以三维有限元分析多孔钽块植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学改变

目的对比研究3种治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死方法的生物力学行为;总结最合适的钽块大小、植入位置和植入试验股骨头模型后防止塌陷的效果。方法选择健康成人右侧股骨为研究对象,经层厚2.0mm的螺旋CT扫描得各断面图象,输入计算机识别和提取股骨轮廓并行三维重建。按生理状态下股骨力载荷的三维空间分布,施加髋关节接触力1620N,外展肌合力1061N,髂胫束力1720N。对股骨头三维有限元模型进行计算,求出股骨头受力模型在3种不同处理方法下,不同直径和形状钽金属植入股骨头模型后股骨头负重区表面的塌陷值。结果髓芯减压+植骨+钽块植入组防止股骨头塌陷效果较髓芯减压+植骨组、髓芯减压+植骨+钽棒植入组有明显改善,而髓芯减压+植骨组与髓芯减压+植骨+钽棒植入组随坏死角度增大后无明显差异。结论植入钽金属块后尽可能靠近负重区关节面对股骨头予以支撑,能有效阻止和限制坏死继续进展;植骨加钽棒植入在小范围坏死时尚有一定的支撑作用,当坏死范围增大后不能增加股骨头的机械支撑力;钽金属块植入组治疗股头缺血性坏死明显优于钽金属棒植入组;钽块的最佳植入位置在股骨头负重区正下方软骨板下0～3mm。     

髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的短期疗效观察

目的探讨髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的手术方法及短期疗效。方法因非创伤性股骨头坏死的患者60例,将其随机分为研究组和对照组各30例,研究组采用髓芯扩大减压自体髂骨打压植骨结合骼金骨笼植入支撑治疗,对照组采用传统髓芯减压术治疗。对患者髋关节功能状况、塌陷情况进行比较分析。结果根据髋关节Harris评分,研究组优良率明显高于对照组研究组(0.05);研究组仅出现1例塌陷,对照组出现8例,两组比较差异显著(0.05)。结论髓芯减压植骨结合骼金骨笼置入治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死可明显改善髋关节功能,防止股骨头塌陷,疗效满意。     

髓芯减压植骨与多孔钽棒植入修复非创伤性股骨头坏死

背景：髓芯减压植骨是临床上常用的一种方法,随着对股骨头生物力学研究的深入,多孔钽棒技术也越来越多的用于保髋手术,但这两种术式在临床上疗效比较报道较少。 目的：比较髓芯减压植骨与多孔钽棒植入治疗非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。 方法：选择36例(45髋)成人股骨头缺血坏死患者,其中15例(19髋)采用髓芯减压植骨治疗,21例(26髋)采用髓芯减压多孔钽棒植入治疗。 结果及结论：植入治疗均成功,随访3~12个月,两组手术时间、出血量、住院天数比较差异均无显著性意义,治疗后Harris评分较治疗前均有明显提高(P < 0.05),治疗后12个月Harris评分,多孔钽棒植入高于植骨治疗(P < 0.05),差异显著性意义。髓芯减压与多孔钽棒植入对早期成人股骨头坏死髋关节功能改善优于髓芯减压植骨,预防了关节软骨的逐渐塌陷。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合髓芯减压植骨修复股骨头坏死

背景：单独使用髓芯减压治疗股骨头坏死,易造成股骨头凹陷和内部显微结构的崩溃,因而需要自体骨等材料进行填充支撑,而骨髓干细胞移植能使股骨头塌陷的发生率降低。 目的：观察髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的临床效果。 方法：选择2012年12月至2013年5月在沈阳医学院附属中心医院骨外四科住院的33例采用股骨头髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞注入髓腔内治疗股骨头坏死患者。 结果与结论：股骨头髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞注入髓腔内治疗股骨头坏死后患者Harris髋关节功能评分增加,疼痛消失,能从事各种劳动;X射线片或CT检查显示股骨头正常30髋,占79%;疼痛明显减轻,行走基本正常或者轻微跛行15髋,占40%;行走间距延长35髋,占92%;髋关节功能障碍明显好转24髋,占63%。提示髓芯减压植骨联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对改善股骨头缺血性坏死局部血供,促进坏死骨质吸收和骨质修复起到积极的作用。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

髓芯减压联合同种异体骨打压植骨治疗早期股骨头坏死的疗效观察

目的 探讨髓芯减压联合同种异体骨打压植骨治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法 采用随机数字表法将2016年1月~2017年6月于我院诊治的早期股骨头坏死患者40例分为两组,各20例。对照组采用多孔钽棒植入治疗,观察组行髓芯减压联合同种异体骨打压植骨治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后Harris髋关节评分及临床疗效。结果 治疗前两组患者Harris评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后观察组Harris评分优于对照组[（82.56±8.42）分 vs （74.53±7.31）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 早期股骨头坏死患者选择髓芯减压+同种异体骨打压植骨治疗效果显著,可充分改善患者髋关节功能,促使患者尽早康复,值得临床上广泛应用。     

