冠心病及克山病患者血管紧张素转换酶活性变化观察

目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）活性变化在冠心病（CHD）及克山病（KSD）诊断和病情判断中的价值。方法 选择住院冠心病患者34例,克山病病区的克山病患者39例,健康人32例作为对照。用紫外分光光度法测定ACE活性。结果 冠心病及克山病患者ACE活性明显低（P＜0．01）于健康人。冠心病患者的ACE活性急性心梗＜心绞痛＜陈旧性心梗,在克山病是慢型＜潜在型。ACE活性降低可能与血管缺血缺氧有关。结论 ACE活性变化可作为冠心病及克山病诊断和病情判断的参考指标。     

慢型、潜在型克山病患者的血管内皮功能观察

目的观察山东省慢型、潜在型克山病患者的临床特点和血管内皮功能,探讨机体内皮功能失调与克山病发生发展的关系。方法选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人、病区健康人34人,分别采集清晨空腹血检测ET、NO、NOS、iNOS及cNOS含量及活性。结果(1)克山病患者ET水平明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);心功能越差,ET升高越明显(P<0.01);(2)NO和NOS含量,潜在型、慢型克山病均明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);慢型高于潜在型(P<0.01);iN-OS含量克山病患者也高于病区健康人(P<0.05);慢型克山病高于潜在型克山病(P<0.05)。结论ET、NO水平的变化可能作为一种中间环节参与了克山病的发病机制;心功能不同,血浆ET、NO升高的程度也不同;ET、NO可作为克山病病情严重程度的预测指标。     

克山病患者血清细胞间粘附分子1的变化及与柯萨奇B组病毒感染的关系

目的 探讨克山病患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子1（sICAM-1）的水平变化及与柯萨奇B组病毒（Coxsackievirus B，CVB）感染的关系。方法 利用酶联免疫吸附法及间接酶联免疫吸附法分别测定22例慢型克山病患者、27例潜在型克山病患者、28例健康对照者血清中sICAM-1和CVB—IgM特异性抗体。结果 潜在型、慢型克山病患者血清中sICAM-1水平均明显高于健康对照者（q值分别为9．00、18、75，P〈0．01），慢型高于潜在型（q=10．15，P〈0．01）。慢型克山病患者心功能越差，血清中sICAM-1水平越高；克山病患者组CVB—IgM阳性率显著高于健康对照组（χ^2=5．13，P〈0．05）；克山病CVB—IgM（＋）患者血清sICAM-1水平显著高于CVB—IgM（-）患者（t=2．87，P〈0．01）。结论 sICAM-1在克山病的发生与发展中起重要作用，其升高可能与柯萨奇B组病毒感染有关：sICAM-1水平可作为评价慢型克山病患者心功能程度的重要指标。     

攀枝花市慢型与潜在型克山病患者多普勒超声检查分析

目的探讨攀枝花市慢型与潜在型克山病患者采用多普勒超声检查的效果。方法选取攀枝花市慢型克山病患者35例与潜在型克山病患者35例,分别作为慢型克山病组和潜在型克山病组;并且选择同期接受体检的健康人群35例作为对照组。对比三组心功能各项指标以及心电图超声情况。结果对照组LVM、LVMI、LVEF、Tei指数与潜在型克山病组、慢型克山病组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用多普勒彩色超声诊断慢性克山病和潜在型克山病需结合多项指标综合判断,从而提高鉴别诊断的准确率。     

慢型克山病血管内皮功能与抗氧化功能变化观察

目的 观察慢型克山病患者血管内皮功能与抗氧化功能变化，探讨在克山病发生发展中的作用。方法 选择慢型克山病39例，并以病区30例健康人作对照，取空腹静脉血，测定血浆内皮素（ET）、血清一氧化氮（NO）含量、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS、iNOS和cNOS）活性，超氧化物岐化酶（RBC SOD）及红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（RBC GSH—Px）活性及脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量。结果 克山病患者ET及NO含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），心衰越重升高越明显（P〈0．01）。NOS、iNOS和cNOS活性明显高于对照组（P〈0．001），NOS和iNOS活性与ET及NO相一致（P〈0．05）。克山病患者RBC GSH—Px及RBCSOD活性比对照组明显降低（P〈0．01），慢Ⅱ组低于慢Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P〈0．01）；LPO含量比对照组明显升高（P〈0．01），GSH—Px／LPO及SOD／LPO比值变小（P〈0．01）。结论 克山病血管内皮功能与抗氧化功能降低．这种改变在克山病心肌损伤发生发展中具有重要意义。     

