2009年广西新诊断尘肺发病特点及流行病学特征分析

对广西2009年新诊断的尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。2009年广西尘肺发病以矽肺(88.37%)为主,尘肺并发结核率高,接尘工龄短,尘肺发病的行业系统主要分布在有色金属矿采选业、黑色金属矿采选业和煤炭采选业,工种以风钻工、爆破工和掘进工为主。尘肺病人主要分布在南宁市、柳州市和河池市。说明广西矽肺发病率仍较高,需加强对矿山开采业尘肺的防治工作,注重对企业接尘工人和外出农民工进行尘肺病防治知识的宣传和职业健康体检工作。     

广西壮族自治区2005—2009年尘肺报告病例的分析

为了解广西壮族自治区2005—2009年尘肺报告病例的职业特征,对广西壮族自治区2005—2009年新诊断的尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。结果显示,2005—2009年广西壮族自治区尘肺报告病例以矽肺(80.2%)为主,尘肺并发结核率(15.6%)高。尘肺病的工业系统主要分布在有色金属矿采选业(52.8%)、煤炭采选业(25.2%)和黑色金属矿采选业(11.1%)。工种以风钻工(39.1%)、掘进工(16.3%)和爆破工(11.0%)为主。尘肺病人主要分布在南宁市(38.5%)、河池市(18.3%)和柳州市(17.8%)。提示,需加强对矿山开采业的尘肺病防治工作,同时应加强对企业接尘工人和外出农民工尘肺病防治知识的宣传和职业健康检查。     

广西有色金属行业尘肺病667例分析

目的了解有色金属行业尘肺病发生、发展的特点以及流行特征。方法对广西诊断的667例有色金属行业尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。结果 667例有色金属行业以矽肺(91.90%)和有色金属冶炼工尘肺(4.65%)和电焊工尘肺(1.20%)为主。矽肺并发结核率高(26.39%)、接尘工龄短。工种以风钻工、掘进工和爆破工为主。尘肺病人主要分布在南宁、河池和柳州3市。非公有制企业矽肺并发结核率高,发病年龄和接尘工龄较短。结论需加强对广西有色金属行业的尘肺病防治工作,尤其是非公有制企业矿山开采业的尘肺病防治工作,同时加强对接尘工人进行尘肺病防治知识的宣传和职业健康检查。     

洛阳市尘肺流行病学调查分析(1963～2007年)

[目的]探讨洛阳市尘肺病特征、危害,为制定有效的尘肺病防治、管理措施提供依据。[方法]对洛阳市1963～2007年新发的793例尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。[结果]新诊断的尘肺病例的行业分布以煤炭(46.28%)、玻璃原料(21.06%)和地质矿产(14.38%)为主,工种以采煤工(35.31%)和型砂工(22.32%)为主,主要分布在1980年以后。尘肺病例以矽肺(49.18%)和煤工尘肺(46.28%)为主,各种尘肺患者主要集中分布在Ⅰ期。从Ⅰ期晋升到Ⅱ期平均时间(7.48±4.30)年;从Ⅱ期晋升到Ⅲ期平均时间(10.46±5.43)年。矽肺的发病年龄早于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05),且接尘工龄短于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05)。Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期尘肺病死率矽肺高于煤工尘肺(P﹤0.05),且矽肺和煤工尘肺均有随期次增高病死率增高的趋势(P﹤0.001)。尘肺死因主要为肺心病(20.22%)和尘肺(19.13%)。[结论]尘肺防治工作的重点是预防、治疗肺心病,重点行业是煤炭、地质矿产、玻璃原料。煤工尘肺和矽肺是关键,应加强其健康管理,早期诊断和控制并发症是良性转归的首要措施。     

内蒙古自治区近两年尘肺病监测结果分析

目的 分析内蒙古自治区近两年尘肺病发病情况,为尘肺防治提供科学的依据.方法 对内蒙古自治区2008和2009年全区尘肺病监测资料,按尘肺发病期别、地区、行业、种类进行统计分析.结果 2008年上报尘肺病新病例77例,其中Ⅰ期尘肺52例,Ⅱ期尘肺20例,Ⅲ期尘肺5例;2009年上报尘肺病诊断病例212例,其中Ⅰ期尘肺181例,Ⅱ期尘肺28例,Ⅲ期尘肺3例;煤工尘肺和矽肺占全部病例的95.8%.2008年和2009年内蒙古地区的尘肺病发病以煤炭行业和有色金属业为主,且以煤炭行业所占的百分比较高(64.0%),其次是有色金属业(22.5%).赤峰市尘肺病病例最多,其次为鄂尔多斯市.结论 2008和2009年内蒙古地区的尘肺病例以矽肺和煤工尘肺较多,主要分布在赤峰和鄂尔多斯市,防制重点行业为煤炭和有色金属业.     