钻孔减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨股骨头缺血坏死行钻孔减压后局部植骨灌注尿激酶的治疗效果。方法自1996～2006年,采用髓心减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺血性坏死52例(64髋),观察术后临床症状消失情况和髋关节功能并进行随访。结果术后髋部疼痛减轻明显,髋关节伸屈和内外旋转功能明显改善,无感染和骨折、血管神经损伤等并发症。平均随访29个月,采用股骨头缺血坏死疗效百分评价法判定,总优良率82.3%。结论钻孔减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺血性坏死是缓解股骨头缺血坏死临床症状的有效方法。该方法减压彻底,有利于血管长入,促进股骨头坏死区的骨修复,有效防止股骨头塌陷。     

早期股骨头坏死治疗:髓芯股方肌骨块植入优于骨浆植入

背景:单纯髓芯减治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死对软骨下骨支撑不够,增加了骨折及塌陷的风险。股方肌骨块的植入不仅可以提供很好的生物学支撑,也会增加坏死区域的再血管化,从而达到修复股骨头坏死的作用。目的:比较髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入和髓芯减压骨浆植入治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的早期临床效果。方法:选取2009年1月至2012年1月在郑州大学第一附属医院骨科进行治疗的早期股骨头坏死患者83例92髋,按治疗方法分为髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入组及髓芯减压骨浆植入组。其中髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入组37例43髋于坏死区注射自体骨转移及骨诱导活性材料,髓芯减压骨浆植入组患者46例49髋则注入骨粉。结果与结论:治疗后1年,2组患者Harris评分均比治疗前显著提高(P0.05),髓芯减压骨浆植入组患者Harris评分低于髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入组(P0.05)。治疗后3年髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入组患者X射线评分显著高于髓芯减压骨浆植入组(P0.05)。提示与髓芯减压骨浆植入相比,髓芯减压股方肌骨块植入能够更有效地防止股骨头塌陷,改善关节功能及延缓股骨头坏死进程。     

钻孔减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺恤性坏死

目的探讨股骨头缺血坏死行钻孔减压后局部植骨灌注尿激酶的治疗效果。方法自1996～2006年，采用髓心减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺血性坏死52例（64髋），观察术后临床症状消失情况和髋关节功能并进行随访。结果术后髋部疼痛减轻明显，髋关节伸屈和内外旋转功能明显改善，无感染和骨折、血管神经损伤等并发症。平均随访29个月，采用股骨头缺血坏死疗效百分评价法判定，总优良率82．3％。结论钻孔减压植骨配合局部注药治疗股骨头缺血性坏死是缓解股骨头缺血坏死临床症状的有效方法。该方法减压彻底，有利于血管长入，促进股骨头坏死区的骨修复，有效防止股骨头塌陷。     

微创髓芯减压植骨支撑治疗非塌陷性股骨头无菌性坏死的疗效观察

目的　探讨一种简便的髓芯减压和植骨治疗非塌陷性股骨头无菌性坏死的效果。 方法　对46例（58髋）Ficat Ⅱ和Ⅲ 〈A〉型股骨头无菌性坏死的治疗应用了髓芯减压、病灶刮除、松质骨植骨和自体或异体腓骨的支撑术。 结果　随访2~5年,按Harris标准其优良率为83.3%。 Harris评分由术前平均61 分增加到术后5年时的平均 85 分。 结论　髓芯减压、病灶刮除、松质骨植骨及自体或异体腓骨支撑、治疗非塌陷性股骨头无菌性坏死具有良好的疗效,可使中青年患者推迟人工关节置换年龄。     

