炎症性肠病危险因素的流行病学调查研究

目的通过病例调查，筛选IBD的危险因素。方法采用问卷方式，对72例确诊IBD患者及72例配对的健康个体调查，对结果进行COX回归分析，筛选出IBD的致病危险因素。结果COX回归分析提示紧张度、牛奶和油炸食品在IBD致病因素中具有统计学意义。结论紧张度、牛奶和油炸食品可能是IBD的致病危险因素。     

福建省溃疡性结肠炎患病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的通过病例对照研究,调查溃疡性结肠炎(UC)发生的可能危险因素。方法对100例确诊UC患者、100例配对的健康个体进行问卷调查,包括IBD家族史、吸烟、牛奶摄入量、工作紧张度、酒精摄入量、感染性肠病史、阑尾切除术、NSAID类药物服用等共32项内容,对结果进行统计,以logistic回归分析筛选出UC具有统计学意义的致病危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示职业紧张程度、家用冰箱、饮用牛奶、西式快餐、吸烟、母乳喂养、IBD家族史、感染性肠病史、非甾体止痛药物摄入及阑尾切除术在两组之间的差异有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析结果提示:IBD家族史(OR=11.251)、牛奶摄入(OR=7.020)、感染性肠病(OR=5.063)、油炸食品摄入(OR=3.812)、吸烟(OR=0.240)等因素具有统计学意义,其中吸烟为保护因素。结论 IBD家族史、油炸食品摄入、牛奶摄入、感染性肠病可能是UC的致病危险因素;吸烟可能是UC的保护因素。     

浙江地区炎症性肠病136例危险因素及其基因多态性分析

目的研究浙江地区住院治疗的炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的可能危险因素及NOD2/CARD15基因3个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与IBD的相关性。方法通过问卷调查对2005年1月至2008年12月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院、浙江省金华市中心医院、宁波李惠利医院及台州地区医院136例IBD患者和等量健康对照者进行病例对照研究,对结果进行COX回归分析;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)法对60例无血缘关系的IBD患者及60例健康对照者NOD2/CARD15基因Arg702Trp、Gly908Arg和Leu1007fsinsC多态性进行分析。结果 IBD平均发病年龄42.6岁,男性稍多于女性。牛奶、油炸食品和精神因素在IBD致病因素中具有统计学意义。IBD患者和健康对照者均未检测出纯合子和杂合子的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)突变。结论牛奶、油炸食品和精神紧张可能是浙江地区IBD潜在的危险因素,白种人克罗恩病(CD)患者相关易感基因NOD2/CARD15常见的3个SNPs与浙江地区IBD患者无关。     

新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族溃疡性结肠炎危险因素的分析

背景:溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的发病在不同地区和民族之间存在差异,其发病率逐年增高,但发病原因至今仍不十分明确。目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族UC发病可能的危险因素。方法:纳入经结肠镜检查和病理活检确诊的93例初发型UC患者,其中维吾尔族患者46例,汉族患者47例,同时选择匹配的健康人作为对照。行问卷调查,对可能与UC发病相关的11个变量行单因素分析,差异有统计学意义的变量进一步行多因素条件logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析显示:油腻饮食、阑尾切除、肠道感染、精神紧张、牛奶摄入与维吾尔族人群UC的发病相关(P<0.05);而吸烟、辛辣饮食、阑尾切除、肠道感染、精神紧张、牛奶摄入与汉族人群UC的发病相关(P<0.05)。多因素条件logistic回归分析显示:油腻饮食(OR=1.970,95%CI:1.412～2.785,P=0.000)、偶尔和经常牛奶摄入(OR=3.219,95%CI:1.190～8.567,P=0.005;OR=2.375,95%CI:1.024～6.649,P=0.004)可能是维吾尔族人群UC发病的危险因素;精神紧张(OR=1.975,95%CI:1.032～3.469,P=0.025)、经常牛奶摄入(OR=4.291,95%CI:1.418～11.913,P=0.012)可能是汉族人群UC发病的危险因素,而吸烟可能是保护因素(OR=0.076,95%CI:0.015～0.527,P=0.004)。结论:新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族UC的发病危险因素可能存在差异,对于维吾尔族人群,油腻饮食、牛奶摄入可能是UC发病的危险因素;而精神紧张、经常牛奶摄入可能是汉族人群UC发病的危险因素,吸烟可能是保护因素。     

