠心病发病风险的影响。方法 收集本院心内科2020年5月～12月住院的120例早发冠心病患者为pCAD组；同时期88名本院体检中心的冠脉正常者为对照组，采用PCR-RFLP方法检测全血ABCA1(R219K、-565 C/T)基因多态性分型。结果 与对照组相比，pCAD组219KK+RK基因型（P<0.01）、K等位基因（P<0.05）以及-565C等位基因（P<0.05）含量降低，而219R等位基因、-565CT+TT基因型及T等位基因频率较高（均P<0.05）。219 RK+KK基因型患者血浆HDL-C水平高于RR型患者（P<0.05），而TC、TG、LDL-C、ABCA1含量及炎症介质在不同基因型组间均无统计学差异。Logistic回归分析显示，与219RR基因型比较，KK及RK基因型的个体发生pCAD的风险分别降低70.7%(P<0.01)和62.1%(P<0.05)，而ABCA1-565C/T不同基因型对pCAD发生风险...     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1基因多态性与辛伐他汀调脂的关系

目的：研究三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）基因R219K多态性对血脂水平及辛伐他汀调脂治疗的影响。方法：原发性高脂血症患者80例,给予辛伐他汀20mg／d,治疗8周,治疗前后测定患者血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）浓度,治疗期间进行不良反应的监测。使用TaqMan荧光探针技术测定患者ABCA1基因R219K多态性。根据不同的基因型分组,比较不同基因型之间血脂水平变化的差异。进而判定不同基因型对血脂水平及辛伐他汀疗效的影响。结果：ABCA1 R219K基因存在三种基因型,即RR、RK和KK基因型。辛伐他汀治疗前RR基因型和RK基因型HDL—C水平明显低于KK基因型（P〈0．05）。辛伐他汀治疗8周后,三种基因型TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较前降低,HDL—C水平均较前升高;治疗后RR及RK基因型HDL—C水平仍低于KK型（P〈O．05）;但TC、TG、LDL—C和HDL—C水平的变化在不同基因型组之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：ABCA1基因R219K单核苷酸多态性可影响HDL—C水平,K等位基因与高HDL-C水平相关,但与辛伐他汀治疗的个体差异性无关。     

新疆维吾尔族ATP结合盒转运子A1基因R219K多态性与冠心病的关系

目的：探讨ATP结合盒转运子A1基因（ATP binding cassette transporter1,ABCA1）R219K多态性在新疆维吾尔族人群中的分布及其与冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法：采用病例对照研究。用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR～RFLP）方法测定ABCA1基因多态性。结果：新疆维吾尔族ABCA1基因的多态性位点存在RR、RK、KK型三种基因型。冠心病组KK型基因频率、K等位基因频率低于对照组（P〈0．05～〈0．01）。K等位基因与冠心病的患病风险呈负相关．OR值为0．640（95％CI0．459-0．893）,该等位基因可能为冠心病的保护因素。K等位基因携带者的高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）水平高于RR基因型（P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示．性别、血清总胆固醇、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病为研究对象发生冠心病的独立危险因素。结论：研究显示K等位基因可能通过作用于血脂间接影响新疆维吾尔族冠心病的患病风险．但不是其免于发生冠心病的独立保护因素。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.