全膝关节置换术后的功能康复训练

目的介绍全膝关节置换术后的康复训练方法，总结其效果。方法对140例行全膝关节置换术的患者，进行1年系统的康复训练，按美国特种外科医院（HSS）膝关节功能评分标准，术前膝关节评分（51．25±6．10）分，康复内容包括：肌力、肌耐力、本体感受功能、活动度、理疗、心理治疗。通过功能评分、稳定性、肌力、满意度等几方面，评价其效果。结果术后3个月，膝关节肿胀已消除，术后平均1年患膝股四头肌、胭绳肌、腓肠肌肌力均达到Ⅳ级[徒手肌力评定（MMT）分级]以上，88．33％患者均能恢复正常步态和上下楼梯。患者主观满意程度高，术后12个月膝关节功能评分（87．13±7．43）分，与术前相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对于行全膝关节置换术后患者，采用该康复方法切实有效。     

How normal is normal: Consequences of stride to stride variability,treadmill walking and age when using normative paediatric gait data

BackgroundIn the process of 3D-gait analysis interpretation, gait deviations in children with cerebral palsy are identified through comparison with reference data of typically developing children (TD). Generally, TD-data are presented based on averaged normalized curves of numerous strides for different ages and walking velocities. In patients however, often only a limited number of strides are available which are compared to group-averaged reference curves.Research questionTo investigate the consequences of ignoring stride-to-stride variation when averaged normalized curves are used as a reference paediatric dataset. To illustrate implications for clinical practice, we investigated how many individual strides of TD-children would be classified as abnormal, when compared to averaged normalized curves from the reference group, and how this is affected by age and treadmill versus overground walking.MethodsNinety TD-datasets were collected. Children (4-18y) walked on a 10 m-walkway (n = 49) or instrumented treadmill (n = 41). Joint kinematic and kinetic curves and clinically relevant outcome parameters were established. Individual strides were considered abnormal if they exceeded the group average more than 2SD. In addition, the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score, Gait Profile Score (GPS) and stride-to-stride variability were calculated. Generalized estimation equation analyses were used to investigate effects of age, overground/treadmill and their interaction.ResultsOf all 2532 analysed strides, on average 28% were classified as abnormal for joint kinematic curves, 50% for moments, and 51% for powers. Younger children showed a greater percentage of abnormal strides, greater GPS and more variability (p < 0.001). The effect of age was similar between treadmill and overground, but variability was lower on the treadmill.SignificanceOur findings indicate that due to stride-to-stride variability, even in TD-children a substantial number of strides can be classified as abnormal, when compared to group averaged normalized curves. Consequently, in patients, comparing a single stride to such a reference curve may lead to potential overestimation of gait deviations.     

帕罗西汀并康复训练治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者疗效观察

目的探讨帕罗西汀＋康复治疗方法对卒中偏瘫抑郁患者的疗效。方法123例大脑半球卒中后抑郁患者分为帕罗西汀治疗组（A组）、帕罗西汀＋康复治疗组（B组）及对照组（C组）。A组在常规卒中治疗同时加用帕罗西汀口服,B组在前者基础上加用康复干预,C组仅给与常规卒中治疗,对3组患者抑郁状态、运动功能、日常生活活动能力进行定期观察。结果治疗前3组间HAMD、FMA、ADL评分差异无统计学意义。在治疗2周、4周后,A组和B组各项评分均优于C组,差异具有统计学意义,但A组与B组之间差异无统计学意义。在治疗8周后A组和B组各项评分仍均优于对照组,且B组各项评分优于A组,差异有统计学意义。结论帕罗西汀治疗卒中后抑郁疗效显著;帕罗西汀配合康复训练比单独应用帕罗西汀更加有效。     

针刺配合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍疗效分析

目的观察针刺配合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。方法将脑卒中后伴吞咽障碍的100例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组采用功能训练治疗;治疗组采用针刺配合功能训练治疗。2周为1疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。2组在治疗前及治疗第14d、28d行吞咽X线电视透视检查（VFFS）和洼田氏评定。结果两组均能改善吞咽障碍,但针刺配合功能训练的疗效优于单纯功能训练（P〈0．05）。结论针刺配合功能训练不仅可以加速患者脑卒中后吞咽障碍的功能康复,提高生活质量,而且副作用小,花费少,可以作为脑卒中后吞咽障碍的常规治疗手段。     