股骨头髓芯减压骨内骨推移治疗股骨头无菌性坏死

目的探讨应用Ilizarov张力-应力法则行股骨头髓芯减压骨内骨推移微创治疗股骨头无菌性坏死的临床效果。方法 2011年10月至2014年8月山东省济宁医学院附属金乡医院收治入院的32例(36髋)股骨头无菌性坏死的患者,按Ficat期分类法分期:Ⅱ期25髋,Ⅲ期9髋,Ⅳ期2髋,分别以髓内减压病灶清理后和髓内钻孔减压在股骨大粗隆部外侧安置ZDTQ型多功能调节外固定器,从股骨大粗隆外侧沿股骨颈向股骨头坏死区置入特制松质骨钉,体外端固定在多功能调节外固定器上,以每天0.5~1.0 mm速度把股骨颈内正常松质骨向股骨头坏死区域推移直至X线片复查将塌陷股骨头顶起为止。治疗6个月后以Merled’Aubigne评法对髋关节功能进行评分。结果 32例36髋股骨头无菌性坏死经治疗,塌陷部修复再塑型均良好,患者休息3个月后可扶拐行走,3~6个月开始正常从事工作,随访5~50个月,股骨头外形好,疼痛消失,关节间隙无明显变化,功能良好。Merled’Aubigne髋关节功能评分:优:16例,良15例,中1例。结论股骨头髓芯减压骨内骨推移治疗股骨头无菌性坏死,通过组合式多功能调节外固定器持续推进植骨,不仅能顶起塌陷的股骨头,而且能加速坏死股骨头的修复,治疗效果良好。     

钽金属棒置入修复股骨头坏死的三维有限元分析

BACKGROUND: Core decompression and tantalum rod implantation after core decompression are common methods to repair early and middle stages of necrosis of femoral head, can effectively control and even reverse the progress of necrosis of the femoral head. Comparison of mechanical support and curative effect of femoral head after operation deserves further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of core decompression on mechanical pulp femoral head support by using the finite element analysis and the advantages of tantalum implant treatment in the repair of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.  METHODS: The right femur of healthy adults was chosen as the research object, and CT scanning was conducted to get the images of cross-sections. The images were then inputted into computer to get contour of femur and rebuild three-dimensional model. Distal end of femur was completely fixed, the angle of the top of femoral head and the femoral shaft was 25°, and 570 N pressure on the femoral head was applied according to the three-dimensional space distribution of femur force under physiological state. Three-dimensional finite element models were calculated to get the collapse values in different necrotic areas of the femoral head before and after different repair methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After core decompression, collapse values were apparently increased, especially in the weight-bearing area. With increased range of necrosis, collapse values also increased. After core decompression, collapse values decreased obviously after porous tantalum rod implantation. Although core decompression could remove dead bone, decompression itself further reduced the mechanical properties of the femoral head and changed the original femoral head support. On the basis of core decompression, porous tantalum rod provided safe and effective mechanical support for femoral head and subchondral bone plate, could effectively prevent collapse and provide conditions for the restoration of bone tissue.      

髓芯减压术治疗早中期成人股骨头缺血性坏死*

[摘要]对髓芯减压术治疗成人早中期股骨头缺血性坏死（avascular necrosis of femoralhead, ANFH）的方法进行综述。查阅、总结国内外学者关于髓芯减压术（core decompression, CD）治疗早中期成人股骨头缺血性坏死的研究报告，可见细通道减压创伤小，出血少，术后卧床时间短，恢复快；大孔径单通道减压术股骨头骨折风险明显增加；对早中期的ANFH的治疗，细孔径多通道髓芯减压加骨移植加骨形态发生蛋白（BMP），或者自体骨髓干细胞注入或许效果更优。在多孔细通道CD基础上进行细胞植入，自体或异体骨加BMP植入，联合应用骨髓间质干细胞（BMSCs）植入，联合应用阿托伐他汀，双磷酸盐，甚至应用动脉插管介入治疗方法注射扩血管药、溶栓药治疗ANFH；形成以多孔细通道CD为基础的多种治疗方法联合应用的综合治疗趋势；特别是在CD基础上，应用中医药治疗方法的报告也逐年增加，值得关注。     

多孔钽棒改善股骨颈骨折术后股骨头缺血性坏死患者的髋关节功能：随机对照临床试验方案

BACKGROUND:After femoral neck fracture, avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs because of insufficient blood supply to the femoral head, resulting in increased difficulty in treatment, and greatly influencing the recovery of hip joint function. Core decompression and bone grafting is a common treatment method of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. A porous tantalum rod is a bone trabecula-like metal implant that is used to support weight-bearing area of necrotic bone, prevent further collapse of the necrotic area, and thereby exhibits favorable effects in the early treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Few randomized controlled studies are reported on porous tantalum rod implantation for treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether porous tantalum rod implantation can improve the hip joint function of patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head subjected to femoral neck fracture surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled, open trial, which will be performed in the Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, China. A total of 100 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head subjected to femoral neck fracture surgery will be randomly assigned to undergo core decompression and porous tantalum rod implantation (experimental group, n=50) or only core decompression (control group, n=50). All patients will be followed up for 1 year. Primary outcome measure is the percentage of patients whose hip joint function is graded as excellent as per Harris scores 12 months after surgery in total patient number in each group, which will be used to evaluate the recovery of hip joint function. Secondary outcome measures include (1) the percentage of patients with excellent hip joint function 1 and 6 months after surgery in total patient number in each group; (2) Visual Analogue Scale spine score prior to and 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery, which will be used to evaluate the severity of pain; (3) the percentage of patients presenting with femoral head collapse, prosthesis loosening and peri-prosthesis infection 6 and 12 months after surgery, which will be used to evaluate the biocompatibility of biomaterial with host; and (4) incidence of complications 6 and 12 months after surgery, which will be used to evaluate the safety of porous tantalum rod implantation. This study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital of China (approval number: QHY1016B) and will be performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding trial procedure and treatment will be obtained from each patient.  DISCUSSION: This study is powered to validate the biocompatibility and therapeutic effects of porous tantalum rods in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture surgery, which hopes to provide a novel persuasive surgical treatment method for this disease.     

