侧卧位血压变化的研究

目的 观察侧卧位时左右臂血压的变化.方法 随机抽取50人进行平卧、左侧卧、右侧卧双上肢血压测量,对数据进行统计学处理.结果 侧卧位双上肢血压有明显差异;平卧位双上肢血压无明显差异;左侧卧左上肢、右侧卧右上肢的收缩压与平卧位双上肢收缩压无明显差异.结论 患者不得不侧卧位时,测血压应测位于下方的上肢,并标明体位及肢体.     

侧卧位对无创血压的影响

目的：通过测量正常人平卧、侧卧血压数值,找到差异,为医疗活动提供数据。方法：随机抽取60例,用无创血压监护仪测量不同体位下双上肢血压的数据进行自身对照。结果：平卧位时双上肢血压差异无显著性P〉0.05;侧卧位时双上肢血压差异有显著性P〈0.05;侧卧位同侧上肢的血压与平卧位血压差异无显著性P〉0.05,侧卧位对侧上肢血压与平卧位血压差异有显著性P〈0.05。结论：侧卧位对血压是有影响的,侧卧位的血压和平卧位的血压不同。     

四肢血压测量在急诊分诊中的应用

目的探讨四肢血压测量在急诊分诊中的意义。方法选择2012年7月—2013年6月急诊科就诊的血压异常患者共258例为研究对象,应用汞式血压计测量四肢血压,并计算踝臂血压指数,踝臂血压指数0.9或踝臂血压指数1.3为异常组,0.9≤踝臂血压指数≤1.3为正常组,追踪两组临床诊断。结果左侧上肢的收缩压、舒张压与右侧上肢的收缩压、舒张压比较,左侧下肢的收缩压、舒张压与右侧下肢的收缩压、舒张压比较,差异均无统计学意义,患者下肢收缩压比同侧收缩压高(10.8±2.3)和(10.9±3.1)mmHg,舒张压差距较小(1.4±0.8)和(2.0±0.9)mmHg。左侧上肢收缩压比右侧上肢高(5 mmHg)者占29.0%,右侧上肢收缩压比左侧上肢高者占23.7%;左侧上肢舒张压比右侧上肢高(5 mmHg)者占25.6%,右侧上肢舒张压比左侧上肢高者占19.0%,差异均无统计学意义,下肢血压与上肢血压统计结果相似,也无统计学意义。踝臂血压指数异常组诊断主动脉夹层13例,正常组诊断主动脉夹层3例,经比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=160.1103,P=0.0001)。结论四肢血压测定便于更为精确地获取患者的血压值,从而提高对高血压的诊断水平,能识别血管事件的高危人群,早期发现潜在威胁生命的疾病。     

健康青少年女性不同体位右肱动脉血压的研究

目的：研究健康青少年女性不同体位时右肱动脉血压的差异。方法规范测量200名健康青少年女性坐位、平卧位、站立位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位时的血压并进行比较。结果收缩压由高到低依次是坐位、左侧卧位、平卧位、右侧卧位、站立位;舒张压由高到低依次是坐位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位、平卧位、站立位。坐位右肱动脉收缩压、舒张压高于平卧位,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;左侧卧位右肱动脉收缩压、舒张压高于平卧位,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;站立位右肱动脉收缩压、舒张压低于平卧位,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论不同的体位可以影响右肱动脉的血压,临床记录血压测量值时要标明体位和肢体。     

