超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的临床效果观察

目的 探讨超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的临床疗效.方法 抽取于2014年1月～2015年10月在我院治疗的乳腺脓肿患者患者70例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组35例,对照组采用传统切开引流术治疗,观察组采用超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗,比较两组换药次数、愈合情况等.结果 ①两组患者均全部痊愈,愈合时间、红肿消退时间、乳头乳晕感觉障碍发生情况等均无明显差异,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②观察组换药次数明显少于对照组,疼痛程度明显轻于对照组,组间差异具统计学意义(P＜0.05);③观察组继续哺乳率、复发率、遗留瘢痕情况等明显好于对照组,组间差异具统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿痛苦小,可保持乳房美观,基本不影响哺乳,值得推广应用.     

超声引导下穿刺冲洗对乳腺脓肿治疗的临床效果分析

目的:探讨超声引导下穿刺冲洗对乳腺脓肿治疗的临床效果。方法:纳入某院84例2017年5月5日～2018年8月6日乳腺脓肿患者。根据随机数字表分组,常规组采取常规引流治疗,超声引导下穿刺组则采取超声引导下穿刺冲洗治疗。比较常规组、超声引导下穿刺组疗效;换药的平均次数、切口红肿症状完全消退时间、平均切口愈合时间、疼痛程度;治疗前后患者切口炎症情况、患者疼痛感受;乳头感觉障碍、乳漏等的发生率。结果:超声引导下穿刺组疗效、换药的平均次数、切口红肿症状完全消退时间、平均切口愈合时间、疼痛程度、切口炎症情况、患者疼痛感受相比较常规组更好,P0.05;超声引导下穿刺组乳头感觉障碍、乳漏等的发生率低于常规组,P0.05。结论:超声引导下穿刺冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的效果理想。     

超声引导下穿刺冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的应用分析

目的:对乳腺脓肿在超声引导下穿刺冲洗治疗的探讨。方法:选择50例临床症状典型、超声明确诊断的乳腺脓肿病例。采用超声引导下用穿刺针进行乳腺脓肿穿刺,抽出脓液后,用0.9%氯化钠注射液或抗生素药液进行冲洗治疗。每日一次或每2～3日穿刺冲洗一次。结论:通过1～3次的穿刺冲洗治疗,脓腔明显缩小,患者自觉症状明显减轻或消失。50例乳腺脓肿患者均一期治愈。2～4周后复查,超声显像显示脓腔消失。     

超声引导下不停止哺乳穿刺治疗乳腺脓肿的初步临床疗效分析

目的观察超声引导下不停止哺乳穿刺治疗乳腺脓肿的初步临床疗效。方法 34例乳腺脓肿患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各17例。实验组患者实行超声引导下不停止哺乳穿刺治疗,对照组采用传统的外科切开引流法进行治疗。观察两组疗效。结果实验组痊愈15例,有效2例,总有效率100.0%;对照组痊愈11例,有效2例,无效4例,总有效率76.5%,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。实验组患者痊愈时间明显少。结论超声引导下不停止哺乳穿刺治疗乳腺脓肿效果显著,具有临床推广价值。     

穿刺抽吸治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者的效果探讨

目的 探究穿刺抽吸治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者的效果.方法 86例哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各43例.对照组患者给予切开引流术治疗,实验组患者给予穿刺抽吸治疗.比较两组患者治疗后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、创口脓腔愈合时间、瘢痕长度、伤口换药次数,临床疗效,并发症发生情况,疾病复发率、继续哺乳率,治疗后生...     