Core decompression and alendronate treatment of the osteonecrotic rat femoral head: computer‐assisted analysis

Femoral head avascular necrosis is a process leading to femoral head deformity and osteoarthritic changes in the hip joint. Alendronate slows down bone resorption and remodelling in rats, while core decompression hastens the healing processes. We evaluated the influence of daily alendronate treatment on the rat femoral head shape after surgical osteonecrosis with core decompression, compared with controls. No differences were found in shape factor and femoral head height/length ratios. It was concluded that alendronate treatment slows down the process of replacing osteonecrotic bone by new bone and prevents early immature new bone collapse resulting from early revascularization because of core decompression.     

早期股骨头缺血性坏死治疗：髓芯减压并钽棒优于并植骨

背景：单纯髓芯减压并植骨治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死对软骨下骨支撑不够,增加了骨折及塌陷的风险。钽棒的置入不仅可以提供很好的生物学支撑,也会增加坏死区域的再血管化,从而达到修复股骨头坏死的作用。目的：比较髓芯减压并植骨、髓芯减压并钽棒置入治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果。方法：纳入髓芯减压并植骨治疗ARCOⅠ/Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者24例28髋,髓芯减压并钽棒置入治疗ARCOⅠ/Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者25例29髋。随访24个月,观察治疗前后Harris评分变化及临床疗效。结果与结论：所有患者均获得随访。治疗后6个月,髓芯减压并植骨组患者Harris评分较治疗前平均提高了4.93分;髓芯减压并钽棒置入组患者Harris评分较治疗前平均提高了6.89分,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后12个月,2组患者Harris评分均有治疗前显著提高,髓芯减压并植骨组患者Harris评分低于髓芯减压并钽棒置入组(P < 0.05)。髓芯减压并钽棒置入组总的治疗优良率为83%,优于髓芯减压并植骨组的75%。治疗后24个月髓芯减压并钽棒置入组X射线评分显著高于髓芯减压并植骨组(P < 0.05)。提示与髓芯减压并植骨相比,髓芯减压并钽棒置入能够更有效地防止股骨头塌陷,改善关节功能及延缓股骨头坏死进程。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

记忆合金网球支架治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学研究

目的：对比研究单纯髓芯减压、髓芯减压＋松质骨移植、髓芯减压＋松质骨移植＋记忆合金网球植入治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学行为。方法：取新鲜人股骨头0根，模拟髓芯减压松质骨移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的方法做成髓芯减压后的状态，用MTS生物力学实验机测得每例标本在单纯减压、减压值及植骨＋网球三种状态下的力学刚度，对其结果进行统计学分析。结果：单纯髓芯减压组和髓芯减压＋松质骨移植组统计学无明显差异，髓芯减压＋松质骨移植＋记忆合金网球植入优于前两种状态。结论：镍钛记忆合金网球植入增加了股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑，降低局部应力有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建。     

骨形态发生蛋白2复合脂肪源性干细胞修复兔缺血性股骨头坏死

背景：骨形态发生蛋白2和脂肪源性干细胞都有很强的成骨能力,对于缺血性股骨头坏死的修复有重要意义。 目的：观察骨形态发生蛋白2体内复合脂肪源性干细胞成骨治疗兔股骨头缺血坏死的疗效。 方法：48只新西兰大白兔采用液氮冷冻法造模,随机分为对照组,髓芯减压组,脂肪源性干细胞组,骨形态发生蛋白2复合脂肪源性干细胞组。 结果与结论：脂肪源性干细胞组与骨形态发生蛋白2复合脂肪源性干细胞组兔股骨头坏死区域的组织修复旺盛,新生骨小梁较多且逐步强化,X射线未见明显的囊性变和股骨头塌陷发生。在8周时骨形态发生蛋白2复合脂肪源性干细胞组骨小梁及骨髓组织生长较单纯脂肪源性干细胞组更旺盛。表明骨形态发生蛋白2因子复合脂肪源性干细胞植入股骨头坏死模型后成骨较多,修复坏死区域功能较强。