45°、90°侧卧位时中心静脉压零点位置的研究

目的 通过测定45°、90°侧卧位中心静脉压(CVP)与平卧位CVP的差异,探讨侧卧位时CVP的零点位置.方法 择期需要气管插管全麻的手术患者50例,在同一时段先后分别采用不同体位(侧卧位与平卧位)测量CVP,然后侧卧位下移动传感器,标记CVP值与平卧位时值相同时传感器在胸壁上的位置,同时记录血压、心率、SpO2、呼吸的变化.结果 右侧45°、90°和左侧90°侧卧位时,与平卧位测出CVP差异明显,左侧45.时与平卧位CVP相比差异无统计学意义;右侧45.、9伊卧位时CVP平均分别增高1.18 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、1.32 mm Hg,左侧45.、90.卧位时CVP时平均下降0.34 mm Hg、0.85mm Hg;4种卧位零点分别位于右侧腋前线的左侧(0.8±0.4)cm、右侧胸骨缘线上方(0.8±0.2) cm、左侧腋前线右侧(0.3±0.2)cm、左侧胸骨缘线下方(2.2±0.3)cm.4种卧位时的MAP、心率、SpO2及呼吸频率与平卧位时的相应指标值比较差异无统计学意义.结论 通过研究侧卧位对CVP的影响,确定零点位置,不仅可方便CVP的临床监测,还可避免因患者监测CVP被迫或被动平卧位带来的不适与并发症.     

探讨食管癌手术体位的变化对血压的干预

目的 探讨食管癌手术患者体位的变化对血压的干预，预防循环系统的并发症确保患者安全。方法将100例高龄食管癌侧卧位手术患者随机分组，Ⅰ组：手术毕全麻药物停止后，观察患者侧卧位时血压情况及手术毕侧卧位转变成平卧位1min、2min、3min时血压情况；Ⅱ组：手术毕全麻药物停止后，患者侧卧90°位时血压情况，侧卧90。位一侧卧45°位1min、侧卧45°位一平卧位1min血流动力学变化。结果侧卧位转变为平卧时血压有不同程度下降，尤其在侧卧位转变为平卧位1min时下降最明显，P〈0．05；而由侧卧90°位一侧卧45°位一平卧位逐步转变时，血压变化不大，P〈0．05，差异无显著意义。结论全麻侧卧位转变为平卧位时血压有明显波动，尤其是老年患者，侧卧位转变为平卧位时，可采用逐步放平身体的方法，即由侧卧90°位一侧卧45°位一平卧位，患者的血压波动较小。     

不同体位动态血压监测的对比研究

目的了解不同体位对动态血压测量值的影响。方法对120例动态血压监测的患者,选用右上肢肱动脉测压法,分别测量仰卧位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位、坐位、站立位时的血压,比较不同体位动态血压测量值的差异。结果与仰卧位时动态血压测量结果比较,左侧卧位时收缩压平均低17．07mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,舒张压平均低13．34mmHg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;右侧卧位时收缩压平均低1．22mmHg,舒张压平均低0．24mmHg,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论选用右上肢肱动脉动态血压监测时,右侧卧位、坐位、站立位时与仰卧位时动态血压测量的结果无明显变化,左侧卧位时动态血压测量的结果低于仰卧位时动态血压测量的结果。     

监护仪测血压不同卧位与上肢压迫时间的对比研究

目的 探讨用监护仪测右上肢肱动脉血压,不同卧位与上肢压迫时间所得血压的对比研究.方法 对90例患者,选用右上肢肱动脉测压法,分别用监护仪测量仰卧位、右侧卧位30 min、右侧卧位60 min,左侧卧位30 min、左侧卧位60min时的血压.结果 仰卧位时收缩压平均(123.34±19.56)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),右侧卧位30min、右侧卧位60 min时收缩压平均(124.34±l8.43)mmHg,(124.40±18.30)mmHg,与仰卧位时比较(P＞0.05),差别无统计学意义;仰卧位时舒张压平均(76.16±10.34)mmHg,右侧卧位30 min、60 min时舒张压平均(74.52±9.62)mmHg、(75.55±9.60)mmHg,与仰卧位时比较(P＞0.05),差别无统计学意义;仰卧位时收缩压平均(125.34±19.60)mmHg,左侧卧位30 min、左侧卧位60 min时收缩压平均(113.01±21.13)mmHg、(113.03±21.14)mmHg,与仰卧位时比较(P＜0.05),差别有统计学意义.左侧卧位30 min、左侧卧位60 min舒张压平均(60.56±11.08)mmHg、(60.54±11.05)mmHg,与仰卧位时比较(P＜0.05),差别有统计学意义.结论 选用右上肢肱动脉用监护仪测压时,右侧卧位30 min、右侧卧位60 min与仰卧位无创血压测量无明显变化,左侧卧位时无创血压测量的结果显著低于仰卧位时无创血压测量的结果,收缩压平均低14.47 mmHg,舒张压平均低14.17 mmHg.     