冠心病危险因素在不同年龄组病人状况分析

目的　分析冠心病危险因素在不同年龄组病人中的状况 ,提供合理的防治措施。方法　对 1999年选择性冠状动脉造影的 5 6 4例住院病人 ,进行危险因素调查。结果　 5 0岁以上组在高血压及吸烟等方面存在统计学差异 (P=0 .0 0 0～ 0 .0 4 5 ) ,而 5 0岁以下组差异无统计学意义。 5 0岁以上及 5 0岁以下两组冠脉造影异常组进行吸烟年限及高血压病程t检验 ,结果差异有意义。Logistic回归分析示 ,吸烟及高血压是冠心病的独立危险因素 (P =0 .0 0 2 8～ 0 .0 30 8,OR =1.6 2 5 7～ 2 .92 39)。结论　年轻人与中老年人在冠心病的危险因素上可能存在差异。     

急性心肌梗死患者健康素养的相关因素研究

背景健康素养是健康的决定因素之一,而分析健康素养相关因素有助于制定有针对性的干预措施。目的分析急性心肌梗死患者健康素养的相关因素。方法选取2016年1月—2017年1月承德医学院附属医院心内科收治的急性心肌梗死患者300例,自制《急性心肌梗死患者一般情况调查问卷》《急性心肌梗死患者饮食习惯、生活习惯调查问卷》《健康素养调查问卷》。比较不同一般情况(包括性别、年龄、高血压发生情况、糖尿病发生情况、脑血管意外病史、外周动脉疾病病史、受教育程度及家庭人均月收入)、饮食习惯(包括乳类、肉/蛋类、蔬菜类、糖类摄入频率)及生活习惯(包括吸烟、饮酒、运动、睡眠情况)患者健康素养评分,急性心肌梗死患者健康素养评分的相关因素分析采用多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)不同性别患者健康素养评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);不同年龄、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入及有无高血压、糖尿病、脑血管意外病史、外周动脉疾病病史患者健康素养评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)不同乳类、肉/蛋类、蔬菜类、糖类摄入频率及吸烟、饮酒、运动、睡眠情况患者健康素养评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)多元线性回归分析结果显示,受教育程度(β=4.778)、蔬菜类摄入频率(β=2.398)、肉/蛋类摄入频率(β=4.550)、吸烟(β=-6.159)、运动(β=3.289)与急性心肌梗死患者健康素养评分独立相关(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者健康素养水平与受教育程度、蔬菜类摄入频率、肉/蛋类摄入频率、吸烟、运动有关,而提高健康素养水平有助于改变急性心肌梗死患者不良生活习惯及饮食习惯。     

上消化道早癌筛查结果和相关因素分析

目的 分析2020年1月至2021年12月期间上消化道早癌筛查结果和相关影响因素。方法 收集2020年1月至2021年12月期间进行上消化道内镜检查的患者,分为上消化道癌阳性和阴性两组,分析相关影响因素包括：人口学特征、既往疾病史、无痛胃镜、口服去泡剂、胃镜彩图量、正规培训;进一步探讨上消化道癌发病的影响因素。结果 2020年1月至2021年12月在宣城市人民医院进行上消化道内镜检查17 820例,发现食管、贲门、胃癌分别为87、32、116例。早期食管、贲门、胃早癌发现56、27、89例;上消化道早癌阳性和阴性两组在文化程度、吸烟饮酒史、腌制食品、油炸食品、萎缩性胃炎、低级别上皮内瘤变、无痛胃镜、标准胃镜彩图、焦虑方面差异有统计学意义。两组在性别、年龄、新鲜水果、热烫食品、豆制品、油炸食品、口服去泡剂、正规培训、抑郁方面差异无统计学意义。经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,饮酒、萎缩性胃炎、腌制食物、低级别上皮内瘤变是影响上消化道癌发病的独立危险因素。结论 上消化道早癌的发病可能与文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、腌制食品、萎缩性胃炎、低级别上皮内瘤变、无痛胃镜、标准胃镜彩图、焦虑因素有关,...     