超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的临床效果观察

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿的临床治疗效果。方法回顾分析于我院收治的79例乳腺脓肿患者的临床资料,患者被随机分为超声引导穿刺治疗(治疗组)和手术治疗(对照组)两组。结果超声引导穿刺治疗与手术治疗乳腺脓肿的临床效果均优异,两组患者均被治愈,差异不明显(P>0.05)。但是,与传统的手术治疗,超声引导穿刺治疗具有费用低、无出血、无瘢痕、无明显疼痛等优点,深受广大患者喜爱。结论超声引导下穿刺并生理盐水冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿临床效果明显、安全、并发症少、费用低等优点,值得临床推广。     

超声引导下局部穿刺冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿疗效分析

目的 探讨超声引导下局部穿刺冲洗治疗乳腺脓肿临床疗效.方法 对我院收治的78例乳腺脓肿妇女行超声引导下局部穿刺冲洗治疗,并随机抽取行传统切开引流的75例妇女进行对照.结果 两组治疗后在疼痛缓解方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在手术、治愈时间和并发症发生率、疤痕等方面治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05),具有统计学意义.结论 B超引导下局部穿刺冲洗治疗具有痛苦小、损伤小、灵敏度高、并发症低、操作安全简便等优点,是治疗乳腺脓肿的有效方法,值得临床应用.     

超声引导穿刺及替硝唑冲洗治疗肝脓肿的临床应用

目的：探讨彩色超声实时监视引导经皮穿刺抽吸肝脓肿以及替硝唑冲洗的治疗方法和疗效。 方法：彩色超声引导下经皮穿刺对66例肝脓肿进行脓液抽吸、替硝唑脓腔冲洗治疗。 结果：66例全部穿刺成功,细菌培养阳性28例,阴性38例,66例患者经超声介入治疗1—8周后,总有效率100%(66 /66),治愈率97%(64/66),治疗次数1—5次,未发生并发症。结论：彩色超声引导下经皮穿刺治疗肝脓肿是一种简便易行、安全有效、微创的手术方法。     

超声引导下穿刺引流乳腺脓肿69例临床分析

<正>急性乳腺炎是哺乳期女性较常见的炎性疾病,未及时治疗或治疗不当,其中有5%～11%可在发病后2～3 d形成乳腺脓肿,乳腺脓肿以往传统的治疗方案是脓肿切开引流,患者术后需要频繁换药,更换引流条,患者多难以忍受痛苦,且切口愈合时间较长。我科近几年来采取在B超引导下穿刺冲洗及置管引流治疗乳腺脓肿,取得了良好效果,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:我科于2016年7月至2018年5月在B超引导下穿刺冲洗及置管引流治疗乳腺脓肿69例。患者年龄22～34岁,平均(29±4)岁。其中61例为初产妇,8例为再产妇。临床表现:发热、乳房局部红肿、疼痛,局部有波动感。实     

超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗乳腺脓肿的临床效果分析

目的 探讨超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗乳腺脓肿的临床效果.方法 选取乳腺脓肿患者36例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组18例,观察组患者在超声引导下进行穿刺置管引流治疗,对照组患者则采取传统治疗方法,经过一段时间的治疗后,评价两组患者的临床效果,对比两组患者手术创伤口的愈合时间,观察两组患者瘢痕长度以及疼痛VAS评分,统计两组患者继续哺乳的比率.结果 观察组患者的治疗有效率以及继续哺乳的比率明显高于对照组,观察组患者的切口愈合时间和瘢痕长度明显短于对照组,疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗乳腺脓肿,效果显著,能够明显提高治疗有效率,缩短切口愈合时间和瘢痕长度,减轻痛苦,值得在临床过程中推广应用.     

Placental and lactational transfer of lead in rats: a study on the lactational process and effects on offspring