体位改变对心脏术后应用血管活性药物患者血压影响的研究

目的探讨体位改变对心脏术后应用血管活性药物患者血压的影响,为临床医护工作提供指导。方法应用PHILIPS（飞利浦）MP60心电监护仪动态观察57例心脏术后应用血管活性药物的患者在平卧位、头高30°半卧位、测压臂侧卧位及非测压臂侧卧位稳定时的血压值及体位改变过程中的血压峰值,并用医用秒表记录峰值持续时间,应用SPSS16．0对舒张压资料进行配对,检验。结果与平卧位比较,头高30°半卧位时收缩压无明显改变,舒张压及脉压改变差异有显著意义;测压臂侧卧位的血压无明显变化;非测压臂侧卧位收缩压、舒张压均降低,差异有显著意义（P≤0．05）;翻身至侧卧位过程中血压明显增高,峰值持续时间11～46S不等。结论心脏术后患者体位改变时血压波动明显,血管活性药物可有效调节波动的幅度及峰值持续时间。     

手术体位改变对患者血压的影响

目的为观察手术患者体位改变时血压的变化,预防因体位变化而引起的不良反应。方法将60例高龄食管癌侧卧位手术患者随机分组,Ⅰ组:手术毕全麻药物停止后,观察患者侧卧位时血压情况及手术毕侧卧位转变成平卧位1 min、2 min、3 min时血压情况;Ⅱ组:手术毕全麻药物停止后,患者侧卧90°位时血压情况,侧卧90°位→侧卧45°位1 min、侧卧45°位→平卧位1 min血流动力学变化。结果侧卧位转变为平卧时血压有不同程度下降,尤其在侧卧位转变为平卧位1 min时下降最明显,P<0.05;而由侧卧90°位→侧卧45°位→平卧位逐步转变时,血压变化不大,P>0.05,差异无显著意义。结论全麻侧卧位转变为平卧位时血压有明显波动,尤其是老年患者,侧卧位转变为平卧位时,可采用逐步放平身体的方法,即由侧卧90°位→侧卧45°位→平卧位,患者的血压波动较小。     

高血压患者不同体位动态血压的监测

目的了解高血压患者仰卧位、侧卧位、坐位、站立位动态血压测量有否不同。方法对51例动态血压监测的高血压患者,选用右上肢肱动脉测压法,分别测量不同体位的血压。结果仰卧位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位、坐位、站立位时的收缩压平均分别是152.10±14.55、129.21±14.92、150.42±15.54、149.87±14.84、147.85±12.67 mm Hg;舒张压平均分别是87.81±6.92、70.83±8.32、88.33±11.52、88.81±9.15、87.25±11.15 mm Hg。与仰卧位时动态血压测量的结果比较,左侧卧位时收缩压平均低22.89 mm Hg,舒张压平均低16.98 mm Hg,P<0.01;右侧卧位时收缩压平均低1.68 mm Hg,舒张压平均高0.52 mm Hg,P>0.05;坐位时收缩压平均低2.23 mm Hg,舒张压平均高1.00 mm Hg,P>0.05;站立位时收缩压平均低4.25 mm Hg,舒张压平均低0.56 mm Hg,P>0.05。结论高血压患者右侧卧位、坐位、站立位时与仰卧位时动态血压测量的结果无明显变化,左侧卧位时动态血压测量的结果显著低于仰卧位时动态血压测量的结果。     