我国中年人群的营养素摄入状况与高血压发病关系的前瞻性研究

目的探讨我国中年人群中营养素摄入状况与高血压发病的关系。方法1983—1984年在北京、广州4组人群中进行心血管病危险因素调查和膳食调查,1993-1994年采用相同的方法对上述人群进行了除膳食调查以外全部项目的复查。本研究对基线有膳食资料、无高血压和其他心血管疾病且参加1993-1994年复查的653人的资料进行分析。结果653人中1983-1984年至1993-1994年共170人发生高血压。将研究对象按经热量校正后的营养素摄入量3分位数分为3组,对多种营养素摄入量与高血压发病关系的分析结果显示：蛋白质摄入量和高血压发病之间存在显著的负关联,钠摄入量与高血压发病之间存在显著的正关联,其他营养素与高血压发病之间的关联大多较弱且不具有统计学意义。结论膳食蛋白质和钠可能是影响我国人群高血压发病的重要的膳食因素,在我国中年人群中增加膳食蛋白质的摄入、同时减少钠的摄入,对于预防高血压可能具有重要的作用。     

大连庄河石城岛原驻老年居民高血压患病率调查

目的 调查大连庄河石城岛原驻老年居民高血压的患病率及相关危险因素，为海岛老年居民高血压的防治提供依据。方法 纳入2016年6月～2016年8月大连庄河石城岛原驻居民656例，采用修正的世界卫生组织心血管病人群监测方案(WHO MONICA)研究调查问卷对其进行问卷调查，收集人口学资料、体格检查及实验室检查结果。根据有无高血压其分为无高血压组199例和高血压组457例,比较两组研究对象的一般资料。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析评估大连庄河石城岛原驻老年居民发生高血压的危险因素。结果 656例原驻老年居民中，高血压的总体患病率为69.6%(457/656)，其中男性高血压的患病率为65.6%(206/314),女性为73.3%(251/342)。高血压组吸烟者比例高于无高血压组，进行锻炼者比例低于无高血压组（P＜0.05），而无高血压组和高血压组过量饮酒、接受过健康教育者比例比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，腰围增大、BMI升高、吸烟、血清总蛋白升高、血尿酸升高、甘油三酯(TG)升高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高是大连庄河石城岛原驻老年居民发生高血压的危险因素（P＜0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，腰围增大、BMI升高、血尿酸升高、尿肌酐升高、LDL-C升高是其发生高血压的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 大连庄河石城岛原驻老年女性居民高血压的患病率高于男性，限制食盐摄入量、减轻体重、减小腰围、限制高胆固醇、高嘌呤食物的摄入、适当进行体力活动等生活方式干预应当作为当地高血压防治的重要措施。     

盐与中心动脉压和脉搏波传导速度的关系

<正>高血压增加患心血管病的风险,也是脑卒中和慢性肾脏病主要危险因素,高血压及其相关并发症已经在世界范围内造成巨大的社会经济负担。高血压发病的危险因素包括吸烟、年龄、性别、家族史和生活方式等诸多方面。而饮食中盐摄入的多少与人群血压水平和高血压发病率息息相关。计算饮食中钠钾摄入量的方法主要有膳食回顾调查问卷法和24 h留尿法2种,有研究者对双方进行比较后发现,采用     

Risk factors and gene polymorphisms of inflammatory bowel disease in population of Zhejiang, China

AIM:To identify the risk factors and three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of NOD2/CARD15 gene in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) of the population in Zhejiang,China.METHODS:A case-control study was conducted using recall questionnaire to collect data on demographic,socioeconomic,lifestyle characteristics and dietary behaviors from 136 determined IBD patients and 136 paired healthy controls.COX regression method was used to screen the statistically significant risk factors for IBD.The polymorphisms of...     