 The effects of placental and lactational exposure to lead (Pb) were studied in suckling rats after long-term exposure of their dams to Pb in drinking water. Dams were given 12 mM Pb-acetate in the drinking water 8 weeks prior to mating and during gestation. One group of dams was also continuously exposed during lactation until day 15. Neonates from Pb-treated dams were cross-fostered at birth to control dams treated with Na-acetate (12 mM) in the drinking water. In the same way, neonates from dams receiving control water were in the same way cross-fostered to Pb-exposed dams. All animals were killed at day 15 of lactation, when measurements were performed. Continuous Pb exposure during gestation and lactation resulted in milk Pb levels approximately 2.5 times higher than the blood Pb levels. When Pb exposure was terminated at parturition the milk Pb levels were at a level similar to those of blood Pb at day 15 of lactation, and only 10% of the milk levels found after continuous Pb exposure. Exposure to Pb via placenta and milk in offspring from dams exposed continuously resulted in more than 6 times higher blood and brain Pb levels than in offspring exposed only via the placenta. Exposure only via milk in offspring from dams exposed to Pb until parturition resulted in higher blood Pb levels than in offspring exposed to Pb only via the placenta. This indicates that the lactational transfer after current or recent exposure of Pb in dams is considerably higher than placental transfer. Offspring in all the exposed groups had decreased ALAD activity in the blood. An exponential relationship between blood Pb levels and ALAD activity was demonstrated in the offspring. Due to the exponential decrease in ALAD activity at increasing blood Pb levels, ALAD is particularly sensitive in reflecting differences in Pb exposure within the lowest range of blood Pb levels. There was a slight effect on weight gain in the offspring. However, there was no effect on milk quality, as measured by milk lipid, protein and calcium concentrations, nor on milk production assessed by the mammary gland RNA and DNA content. This indicates that the effect on weight gain was a direct effect of Pb in the offspring. Received: 4 January 1995/Accepted: 10 March 1995     

Perfluorooctanoate: Placental and lactational transport pharmacokinetics in rats

This study was conducted to develop a quantitative understanding of the potential for gestational and lactational transfer of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in the rat. Time-mated female rats were dosed by oral gavage once daily at concentrations of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day of the ammonium salt of PFOA (APFO) starting on gestation (G) day 4 and continuing until sacrifice. On days 10, 15, and 21G, five rats per dose level were sacrificed and blood samples were collected 2h post-dose. Embryos were collected on day 10G, amniotic fluid, placentas, and embryos/fetuses were collected on days 15 and 21G, and fetal blood samples were collected on day 21G. Five rats per dose level were allowed to deliver and nurse their litters, and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-partum (PP) milk and blood samples of maternal and pup were collected 2h post-dose. All samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for PFOA concentration. Concentrations of PFOA in maternal plasma and milk attained steady state during the sampling interval. The steady-state concentrations in maternal plasma were 10-15, 25-30, and 60-75 microg/mL in rats receiving 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Steady-state concentrations in milk were approximately 10 times less than those in maternal plasma. The concentration of PFOA in fetal plasma on day 21G was approximately half the steady-state concentration in maternal plasma. The milk concentrations appeared to be generally comparable to the concentrations in pup plasma. Pup plasma concentrations decreased from day 3PP to day 7PP, and were similar on days 7, 14, and 21PP at all dose levels. PFOA was detected in placenta (days 15 and 21G), amniotic fluid (days 15 and 21G), embryo (days 10 and 15G), and fetus (day 21G). These pharmacokinetics allow estimation of the dose to developing and nursing rat offspring following maternal exposure.     

Effects of lactational administration of acrylamide on rat dams and offspring

We duplicated the study design of Husain et al. (Ind Health 1987; 25:19–28) to determine whether maternal exposure to acrylamide monomer (AM) resulted in offspring neurotoxicity. Wistar rat dams with litters (15/group) were gavaged with AM in saline at 0 or 25.0 mg/kg/d throughout lactation (pnd 0–21). Maternal feed and water consumption, body weights (BW), and Functional Observational Battery (FOB) were recorded. At weaning (pnd 21), maternal sciatic nerves were examined histologically. Male offspring were retained until pnd 91, with BW and grip strength evaluations. Dosed dams exhibited progressive toxicity, including mortality (two), severely reduced feed and water consumption, BW, and BW gain, and behavioral neurotoxicity (with no sciatic nerve pathology). Nursing offspring at 25.0 mg/kg/d exhibited increased mortality and reduced BW associated with little/no milk in stomachs. Postwean males at 25.0 mg/kg/d exhibited normal BW gain and increasing grip strength over time. Therefore, AM caused maternal toxicity; offspring effects during lactation were consistent with inanition from maternal toxicity. Postwean males exhibited recovery with no signs of AM-mediated toxicity. These results do not support the conclusions of Husain et al.     

Neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational and lactational exposure to pyrethroids in rats

Indiscriminate use of pyrethroids has raised serious health related concerns, especially about their effects on children. The present study was designed to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of two pyrethroids; bifenthrin (BIF) and β‐cyfluthrin (CYF) administered at 1/15 of LD₅₀ in rats. Pregnant females were exposed to the test compounds orally throughout gestation and lactation periods. Neonates were weighed and sexed at birth and were observed for any gross abnormality. Growth, viability and weaning indices were calculated during the lactation period. Exposure to both the compounds did not alter the physical developmental parameters viz. eye opening, pinna detachment, and fur appearance. CYF significantly impaired growth and survivability of pups. Behavioral endpoints assessed in neonates (surface righting, pivoting, and negative geotaxis reflex) as well as adults (motor activity and motor coordination) exhibited marked effect of CYF treatment. Administration of BIF to pregnant dams impaired pivoting in neonates. Decreased locomotion in the open‐field and impaired rota‐rod performance were also witnessed in BIF‐exposed animals. Enhanced oxidative stress was seen in corpus striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus regions of the brain; reduced catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in BIF and CYF treated weanlings. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also found to be lowered following administration of both compounds at PND 21. The present results suggest that exposure to pyrethroids during critical periods of growth can induce long term effects on the behavior of animals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1761–1770, 2016.     

舒必利对哺乳期大鼠乳汁分泌的促进作用

利用溴隐亭０５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｓｃ建立的哺乳期大鼠乳汁分泌低下模型，研究舒必利的乳汁分泌促进作用。结果表明，舒必利３０及１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１＊ｄ－１ｉｇ，显著地提高哺乳期大鼠血中催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平，并促进子鼠体重增长，促使母鼠礼腺发育，实验结果提示，舒必利能对抗溴隐亭所致的大鼠血中ＰＲＬ低下。乳汁分泌抑制．具有促进乳汁分泌作用。     

Bioavailability of soy isoflavones through placental/lactational transfer and soy food

Isoflavones are non-nutritive components of soy responsible for estrogenic responses observed in vitro and in experimental animals. Possible beneficial effects (e.g., reduction of serum lipids, increased bone mineral density, relief of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms, mammary and prostate cancer chemoprevention) in humans have been attributed to consumption of isoflavones but evidence for potential adverse effects (e.g., stimulation of estrogen-dependent mammary tumors and aberrant perinatal development) has also been reported in experimental animal models. Bioavailability from appropriate food matrices and exposure during different life stages are both critical determinants of isoflavone effects. For these reasons, it is important to compare isoflavone bioavailability in adults to that in fetal and neonatal animals for a more complete understanding of potential susceptibility issues. Studies of the major soy isoflavone genistein were conducted in pregnant and lactating Sprague-Dawley rats to quantify placental and lactational transfer to plasma and brain to understand better biological effects observed in multigenerational studies. In addition, studies were conducted with genistein in adult Balb/c mice to define absolute bioavailability from both gavage and soy protein isolate (SPI)-containing food. The information derived from these studies makes it possible to predict internal exposures of children to genistein from soy infant formula, which is manufactured using SPI.     

Transplacental and lactational transfer of p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.

p,p'-DDE (hereafter DDE), a persistent metabolite of p,p'-DDT, is a widespread environmental contaminant that can induce antiandrogenic developmental effects in rats. Quantitative measurements of the transfer of DDE from pregnant or lactating dams to the fetus or suckling neonate were performed, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for the transplacental and lactational transfer of DDE were developed. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage in corn oil with either 10 or 100 mg DDE per kg body wt per day from Gestation Day (gd) 14 to 18. DDE was analyzed in several maternal tissues as well as in fetal and neonatal tissues from gd 15 to Postnatal Day (pnd) 21. Fetal DDE concentrations were about threefold lower than corresponding placental concentrations. By adopting a cross-fostering design, the contributions of transplacental and lactational transfer were compared. In the pup liver, where DDE was detectable in the 100 mg/kg groups on pnd 10, the lactationally exposed group had DDE concentrations about 50 times higher than those of the in utero only exposure group; the lactation only exposure groups had DDE tissue dose profiles very similar to those of the in utero plus lactation exposure groups, indicating that the lactational route is far more important than the in utero route quantitatively. The PBPK models postulated initial absorption of DDE into both the blood circulation and lymphatic system with the primary storage sites being maternal and neonatal adipose tissues. Mobilization of DDE from its storage sites is postulated to occur via its association with mobilized fatty acids and lipoproteins. The results provide an overall framework for evaluating the tissue dosimetry of DDE and for understanding how maternal exposure to DDE could affect perinatal sexual development in utero or in the early postnatal period.     