Utility of an obstacle-crossing test to classify future fallers and non-fallers at hospital discharge after stroke: A pilot study

BackgroundExisting clinical assessments of balance and functional mobility have poor predictive accuracy for prospectively identifying post-stroke fallers, which may be due to a lack of ecological complexity that is typical of community-based fall incidents.Research questionDoes an obstacle-crossing test at hospital discharge predict fall status of ambulatory stroke survivors 3 months after discharge?MethodsAmbulatory stroke survivors being discharged home completed an obstacle-crossing test at hospital discharge. Falls were tracked prospectively for 3 months after discharge. Logistic regression examined the relationship between obstacle-crossing at discharge (pass/fail) and fall status (faller/non-faller) at 3 months post discharge.Results45 participants had discharge obstacle test and 3-month fall data. 21 (47 %) participants experienced at least one fall during follow-up, with 52 % of the falls occurring within the first month after discharge. Of the 21 fallers, 14 failed the obstacle-crossing test (67 % sensitivity). Among the 24 non-fallers, 20 passed the obstacle-crossing test (83 % specificity). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.60–0.90). Individuals who failed the obstacle-crossing test were 10.00 (95 % CI: 2.45–40.78) times more likely to fall in the first 3 months after discharge. The unadjusted logistic regression model correctly classified 76 % of the subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, days post stroke, and post-stroke disability, the odds ratio remained significant at 6.93 (95 % CI: 1.01–47.52) and correctly classified 79.5% of the participants.SignificanceThe obstacle-crossing test may be a useful discharge assessment to identify ambulatory stroke survivors being discharged home who are likely to fall in the first 3 months post discharge. Modifications to improve the obstacle-crossing test sensitivity should be explored further.     

Task based rehabilitation protocol for elite athletes following Anterior Cruciate ligament reconstruction: a clinical commentary

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common and devastating knee injuries sustained whilst participating in sport. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) remains the standard approach for athletes who aim to return to high level sporting activities but the outcome from surgery is not assured. Secondary morbidities and an inability to return to the same competitive level are common following ACLR. One factor which might be linked to these sub-optimal outcomes may be a failure to have clearly defined performance criteria for return to activity and sport. This paper presents a commentary describing a structured return to sport rehabilitation protocol for athletes following ACLR. The protocol was developed from synthesis of the available literature and consensus of physiotherapists and strength and conditioning coaches based in the home country Institute of Sports within the United Kingdom.     

粘膜管成形发音功能重建在晚期喉癌手术中的应用研究

 目的 用粘膜管成形法重建发音功能,应用于晚期喉癌手术中,术后达到良好的发音和吞咽效果,以提高喉癌患者的生存质量。方法 对失去部分喉切除机会的晚期喉癌患者用粘膜管成形法进行一期发音功能重建术,取得了较好的效果。共行手术31例,其中28例行近全喉切除,仅仅保留了残余披裂,摘除勺状软骨后,利用残余披裂粘膜和延续到气管的一条粘膜瓣缝合成一粘膜管而重建发音功能;3例行全喉切除,用其下咽粘膜缝合成一粘膜管与气管相延续。结果 29例患者均取得了良好的发音效果而无误咽。结论 粘膜管成形法重建发音功能可使晚期喉癌患者在喉切除后用自身材料一期重建发音功能而取得较理想的发音和吞咽功能。     

急性脑卒中患者合并吞咽困难的临床分析与康复治疗

目的观察急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难患者康复治疗的疗效评定及吸入性肺炎的发生率。方法将168例急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难的患者随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组在对照组应用药物治疗的同时给予综合康复训练治疗。治疗时间为1个月．以治疗前后患者吞咽功能恢复情况及吸入性肺炎的发生率作为观察指标。结果康复组患者吞咽功能恢复情况显著优于对照组,而其吸入性肺炎的发生率显著低于对照组。结论对于急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难的患者早期给予及时、系统的综合康复训练能够有效改善患者的吞咽功能,并显著减少此类患者吸入性肺炎的发生率。     