The protective effect of habitual tea consumption on hypertension

BACKGROUND: Tea has long been believed to possess hypotensive effects in popular Chinese medicine. However, conflicting results have been shown among human trials and animal studies on the relation between tea consumption and blood pressure. Epidemiological evidence about the long-term effect of tea on hypertensive risk is also inconsistent. METHODS: We examined the effect of tea drinking, measured in detail for the past decades, on the risk of newly diagnosed hypertension in 1507 subjects (711 men and 796 women), 20 years or older, who did not have a hypertensive history during 1996 in Taiwan. RESULTS: Six hundred subjects (39.8%) were habitual tea drinkers, defined by tea consumption of 120 mL/d or more for at least 1 year. Compared with nonhabitual tea drinkers, the risk of developing hypertension decreased by 46% for those who drank 120 to 599 mL/d and was further reduced by 65% for those who drank 600 mL/d or more after carefully adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, family history of hypertension, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, lifestyle factors (total physical activity, high sodium intake, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking), and dietary factors (vegetable, fruit, unrefined grain, fish, milk, visible-fat food, and deep fried food intake). However, tea consumption for more than 1 year was not associated with a further reduction of hypertension risk. CONCLUSION: Habitual moderate strength green or oolong tea consumption, 120 mL/d or more for 1 year, significantly reduces the risk of developing hypertension in the Chinese population.     

Interaction between ALDH2 rs671 and life habits affects the risk of hypertension in Koreans: A STROBE observational study

Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is associated with the risk of hypertension, and the effects of lifestyle factors on blood pressure vary according to genotype. Among the Han Chinese, the risk of hypertension is lower in the group with the rs671 A allele than in the group with the G allele, and there is a significant association between the frequency of fried food consumption and hypertension. However, the A allele significantly increases the risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) on hypertension.rs671 polymorphisms of ALDH2 were examined using Korean genome and epidemiology data from 8157 hypertensive cases and 9550 controls. Further, we investigated whether the A allele is protective against hypertension in Koreans and explored the effect of the combination of fried food intake and exercise habits on hypertension by genotype.The genotype frequencies of rs671, which is specific to East Asia, were 2.51% AA, 26.66% GA, and 70.83% GG in the Korean population. The group with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 had a low odds ratio [OR = 0.75 (95% CI:0.69–0.80), P = 4.35 × 10⁻¹⁴] of hypertension, and low metabolism of acetaldehyde. Subjects carrying the A allele exhibited an increased risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake without exercise [OR = 2.256 (95% CI:1.094–4.654), P = .028].ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) are associated with the risk of hypertension. Further, the A allele is associated with a low risk of hypertension, but it increases the risk of hypertension as fried food intake without exercise increases.     

Fluid intake and bladder cancer. A case control study

To examine the relation of the total intake of fluids and the types of beverages to the risk of bladder cancer, we conducted a hospital based case-control study with 130 newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients and the same number of matched controls. Information of total fluid intake was derived from the reported frequency of consumption of the different types of beverages on the food frequency questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the cases and the controls in total daily fluid intake. Multivariate logistic regression model showed consumption of: soda (OR=8.32; 95%CI=3.18-21.76), coffee (OR=1.46; 95%CI=1.05-2.01) and spirits (OR=1.15; 95%CI=1.04-1.28) as statistically significant risk factors, while mineral water (OR=0.52; 95%CI=0.34-0.79), skim milk (OR=0.38; 95%CI=0.16-0.91), yogurt (OR=0.34; 95%CI=0.12-0.97) and frequency of daily urination (OR=0.27; 95%CI=0.18-0.41) were statistically significant protective variables. In our study no statistically significant association was observed for total fluid intake. The findings suggest consumption of soda, coffee and spirits were indicated as a risk factors for bladder cancer, while mineral water, skim milk, yogurt and frequency of urination as protective factors for bladder cancer.     

Multicenter case-control study of the risk factors for ulcerative colitis in China

AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.The UC cases were collected from 17 hospitals in China from April 2007 to April 2010.Uniform questionnaires were designed to investigate risk factors including smoking,appendectomy,stress,socio-economic conditions,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),oral contraceptives,diet,breastfeeding,infections and family sanitary conditions.Group comparisons by each factor were done using simple logistic regression analysis.Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS:By univariate analysis,the variables predictive of UC included feeling stress,light and heavy alcoholic drinking,spicy food,sugar consumption and infectious diarrhea,while heavy tea intake and tap water consumption were protective against UC.On multivariate analysis,the protective factor for UC was tap water consumption [odds ratios(OR) = 0.424,95%CI:0.302-0.594,P < 0.001];while the potential risk factors for UC were heavy sugar consumption(OR = 1.632,95%CI:1.156-2.305,P < 0.001),spicy food(light intake:OR = 3.329,95%CI:2.282-4.857,P < 0.001;heavy intake:OR = 3.979,95%CI:2.700-5.863,P < 0.001),and often feeling stress(OR = 1.981,95%CI:1.447-2.711,P < 0.001).Other factors,such as smoking habit,appendectomy,breastfeeding,a history of measles,rural or urban residence,education,oral contraceptives,and NSAID use have not been found to have a significant association with the development of UC in the present study.CONCLUSION:Our study showed tap water consumption was a protective factor for UC,while spicy food,heavy sugar consumption and often feeling stress were risk factors for UC in this Chinese population.     

