A comparison of music education and music therapy majors: personality types as described by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and demographic profiles

The purpose of this study was to develop both personality and demographic profiles for students who are interested in majoring in music education or music therapy. Two primary questions were addressed in the study: (a) Are there similarities and differences in the personality types of music education and music therapy majors as measured by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI )? (b) Are there similarities and differences in demographic characteristics of music education and music therapy majors in regard to (i) principal instrument studied in college, (ii) grade point average, (iii) scholarship awards, (iv) high school participation in private study and (v) ensembles, (vi) church/community participation, and (vii) volunteerism in high school?     

某医学院校护理本科生对艾滋病相关知识认知现状调查

目的了解护理本科生对艾滋病相关知识了解情况,为学校开展相关健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查法,对某医学院校护理本科257名学生掌握艾滋病相关知识和正确使用安全套相关知识进行调查。结果257名学生在艾滋病相关知识认知方面,对AIDS的传播途径和使用安全套前查看生产日期和有效期是否必要掌握最好,对义务献血可以预防AIDS传播和性交时一次使用几个安全套是安全的掌握最差。不同年级护生对AIDS相关知识掌握情况有显著性差异(P<0.001),四年级学生对AIDS相关知识掌握情况最好,一年级学生掌握情况最差。结论护理本科学生对AIDS相关知识了解不够,学校应对护生进行系统正确的AIDS相关知识教育,着力培养学生自我保护技能。     

Moral reasoning in college students: implications for nursing education

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moral reasoning levels of undergraduate students, freshman through senior (N = 266), in a liberal arts college. Three groups of students, two liberal arts, and one nursing participated in the study. All three groups had enrolled in one of two general education curricular tracks. Two of the groups, one liberal arts and one nursing, were enrolled in a traditional general education curriculum; the third group enrolled in an integrated general education curriculum which used decision-making as an organizational structure. Moral reasoning levels were determined for the three groups via Rest's Defining Issues Test. Results revealed the liberal arts students in the integrated curriculum had significantly higher moral reasoning levels than those in the traditional curriculum. The nursing students were intermediate in moral reasoning levels to the two liberal arts groups. These results suggest that baccalaureate nursing educators should consider an approach similar to the integrated curriculum with a decision-making organizational structure to facilitate students' moral reasoning development. Regardless of their area of clinical practice, today's professional nurses are increasingly confronted with ethical dilemmas and often required to make moral/ethical decisions. Nurses who reason at a high moral or ethical level are assumed to practice by a code of moral principles and thus more likely to make decisions which value others and respect their rights and dignity (Felton & Parsons, 1987). In response to this relatively complex dimension in nursing practice, nursing educators have begun to discuss how best to prepare the nursing student to make these high-level ethical decisions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

独立学院新生心理健康状况调查

目的 探讨独立学院新生心理健康状况,为教育工作提供科学依据.方法 对河南科技学院新科学院(独立学院)2 457名新生和母体学院4 529名新生采用症状自评量表进行测评分析.结果 独立学院新生心理问题检出率显著低于母体学院(P＜0.01).独立学院新生症状自评量表除强迫、精神病性因子外的其他因子分均显著低于全国青年常模(P＜0.01),各因子分均显著低于全国大学生常模(P＜0.01),总分及各因子分显著低于母体学院新生(P＜0 01);男生症状自评量表抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子分与女生差异有显著性(P＜0 05或0.01),来自城市的新生总分及除躯体化、敌对、偏执因子以外的其他因子分均显著低于来自农村的新生(P＜0 05或0.01);不同学科新生症状自评量表总分差异无显著性(P＞0 05),焦虑、偏执因子分差异有显著性(P＜0 05),事后检验表明,文科与理工科学生抑郁、恐惧因子分差异有显著性(P＜0 05),艺术与文科、理工科学生焦虑因子分差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 独立学院新生心理健康水平较高,男女生心理问题不同,农村学生较城市学生心理问题突出,不同学科学生心理健康总体水平接近.     

Internal versus external locus of control: an analysis of music populations

This study investigated the relationship between locus of control and chosen field of music specialization. The Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale was designed to assess the construct of locus of control and reinforcement, which is defined as the perception of a connection between one's action and its consequences; the version of the scale used in this study was specifically developed and validated for use with college-aged students by Nowicki (2000). This scale was administered to four separate college-aged groups: music therapy majors, music education majors, applied music majors, and nonmusic majors who also had previous music background and were currently enrolled in a formal college music performance organization. Results indicated that there were indeed, differences among these populations with music therapy majors evidencing a significantly lower internal locus of control. Music education majors and nonmajors evidenced a greater internal level and were not significantly different from each other, yet both were significantly different from the music therapy majors. Music performance majors were also significantly lower in internal control compared to the music education and nonmusic majors, but they were not significantly different from the music therapy majors. This entire line of research has a long history and seems advisable to continue with all music populations, especially potential music therapists in order to investigate those aspects of self-perception that may help or hinder therapeutic effectiveness.     