Combination of cold and compression after knee surgery

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous long-term application of a combined cooling and compression system (Cryo/Cuff, Aircast Inc., Summit. New Jersey, USA) on postoperative swelling, range of motion (ROM), pain, consumption of analgesics, and return of function after anterior cruciated ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We compared the cold-compression system with traditional ice therapy. There were 44 patients in the series (aged 15–40 year_ who were randomly assigned to a control group (ICE) or a study group (CC). The ICE group consisted of 23 patients (aged 24.2±4.5 years); the CC group consisted of 21 patients (aged 24.8±5.6 years). The ICE group received ice bags postoperatively; the CC group was provided with the Cryo/Cuff during the 14-day hospital stay. Girth, ROM, pain score (visual analog scale), and consumption of analgesics were determined on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, and 28. Twelve weeks after surgery, isokinetic testing was performed, and the functional knee score was determined. In the CC group, significantly less swelling was observed (P<0.035). These patients also reported less pain and had a significantly reduced consumption of analgesics (P<0.04). On all examination days, ROM in the CC group was up to 17° greater than in the ICE group (P<0.02). The functional knee score was singificantly increased in the CC group (P=0.025). The results from our study document the advantages of conitnous cold-compression therapy over cold alone following ACL reconstructionThe study was conducted at the Kreiskrankenhaus Bopfingen, Germany     

Evaluation of gait termination strategy in individuals with Essential Tremor and Parkinson's disease

IntroductionGait termination (GT) is a challenging transitory task involving converting from a dynamic state of motion to a static state. These transitional locomotor tasks are particularly troublesome for populations with postural deficits, i.e., Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET). They demand greater postural control and intricate integration of the neuromuscular system. The mechanisms involved in GT in these populations have not been well studied despite the safety concerns and potential risk for falls. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the different control strategies utilized during GT between individuals with ET and PD.MethodsTwenty-four individuals with ET (66 ± 8 yrs), twenty-four individuals with PD (64 ± 8 yrs), and twenty healthy older adults (HOA: 63 ± 9 yrs) participated in this study. Average self-selected gait velocity for each group was collected during the GT trial walking portion. Ground reaction force (GRF) data were used to calculate braking and propulsive forces from the last two steps during GT. GRF data measured the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), defined as an individual’s ability to maintain balance while transitioning from a dynamic to a stable state.ResultsPersons with ET had a significantly slower approach velocity (0.63 m/s) when compared to HOA (0.92 m/s) and PD (0.77 m/s). Persons with PD had significantly slower approach velocity when compared to HOA. Examination of GRF data found that those with ET generated significantly smaller propulsive and braking forces (p < .05). Forces increased in those with PD and then even more in the HOA group. Postural stability analysis revealed that ET had significantly worse stability scores than PD and HOA (p < .05).ConclusionIndividuals with PD and ET utilize different control strategies for planned GT, which suggests both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia play central yet potentially different roles in anticipatory control during self-directed activities.     

创伤性肩关节前不稳定康复治疗计划的研究与应用

目的：探讨康复训练计划对创伤性肩关节前不稳定的治疗效果．方法：设计一套创伤性肩关节不稳定治疗的康复计划，对３８例创伤性肩关节前不稳定患者进行治疗．该计划分为制动康复训练、保护性康复训练、肌力强度康复训练、运动功能恢复训练４个阶段，每个阶段３周．结果：所有病例平均随访８个月，早期治疗的患者疼痛消失，关节活动度恢复正常，疗效满意．结论：只要正确掌握适应证，该康复计划可以有效地治疗创伤性肩关节前不稳定     