2017年吉林省克山病病情监测结果分析

目的掌握吉林省克山病病情现状和消长趋势,科学评估防控效果,有针对性的提出防治措施。方法按照《全国克山病监测方案》要求,在吉林省选取蛟河市、通化县、汪清县、伊通县、东丰县、靖宇县6个病区县开展此次病情监测,对全部监测对象进行临床检查和描记心电图,对疑似病人及历史患者进行心脏超声检查。结果此次监测共检诊4974人,检出慢型克山病4例(含2例新检出患者),潜在型克山病47例(含3例新检出患者)。监测点现有慢型及潜在型克山病患者分别为22例、73例。3个病区县潜在型克山病检出率没有达到消除标准。结论吉林省克山病病情处于平稳低发状态,但仍有新病例检出,说明该病依然是应该高度重视的地方性公共卫生问题,还应继续加强对克山病的防控与监测工作。     

克山病患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平的变化及其临床意义

目的评价不同类型克山病患者血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）水平的变化及临床意义。方法采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法测定25例慢型克山病患者、22例潜在型克山病患者、20例健康对照者血浆BNP浓度,并行超声心动图测定不同类型患者的心脏结构和功能。比较不同组浓度的差异以及各组水平间的相关性。结果慢型克山病患者血浆BNP水平明显高于潜在型克山病患者及健康对照组（P<0.01）,潜在型克山病患者血浆BNP水平明显高于健康对照组（P<0.01）;慢型克山病患者左室舒张末内径、左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率与其他两组比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）,而潜在型克山病患者与对健康照组比较无显著性差异;血浆BNP水平与左室舒张末内径呈正相关（r=0.76,P<0.01）,与左室射血分数和短轴缩短率均呈负相关（r=-0.50和r=-0.53,P<0.01）。结论不同类型克山病患者血浆BNP水平均明显增高,并与心功能恶化程度呈正相关,BNP水平对克山病患者心功能不全早期诊断和预后评估具有重要意义。     

克山病患者的临床特点及血管内皮功能

目的观察山东省慢型、潜在型克山病患者的临床特点和血管内皮功能,探讨机体内皮功能失调与克山病发生发展的关系。方法选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人分别进行心电图、X线胸片、超声心动图等检查,并采集克山病患者和病区健康人血浆,分别检测内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型NOS(iNOS)及结构型NOS(cNOS)含量。结果①慢型克山病患者X线下100%都有心脏增大,且以重度增大多见;90.9%有心电图异常改变,且往往几种异常同时并存;心脏超声示心功能明显降低。潜在型克山病心脏轻度增大者多见,而且心电图往往只有一种改变。②克山病患者ET水平明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01),心功能越差,ET升高越明显(P<0.01)。③NO、NOS及iNOS,克山病患者明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01),且慢型克山病患者高于潜在型克山病患者。结论ET、NO水平的变化可能作为一种中间环节参与了克山病的发病机制;心功能不同,血浆ET、NO升高的程度也不同;ET、NO可作为克山病病情严重程度的预测指标。     

慢型克山病患者肝胆肾及下腔静脉内径B超观察

慢型克山病患者肝胆肾及下腔静脉内径Ｂ超观察关承华，金立德，邓晶，黄佳蕊克山病是一种病因未明的地方性心肌病，我省患者现以慢型和潜在型居多。慢型克山病（慢克）在临床上多表现为慢性充心性心力衰竭，中晚期患者多为全心衰竭［１］。我们应用日型超声于１９８９．６...     

慢型克山病心衰发生发展机制的研究进展

克山病（Keshan disease，KD）是发生于我国病因不明的一种地方性心肌病，临床上主要分为急型、亚急型、慢型和潜在型。经过我国克山病防治工作者多年来的努力，目前急型、亚急型克山病已经很少发生。潜在型克山病心功能代偿良好，一般无明显自觉症状。慢型克山病临床主要表现为心脏扩大及不同程度心力衰竭，病死率高，预后差，是目前主要临床类型。改善慢型克山病患者临床症状，提高其生存质量，延长生存时间，是现阶段克山病防治的主要任务。近年来，随着血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）在慢型克山病心衰治疗中的广泛应用，国内报道慢型克山病的预后已有较大改观，但对其治疗仍然维持在改善症状、预防并发症和阻止或延缓病情进展、提高生存率。之所以如此，主要是因为慢型克山病的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明，揭示慢型克山病心衰发生发展机制可为其临床治疗提供一定理论基础。     

Periodontal disease and systemic disease

Periodontal diseases are now recognized as bacterial infections among the chronic diseases of humans. The influence of the oral environment on systemic health, especially the periodontium, has long been supported by scientific evidence. However, an evidence base for the influence of periodontal disease on vital organs such as heart, lung has only recently begun to be established. We are hopeful that this information will stimulate new collaborations between physicians and dentist and serve as basis for studies to help improve the total health.     

Buerger's disease and coronary disease

The authors report the case of a 33 year old man with distal occlusive arterial disease diagnosed as Buerger's disease, with two previous transient ischaemic attacks and coronary disease resulting in myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed narrowing of the second segment of the left anterior descending artery, occluded distally and not suitable for revascularisation. The observation of coronary artery disease is very rare in Buerger's disease and data of coronary angiography are very sparse in this context. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and the angiographic appearances of the left anterior descending artery raise the question of coronary involvement of Buerger's disease.     