浙江省全日制本科毕业护士自我效能感的调查分析

目的了解全日制本科毕业护士的自我效能感及其影响因素,探索提高其自我效能感的方法。方法采用一般资料问卷、一般自我效能感量表,以便利抽样法对浙江省杭州市区省市级医院385名全日制本科毕业护士进行调查。结果全日制本科毕业护士自我效能感总分为(2.46±0.47)分,处于低下水平,其医院级别、所在科室、工作年限、高中文理分科等对自我效能感均有影响(P<0.05)。结论护理院校和医院应制订相应的培养方案,提高本科护理专业学生和护士的自我效能感,最大限度地发挥他们的潜能和主观能动性,推动护理队伍的建设,从而为提供高质量的护理服务奠定人力基础。     

Death education as a liberal art

Abstract

The experience of seven years offering an interdisciplinary course in Thanatology has shown that death education, properly taught, is within the tradition of the liberal arts. It can effect the desired results of a liberal arts education, namely, mental discipline and cultural awareness, both for general undergraduates and for those in professional schools. Because of the importance of the topic in students' lives it is more successful in attaining the desired results of the liberal arts than previous methods.     

Comparison of selected college students'' and sexually transmitted disease clinic patients'' knowledge about AIDS, risk behaviours and beliefs about condom use

Selected college students and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients of the same age were compared for knowledge about AIDS, use of condoms, sexual behaviours and intentions to engage in various sexual practices. The Theory of Reasoned Action model was used to elicit beliefs about condom use and significant referents who influence condom-use decision making. Eighty-seven per cent of college students were sexually active. College students had significantly fewer sexual partners in a 30-day period than STD patients, but in a 6-month period the mean number of sexual partners was the same for both groups. Significant difference was found in frequency of condom use for subjects with more than one partner. Of the college student sample, 60% did not use condoms compared with 32% of STD patients. Eighteen per cent of college students reported intention to engage in anal intercourse. No STD patients reported such intention. No statistical difference was found between groups on overall knowledge about AIDS: both groups manifested adequate knowledge of basic AIDS-related facts. Significant differences between groups were found in rank order of beliefs about using condoms as well as those referents who influenced decision making. Beliefs about disease, pregnancy, worry and normative influences of sexual partner and friends had the strongest impact on college students. Sexual partner and mother had a strong influence on STD patients' decision making while 'disease', 'pregnancy', 'decreases feeling' and 'decreases partner's pleasure' were among the beliefs influencing condom use.     

Student perceptions of the links between nursing and the liberal arts

This article examines the extent to which nursing students are aware of the importance of liberal arts in their professional education. Based on a survey of nursing students and alumnae from a small, New York state college, the project further explored the channels through which they became aware of the significant links between these two aspects of their education. One finding is that nursing students give a relatively high weight to the importance of the liberal arts in their total learning process. The more important conclusion is that students, on the whole, believe that they have made the links between liberal arts and nursing themselves. To the extent that other agents help forge these links, the most important seem to be nursing labs and clinicals, other nursing students, and nursing texts and modules. Students perceive that nursing faculty help draw links more often than liberal arts faculty, but neither rank very high.     

Predictors of academic success and aspirations in secondary nursing education: A cross-sectional study in Croatia

BackgroundAcademic success of students in nursing education is an issue causing concern in many parts of the world because of the shortage of nurses in the labour market, versatility of the educational programs and status of the students during studies and after graduation.ObjectivesTo determine the predictors of academic success and educational aspirations of secondary nursing school students to enrol in higher education programs.Participants and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 312 students (92.6% response rate) from the Health School in Split, Croatia, enrolled in nursing program in 2015/2016. Besides sociodemographic data and grade point average (GPA), we collected data using 9 instruments: performance self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, perseverance, attitudes towards science, self-respect, motivation, dispositional hope, future time perspective, and perceived personal incompetence.ResultsIn a linear regression analysis, performance self-efficacy (β = 0.38) and future time orientation (β = 0.19) proved to be significant predictors of current GPA, explaining 20% of the variance. In logistic regression, participants' aspiration to enrol in higher education rather than get employed after secondary school graduation was predicted by higher extrinsic motivation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06 to 1.17) and higher performance self-efficacy (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.62 to 5.77); explaining approximately 26% of the variance in the results.ConclusionPerformance self-efficacy and future time orientation were the main predictors of academic success of Croatian nursing students at the secondary education level. Higher performance self-efficacy and extrinsic motivation were associated with aspirations to continue university education.     

Fostering creativity in nursing students: a blending of nursing and the arts

Integrating nursing and fine arts can evoke a more holistic view of clients as well as foster creativity in students. Presented is an overview of The Creative Project assignment that culminates with nursing students developing a creative self-expression of a clinical experience through the lens of liberal arts and nursing.     