青年学生左右上肢肱动脉血压差异性的研究

[目的]探讨青年学生左右上肢肱动脉血压差异性。[方法]对233例在校学生使用汞柱式血压计测量左右上肢肱动脉血压,听第一声搏动音、搏动音变弱与搏动音消失值,比较左右上肢肱动脉血压的差异性。[结果]左上肢和右上肢收缩压、舒张压差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;左右上肢舒张压搏动音变弱消失和搏动音不变弱消失差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]青年学生左右上肢肱动脉血压存在差异;左右上肢舒张压搏动音变弱消失和搏动音不变弱消失存在差异;舒张压一般应以消失音为准,如有变弱音不消失时,应以变弱音为准。     

The effect of different body positions on blood pressure

Aim. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of different body on BP readings in a Turkish healthy young adults. Background. It is known that many factors influence an individual's blood pressure measurement. However, guideliness for accurately measuring blood pressure inconsistently specify that patient's position and they should keep feet flat on the floor. Although there are more information on arm position in blood pressure measurement, surprisingly little information can be found in the literature with respect to the influence of body position on the blood pressure readings in healthy young people. Methods. A total of 157 healthy young students who had accepted to participate in the study were randomly selected. In all subjects the blood pressure was measured subsequently in four positions: Sitting blood pressure was taken from the left arm, which was flexed at the elbow and supported at the heart level on the chair. After at least one minute of standing, the blood pressure was then taken standing, with the arm supported at the elbow and the cuff at the heart level. After one minute of rest, the blood pressure was subsequently taken supine position. Finally, after one minute the blood pressure was again taken in this last position with supine position with crossed legs. Results. The blood pressure tended to drop in the standing position compared with the sitting, supine and supine with crossed legs. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the highest in supine position when compared the other positions. There was a difference between systolic blood pressures and this was statistically significant (P < 0·001) but the difference between diastolic blood pressure was not statistically significant (P > 0·05). All changes in systolic blood pressure were statistically significant except those from supine to supine position with crossed legs. Relevance to clinical practice. When assessing blood pressure it is important to take the position of the patient into consideration. Also, blood pressure measurement must be taken in sitting position with the arms supported at the right a trial level.     

两种体位对不同血压计血压测量值的影响

目的探讨坐位与卧位对电子血压计和汞柱血压计测量值差异的影响,以便在临床工作中正确使用电子血压计及指导患者正确地使用电子血压计进行自测血压。方法对142例查体患者在坐位和卧位时由2名护士分别使用电子血压计和汞柱血压计测量左、右臂的收缩压和舒张压,比较两种血压计血压测量值的差异。结果坐位时电子血压计和汞柱血压计所测得的左臂收缩压、左臂舒张压、右臂收缩压、右臂舒张压差异无统计学意义（t=-0．315,1．560,-1．472,1．156,P〉0．05）。卧位时电子血压计和汞柱血压计所测得的左臂收缩压差异无统计学意义（t=-0．370,P〉0．05）,但卧位时左臂舒张压、右臂收缩压、右臂舒张压差异有统计学意义（t=5．172,-5．402,2．979,P〈0．05）。结论坐位测量血压时,电子血压计可以替代汞柱血压计。     

The Normal Difference in Bilateral Indirect Blood Pressure Recordings in Hypertensive Individuals