脑卒中后语言功能康复的脑功能性磁共振研究

目的：应用非损伤性的fMRI方法，研究脑卒中后语言功能的员伤机制和恢复机制。材料和方法：患者女，37岁，右利手，受教育5年，工人，突发语言障碍来我院就诊，以CT、MRI检查发现右侧基底节区及左额顶叶脑梗死，收入院治疗。实验材料选用6组36例对由双字名词，患者大声朗读并行词意判断。结果：损伤时，患者语言功能，左侧半球语言功能区活动减弱，治疗后，患者语言功能恢复，左侧半球语言功能区活动恢复；损伤时，患者语言功能障碍，右侧半球语言功能区活动增加，治疗后，患者语言功能恢复，右侧半球语言功能区活动减弱或消失。结论：fMRI是一种客观、敏感、可量化的研究脑卒中后语言功能康复的方法之一。     

Running-related injury: How long does it take? Feasibility,preliminary evaluation,and German translation of the University of Wisconsin running and recovery index

ObjectiveThe University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) was developed as an evaluative patient-reported outcome measure of perceived running ability and recovery after running-related injuries. To date, the questionnaire was not translated into German language and studies on its clinical feasibility and validity are sparse.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOutpatient sports medicine clinic.ParticipantsThe UWRI questionnaire was translated to German language using a state-of-the art back-translation method including three translators and two back-translators. Clinical feasibility and validation were assessed in 14 injured runners.Main outcome measuresUWRI total score, running volume.ResultsThe translation process was completed without major discrepancies. Feasibility and preliminary evaluation were demonstrated in a cohort of 14 injured runners. The UWRI total score significantly improved throughout 12 weeks of recovering from running-related injuries (p < 0.001). Relative running volume significantly correlated with UWRI score (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index was successfully translated into the German language. Its usage may hold promise for better rehabilitation surveillance following running-related injuries.     

The effect of ankle taping on functional performance in participants with functional ankle instability

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of rigid ankle tape on functional performance, self-efficacy and perceived stability, confidence and reassurance during functional tasks in participants with functional ankle instability.DesignClinical measurement, crossover design.MethodsParticipants (n = 25) with functional ankle instability (Cumberland Ankle Instability Score < 25) were recruited from university students and sporting clubs. Participants performed five functional tests with and without the ankle taped. The tests were: figure-8 hopping test, hopping obstacle course, star excursion balance test (SEBT), single-leg stance and stair descent test. Secondary outcome measures were self-efficacy and perception measures.ResultsRigid tape significantly decreased the stair descent time by 4% (p = 0.014), but had no effect on performance in the other tests. Self-efficacy increased significantly (p < 0.001). Perceived stability, confidence and reassurance also increased with the ankle taped (p < 0.05) during the stair and two hopping tasks, but not during the SEBT or single-leg stance test.ConclusionAlthough taping the ankle did not affect performance, except to improve stair descent, it increased self-efficacy and perceived confidence in dynamic tasks. These findings suggest that taping may reduce apprehension without affecting functional performance in those with functional ankle instability and permit continued physical activity or sport participation.     

Evidence for joint moment asymmetry in healthy populations during gait

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of asymmetry in lower extremity joint moments within and across healthy populations during overground walking. Bilateral gait data from several studies performed at two institutions were pooled from 182 healthy, pain-free subjects. Four distinct populations were identified based on age, activity level and body mass index. Mean peak external joint moments were calculated from three to six trials of level overground walking at self-selected speed for each subject. Right and left limb moments were reclassified as “greater” or “lesser” moment for each subject to prevent obscuring absolute asymmetry due to averaging over positive and negative asymmetries across subjects. A clinically relevant asymmetry measure was calculated from the peak joint moments with an initial chosen cutoff value of 10%. Confidence intervals for the proportion of subjects with greater than 10% asymmetry between limbs were estimated based on the binomial distribution. We found a high amount of asymmetry between the limbs in healthy populations. More than half of our overall population exceeded 10% asymmetry in peak hip and knee flexion and adduction moments. Group medians exceeded 10% asymmetry for all variables in all populations. This may have important implications on gait evaluations, particularly clinical evaluations or research studies where asymmetry is used as an outcome. Additional research is necessary to determine acceptable levels of joint moment asymmetry during gait and to determine whether asymmetrical joint moments influence the development of symptomatic pathology or success of lower extremity rehabilitation.