An Online Educational Intervention to Influence Medical and Nurse Practitioner Students’ Knowledge,Self-Efficacy,and Motivation for Antepartum Depression Screening and Education

ObjectiveTo evaluate nurse practitioner and medical students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation for antepartum depression screening and education before and after an online educational intervention.DesignQuasi-experimental study design.Setting/Local ProblemThe University of South Florida, College of Nursing and College of Medicine. Historically, nursing and medical school curricula have a focus on postpartum depression. Testing nurse practitioner and medical students regarding maternal depression throughout pregnancy may give insight into curriculum preparedness.ParticipantsMedical and nurse practitioner students were recruited by convenience sampling. In total, 71 participants completed the study. There were 52 (73%) nurse practitioner students and 19 (27%) medical students.Intervention/MeasurementsParticipants used a self-directed learning activity in the form of a slide presentation on the virtual platform REDCap. Knowledge was tested before and after the intervention using the “Speak Up When You’re Down”—Postpartum Depression Awareness Campaign examination. Self-efficacy and motivation were measured before and after the intervention by using the Physician/Nurse Practitioner Student Teaching Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Physician/Nurse Practitioner Student Teaching Motivation Questionnaire.ResultsNurse practitioner and medical students exhibited a mean increase in scores for knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation. Both groups performed similarly from before to after the intervention, and student profession did not moderate the increase from before to after the intervention.ConclusionAn intervention to influence health care students' knowledge, self-efficacy, and motivation for antepartum depression screening can be included in medical and nursing curricula and can also be used with currently practicing health care providers. Doing so could possibly benefit pregnant women by enhancing the antepartum care that they receive.     

乌鲁木齐市3676名少数民族大学生艾滋病知识水平的调查分析

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市(以下简称乌市)4所高校在校少数民族大学生艾滋病相关知识情况.方法 采用多级分层整群抽样法对乌市四所综合性大学一、二、三、四年级的3676名学生进行横断面现场调查.结果 艾滋病知识整体水平偏低,知识均分为9.94分(满分22分),联系生活实际和难度较大题目的 得分较低.结论 4所大学少数民族大学生艾滋病知识贫乏,应尽快制定针对少数民族地区大学生的艾滋病健康教育计划.     

The effect of music listening on the anxiety of nursing students during their first blood draw experience

BackgroundNursing education is a process aimed both at theoretical knowledge and skill development. The Fundamentals of Nursing is a course that furnishes students with professional knowledge, concepts and technical skills, and, also, is the keystone of nursing education in our country. Students experience a great deal of anxiety as they face basic nursing practices for the first time. Studies have revealed the effectiveness of music in relieving anxiety in many patient groups. However, no previous studies were found where music was used with the intent to lower the anxiety that students experience over the course of skill learning. The experimental study is aimed at determining the effect of music in decreasing anxiety during the first nursing practices of students in a laboratory setting.MethodsThe experimental study was conducted on nursing students of Akdeniz University attending Fundamentals of Nursing, a freshman course, during the 2013–2014 academic year. A total of 73 students, of which 34 were assigned to the experimental group and 39 to the control group, participated in the study. Data collection was carried out using (a) the student identification form prepared by the authors, (b) skill control lists and (c) the Situational Anxiety Scale. The students in the experimental group listened to music during blood draw skill practice in a laboratory environment. The students were assessed with respect to their performance of blood drawing through skill control lists using the statements “True”, “False” and “Forgotten”. The anxiety levels and vital signs of students were assessed before and after the practice.ResultsThe mean age of the students was 19.08. 64.7% of the experimental group and 82.1% of the control group were female. The age group of 64.7% of the students in the experimental group was female. The age group of 82.1% of the students in the control group was female. After music listening, the mean anxiety score of the students was 38.70 ± 3.83 in the experimental group and 39.76 ± 4.72 in the control group. The difference between the mean anxiety scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The evaluation made before and after the blood draw revealed a statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure values in the experimental group that listened to music(p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that listening to music decreased the anxiety levels of nursing students during their first blood draw experience.     

Graduate student self-efficacy: Implications of a concept analysis

BackgroundNurses with graduate degrees play pivotal roles in nursing care, education, and research. Alarming trends of a nurse faculty shortage and high levels of graduate nursing student attrition highlight the need to better understand the experiences of graduate nursing students.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define the concept of self-efficacy in graduate students as it pertains to enrollment, retention, and graduation.MethodsUsing Rodgers' Evolutionary Method of concept analysis, self-efficacy was analyzed from the literature of various disciplines, including nursing.ResultsAntecedents, attributes, and consequences of self-efficacy were identified from 23 studies. Self-efficacy in graduate students is sourced by perceived, positive experiences. Its attributes are personal, malleable, goal-driven, a resource, knowledge, and trust. Graduate student self-efficacy results in productive thoughts, feelings, and actions that culminate in successful outcomes.ConclusionSelf-efficacy has been identified by researchers in other disciplines as a helpful concept for understanding why and how graduate students initiate, continue, and complete their degrees. With a dearth of research exploring nursing graduate student self-efficacy, qualitative research is needed to understand the role this concept plays in graduate nursing education. Nevertheless, the findings of this concept analysis may serve as a starting point to inform nursing graduate education practice.