Lung disease in Niemann-Pick disease

BACKGROUND: Lung involvement in children with Niemann-Pick disease has rarely been studied systematically. OBJECTIVE: To assess the involvement of the lung and the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with Niemann-Pick diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patient records. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients, with type A (n = 1), type B (n = 10), and type C (n = 2) Niemann-Pick disease, aged 2 months to 9 years at diagnosis, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Lung involvement was assessed by clinical evaluation, chest radiograph, lung computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were present at diagnosis in 10 patients and developed during follow up in the three other patients. All patients showed signs of interstitial lung disease on chest X-ray and lung CT scan. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis (n = 7) revealed a marked accumulation of foamy macrophages (Niemann-Pick cells) in all patients. At follow up, one patient died of respiratory failure, five patients required long term oxygen therapy and seven other patients presented a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6) or chronic cough (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Lung disease was observed in all the patients included in the present study. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be useful in Niemann-Pick diseases by showing the presence of characteristic Niemann-Pick cells.     

Cardiovascular disease and subsequent kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, it is uncertain if CVD is a risk factor for progression or development of kidney disease. METHODS: Individual patient data were pooled from 2 longitudinal, community-based, limited-access studies, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Cardiovascular Health Study. Baseline CVD was defined by stroke, angina, claudication, transient ischemic attack, coronary angioplasty or bypass, and recognized or silent myocardial infarction. Study outcomes included kidney function decline, defined by an increase in serum creatinine level of at least 0.4 mg/dL (>or=35.4 micromol/L), and development of kidney disease, defined by an increase in serum creatinine level of at least 0.4 mg/dL (>or=35.4 micromol/L) in which the baseline serum creatinine level was less than 1.4 mg/dL (<123.8 micromol/L) in men and less than 1.2 mg/dL (<106.1 micromol/L) in women and the final serum creatinine levels exceeded these levels. Secondarily, kidney function decline was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction of at least 15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), and development of kidney disease was defined by an eGFR reduction of at least 15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) in which the baseline eGFR was at least 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and the final eGFR was below these levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between CVD and outcomes. RESULTS: Among 13 826 individuals, the mean +/- SD baseline serum creatinine level was 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dL (79.6 +/- 17.7 micromol/L), and the mean +/- SD baseline eGFR was 89.8 +/- 20.1 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). In serum creatinine level-based models, 520 individuals (3.8%) experienced kidney function decline, and 314 individuals (2.3%) developed kidney disease during a mean +/- SD of 9.3 +/- 0.9 years of follow-up. Baseline CVD, present in 1787 individuals (12.9%), was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.13), an odds ratio of 1.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.32) for serum creatinine level, and odds ratios of 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.45) and 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.89) for eGFR for kidney function decline and development of kidney disease, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular disease is independently associated with kidney function decline and with the development of kidney disease.     

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and respiratory disease

Abstract An epidemiological survey showed that respiratory symptoms with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) were twice as high as those without GER symptoms. In 46 cases of unknown chronic cough or asthma, 67% had positive oesophageal pH monitoring. Of 34 patients with snoring and reflux symptoms, 16 (47.1%) were confirmed as positive for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and GER. Anti-reflux therapy significantly improved both GER and OSA.     

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and extraesophageal disease

The patient with extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease presents a clinical challenge. Symptom presentation overlaps with other otolaryngologic and pulmonary disease, and heartburn might be infrequent or absent. Endoscopy and pH monitoring are insensitive and therefore not useful in many patients as diagnostic modalities. Thus, antisecretory therapy is used as both a diagnostic trial and as therapy in the majority. Attention to optimizing therapy and judicious use of endoscopy and reflux monitoring are needed to minimize cost and maximize success.     

Adult-onset Still's disease preceding Crohn's disease

Concomitant diagnosis of Crohn's disease and juvenile or adult-onset idiopathic arthritis is rare. It is possible that both conditions share some genetic or immunological defects although sufficient data are lacking.We describe herein the first case of a patient with adult-onset Still's disease who was diagnosed on follow up with concomitant Crohn's disease.A 38-year-old man diagnosed with adult onset Still's disease from the age of 24 was admitted in our hospital because of bloody diarrhea. On admission physical examination was unremarkable and all routine laboratory tests were normal except of Hg at 11.3 gr/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 27 mm/h and C-reactive protein at 14 mg/dl.Ileocolonoscopy revealed small aphthoid ulcers in the terminal ileum and capsule endoscopy revealed the source of bleeding and small aphthoid ulcers starting from the distal jejunum up to the terminal ileum. Terminal ileum biopsies were diagnostic of Crohn's disease and patient had started on therapy with mesalamine 2 gr/day and azathioprine 2 mg/kg and is currently on multidisciplinary follow up.We review all literature on co-existence of Crohn's disease with chronic idiopathic arthritis and we discuss the possible difficulties in diagnosis and therapy of those patients also in the view of the new biological agents.