2008-2012年淮南市新诊断尘肺病例分析

目的 分析淮南市尘肺病发病特点,为制定尘肺病防治对策提供科学依据。 方法 通过淮南市2008-2012年职业病信息报告收集的尘肺病例资料,就患者尘肺病种类、行业分布、发病年龄、接尘工龄、工种等特点进行统计分析。 结果 2008-2012年淮南市新发尘肺病480例,其中壹期尘肺病461例,贰期尘肺病17例,叁期尘肺病2例。煤矿行业尘肺病发病460例,主要患病工种为煤矿掘进工和采煤工(83.91%,386/460)。新发尘肺病例平均年龄为(52.63 ±8.76)岁,接尘工龄为(21.72 ±6.25)年。 结论 煤炭采选业是该市尘肺病的高发行业,有效预防和控制掘进工及采煤工人发病是该市尘肺病防治工作的重点。     

2010-2012年雅安市新增尘肺患者的流行病学特征分析

目的了解雅安市尘肺病流行特征,为尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法对雅安市2010-2012年新增尘肺职业病诊断资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2010-2012年全市共诊断405例尘肺,均以Ⅰ期尘肺为主,尘肺病种以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,分别占新增病例的80.99%和12.84%。工种分布构成比不同(χ2=439.066,P0.001):采煤工最多(42.72%)、其次是掘进工(13.09%)和采煤混合工(13.83%)、选矿工最少(0.99%)。雅安市尘肺病例主要分布在煤炭开采(80.99%)、冶金(1.98%)、有色金属(4.2%)行业。地区分布情况,荥经县尘肺病例最多,占64%。尘肺平均发病年龄为(46.69±9.12)岁,平均接尘工龄为(9.88±7.56)岁;尘肺合并结核率为8.64%。结论雅安市2010-2012年新增尘肺患者以Ⅰ期为主,采煤工为重点防治人群,煤工尘肺和矽肺为防治重点,煤炭行业为重点防治行业。     

2012-2013年广西省新诊断尘肺病分布特征分析

目的了解2012-2013年广西尘肺病发病特点和流行特征,为有效防控尘肺病提出相关对策和建议。方法对广西2012-2013年新诊断204例尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。结果广西2012-2013年新发尘肺病204例的诊断分期分别为Ⅰ期139例(68.14%)、Ⅱ期45例(22.06%)、Ⅲ期20例(9.80%)。其中矽肺169例(82.84%),较2008-2009年的234例(86.35%)和2010-2011年的450例(89.46%)有所下降。204例尘肺中合并结核19例(9.31%)。Ⅰ期尘肺病和矽肺平均接尘工龄为(13.42±9.82)和(11.36±8.59)年,较2008-2009年呈缩短趋势;新发尘肺病主要集中于中小型企业,约占67.65%;河池、南宁和桂林为新发矽肺病例重点地区,发病率81.66%;有色金属矿采和煤炭开采为新发矽肺病例重点行业,约占75.75%;新发矽肺病例主要发生于矽尘危害较严重的凿岩工、爆破工、掘进工、采矿(煤)工、粉(破)碎工和搬运工种,约占统计工种的87.50%。结论广西新发尘肺病发病形势依然严峻,新发尘肺病仍然以矽肺为主,今后应进一步加强广西重点地区和重点行业的职业病防控,对中小型矿采选企业的综合治理将是一项长期而艰巨的工作。     

2009年龙岩市尘肺病流行病学调查

目的了解龙岩市2009年新发尘肺病发生、发展的特点以及流行特征。方法对龙岩市2009年新发尘肺病进行流行病学调查分析。结果 2009年龙岩市新发尘肺病199例,以煤工尘肺(56.79%)和矽肺(42.71%)为主。尘肺病主要集中在煤炭行业169例(84.43%),其次为交通19例(9.55%)。尘肺病主要发生在国有企业,占全市尘肺发病总数的98.49%。结论龙岩市尘肺病防治工作仍然严峻,需加强煤炭、交通和国有企业尘肺病防治知识的宣传和定期职业健康检查。     

2006—2014年唐山市新发尘肺病例报告分析

目的分析唐山市2006—2014年新发尘肺病发病特点,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法 2006—2014年中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的新发尘肺病病例导出后用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析。结果 2006—2014年唐山市共报告新发尘肺病例1 399例,其中男性1 352例,女性47例;壹期尘肺1 192例,贰期尘肺159例,叁期尘肺48例;新病例种类最多的为煤工尘肺,其次为矽肺、陶工尘肺;大型企业新发尘肺病最多,其次是中型企业、小型企业;不同规模企业尘肺病开始接尘年龄和接尘工龄差异有统计学意义;尘肺病例行业主要分布在煤炭开采和洗选业、非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属矿采选业。结论我市尘肺病例以壹期尘肺为主,主要为煤工尘肺,分布在大型国有企业,主要行业是煤炭开采和洗选业,近年来中小企业是我市防治工作的重点。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.