Risk factors for anal fistula: a case–control study

Background

The aim of our study was to identify potential risk factors for anal fistula in order to improve prevention and treatment of anal fistula.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study for anal fistula was conducted at our unit. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify associated risk factors for anal fistula.

Results

The final model obtained by the stepwise forward logistic regression analysis method identified the following items as independent risk factors: body mass index of >25.0 kg/m², high daily salt intake, history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, dermatosis, anorectal surgery, history of smoking and alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, excessive intake of spicy/greasy food, very infrequent participation in sports and prolonged sitting on the toilet for defecation.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that lifestyle factors and certain medical conditions increase an individual’s risk of developing anal fistula.     

Dietary calcium intake and its relation to bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Objectives. To investigate calcium intake and its association with bone mineral density (BMD) and the type and extent of the disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Setting. University hospital clinic.
Subjects. A total of 152 unselected IBD patients and 73 healthy controls.
Measurements. Dietary calcium intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and BMD of the lumbar spina and proximal femur was measured.
Results. The IBD patients had lower dietary calcium intake (1034 [SD 493] mg) than the controls (1334 [514] mg, P <0.001). The difference was significant in the males (1047 [552] mg and 1575 [586] mg, respectively, P <0.001), but not in the females (1020 [422] mg and 1112 [303] mg). The dietary daily calcium intake was below 1000 mg in 53% of the patients and 27% of the controls ( P = 0.0004) and below 400 mg in 9.2% of the patients and none of the controls ( P =0.007). The calcium intake was not associated with the severity or the type of IBD. Seventy-one (47%) patients and eight (11%) controls avoided lactose in their diet ( P < 0.001). In the IBD patients, no association between the calcium intake and BMD was detected, whereas in the controls a positive correlation between the calcium intake and the BMD of the proximal femur was found.
Conclusions. Calcium intakes below the recommendations are seen more often in the IBD patients than in the healthy controls, but in the IBD patients the calcium intake is not associated with BMD in a cross-sectional study. A low-lactose diet is common among IBD patients. To reduce the risk of inadequate calcium intake, unnecessary dietary restrictions concerning, e.g. milk products, should be avoided for these patients.     

Risk factors for ulcerative colitis in a Chinese population: an age-matched and sex-matched case-control study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, appendectomy, and family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have all been shown to be associated with IBD, but there were no reports of risk factors for IBD in a Chinese population in which the incidence of IBD is increasing during the past decade. We conducted a case-control study to examine associations between previously reported environmental risk factors and development of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Wuhan city, central China. METHODS: A total of 177 patients with UC and 177 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in Wuhan city from January 2004 to December 2004. An age-matched and sex-matched case-control study was conducted to assess the role of smoking, alcohol use, appendectomy, and other potential risk factors in the development of UC by a detailed questionnaire. RESULTS: Smoking was a protective factor and exsmoking is a risk factor for UC [compared with nonsmokers, smokers: odds ratios (OR)=0.28, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.16-0.48, P=0.0001; exsmokers: OR=4.36, 95%CI: 1.46-13.04, P=0.008]. Positive family history of IBD was a risk factor (OR=4.35, 95%CI: 1.21-15.71, P=0.025) whereas appendectomy was a protective factor (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.86, P=0.028) for UC. There were no significant associations between UC and other factors examined. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of UC in Chinese is relatively lower than that in white, the same risk factors for UC that were reported in white populations were associated with Chinese UC patients. Specifically, smoking was a protective factor for UC and exsmoking was associated with an increase risk of UC in a Chinese population. Family history of IBD was shown to be a risk for UC, whereas appendectomy was associated with a low risk for UC.