大鼠孕期和哺乳期接触硫丹对仔代雄性生殖系统发育的影响

成年雌性Wistar大鼠确定受孕后随机分为4组,每组8-10只,从整个孕期到哺乳期（到仔鼠出生后28 d止）持续给予硫丹0, 0.5, 1.0和2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 po. 结果2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1组在孕后期出现明显的母体毒性,4/10孕鼠死亡,其他各组无孕鼠死亡.各组仔鼠雌雄性别比例无明显差别. 2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1组出生仔鼠体重略低于对照组,但以后逐渐恢复. 出生后28 d处死部分雄性仔鼠检查睾丸生殖细胞凋亡发生率,结果各组之间无明显差异. 各组雄性仔鼠均未发现隐睾或尿道下裂等畸形,肛门到生殖器间的距离与对照组比较亦无明显差别. 雄鼠成年后,睾丸,附睾,前列腺重量以及组织形态都无明显改变.每日精子生成数,附睾精子计数和精子畸形率以及生育力亦无明显影响. 说明在本试验条件下,大鼠孕期和哺乳期接触硫丹,没有引起子代雄性生殖系统结构的雌性化和生殖功能的明显改变. 结合硫丹对雌鼠子宫增殖亦无影响,认为硫丹在大鼠体内并没有明显的雌激素样作用.     

大鼠孕期和哺乳期接触硫丹对仔代雄性生殖系统发育的影响

成年雌性 Wistar大鼠确定受孕后随机分为 4组 ,每组 8- 1 0只 ,从整个孕期到哺乳期 (到仔鼠出生后 2 8d止 )持续给予硫丹 0 ,0 .5,1 .0和 2 .5mg· kg-1· d-1po.结果 2 .5mg· kg-1· d-1组在孕后期出现明显的母体毒性 ,4/1 0孕鼠死亡 ,其他各组无孕鼠死亡 .各组仔鼠雌雄性别比例无明显差别 .2 .5mg·kg-1·d-1组出生仔鼠体重略低于对照组 ,但以后逐渐恢复 .出生后 2 8d处死部分雄性仔鼠检查睾丸生殖细胞凋亡发生率 ,结果各组之间无明显差异 .各组雄性仔鼠均未发现隐睾或尿道下裂等畸形 ,肛门到生殖器间的距离与对照组比较亦无明显差别 .雄鼠成年后 ,睾丸 ,附睾 ,前列腺重量以及组织形态都无明显改变 .每日精子生成数 ,附睾精子计数和精子畸形率以及生育力亦无明显影响 .说明在本试验条件下 ,大鼠孕期和哺乳期接触硫丹 ,没有引起子代雄性生殖系统结构的雌性化和生殖功能的明显改变 .结合硫丹对雌鼠子宫增殖亦无影响 ,认为硫丹在大鼠体内并没有明显的雌激素样作用     

Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to SbV on rat neurobehavioral development and fertility

Meglumine antimoniate (MA) is a pentavalent antimony drug used to treat leishmaniases. We investigated the neurobehavioral development, sexual maturation and fertility of the offspring of MA-treated rats. Dams were administered MA (0, 75, 150, 300 mg Sb^V/kg body wt/d, sc) from gestation day 0, throughout parturition and lactation, until weaning. At the highest dose, MA reduced the birth weight and the number of viable newborns. In the male offspring, MA did not impair development (somatic, reflex maturation, weight gain, puberty onset, open field test), sperm count, or reproductive performance. Except for a minor effect on body weight gain and vertical exploration in the open field, MA also did not affect the development of female offspring. Measurements of the Sb levels (ICP-MS) in the blood of MA-treated female rats and their offspring demonstrated that Sb is transferred to the fetuses via the placenta and to the suckling pups via milk.