OBJECTIVE: If there is a significant dichotomy between bilateral systolic blood pressure determinations in both arms in hypertensive individuals, it is often taken as a sign of underlying pathology. The primary objective was to determine what the normal variation might be for a significant difference between blood pressures in both arms. A clinically significant difference was chosen as a systolic blood pressure value greater than 10 mm Hg between the upper extremities, as is commonly quoted at the bedside and in the literature. METHODS: Bilateral indirect blood pressure determinations were obtained in 100 subjects with hypertension in the sitting position. The blood pressure was obtained by two observers, one the recorder and the other who obtained the blood pressure but was blinded to the actual values taken. The order of blood pressure determination in the first arm was determined prior to the study from a table of random numbers. The coefficient of variation in obtaining the blood pressure in each arm was determined in 5 of the 100 subjects. The age, sex, and handedness of each individual were recorded as demographic variables. RESULTS: The average left and right systolic blood pressures were 139 +/- 22 and 141 +/- 22 mm Hg, respectively. The average left and right diastolic blood pressures were 78 +/- 12 and 79 +/- 13 mm Hg, respectively. There was no significant difference between left minus right systolic or diastolic differences (paired t-test). There was no significant difference between systolic or diastolic blood pressures between gender or between left- and right-handed individuals (nonpaired t-test). The average coefficients of variation for taking right and left arm systolic pressures were 2.90% and 1.32%, respectively. Eighteen subjects (18%) had differences in systolic blood pressure between both arms exceeding 10 mm Hg (10% to 26%, 95% confidence interval). CONCLUSIONS: Differences of more than 10 mm Hg in indirect systolic blood pressure recordings between arms are frequent in asymptomatic hypertensive individuals and do not per se indicate any pathologic condition. In the right clinical situation, differences that are noted should be repeated and should be added to the total clinical picture when used to determine whether a pathologic condition is present. Assuming no significant aortic or subclavian disease in the population tested, the specificity of the bilateral blood pressure test was 82%.     

Difference in systolic blood pressure between arm and ankle region in children 0–15 years old

Summary. Arm and ankle systolic blood pressure was measured in a supine position in 95 children aged between 2 days and 16 years using either the ultrasound Doppler technique (0–6 years) or the strain-gauge technique (7–16 years). Among children below 1 year of age, the ankle systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than the arm blood pressure and lowest when recorded over the dorsal pedal artery as compared to the post-tibia1 artery. Children over 1 year of age had a higher ankle systolic blood pressure compared to the arm which corresponds to earlier findings among adults. The study indicates that lower limb systolic pressure is greater than upper limb systolic pressure but first demonstrable at the time when the babies begin to stand or walk. These findings might be used in evaluation of children suspected for aortic coarctation.     

手术体位对采用脾蒂结扎法行腹腔镜下脾脏切除术的影响

目的探讨不同手术体位对采用脾蒂结扎法行腹腔镜脾脏切除术(LS)的影响。方法对采用脾蒂结扎法行LS的73例病例资料进行回顾性分析,比较仰卧分腿位、右斜卧位和完全右侧卧位采用脾蒂结扎法行LS的优缺点及影响。结果该组采用仰卧分腿位22例,右侧斜卧位27例,完全右侧卧位24例。采用完全右侧卧位和右侧斜卧位的手术时间明显少于采用仰卧分腿位的手术时间(P0.05),采用仰卧分腿位、完全右侧卧位和右侧斜卧位3组术中出血量、住院时间依次递减,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脾蒂结扎法是LS较好地处理脾蒂的方法。采用仰卧分腿位、右斜卧位和完全右侧卧位行LS,3种体位各有优缺点,右斜卧位完全可以满足大多LS的操作要求和空间暴露,完全右侧卧位更加便于较大体积脾脏的腹腔镜下切除,把握好适应证,掌握3种体位的优缺点是关键。     

The normal difference in bilateral indirect blood pressure recordings in normotensive individuals

If there is a significant dichotomy between bilateral blood pressure determinations in both arms, it is often taken as a sign of some type of underlying pathology. We wished to evaluate what the normal variation might be for significant differences between blood pressures in both arms. Significant difference was arbitrarily chosen as a systolic blood pressure value greater than 10 mm Hg. Bilateral indirect blood pressure determinations were obtained in 100 subjects with no known history of hypertension in the sitting position. The blood pressure was obtained by 2 observers, one who recorded the systolic and diastolic blood pressure as announced by the person taking the blood pressures who was blinded to the actual values taken. The coefficient of variation in obtaining the blood pressures in each arm was determined in 5 of the 100 subjects. The age, sex, and handedness of each individual were recorded as demographic variables. The average left and right systolic blood pressures were 112.1 +/- 16.5 and 112.7 +/- 16.3 mm Hg, respectively. The average left and right diastolic pressures were 64.4 +/- 11.6 and 63.5 +/- 9.9 mm Hg, respectively. There was no significant difference between left minus right systolic or diastolic differences (Student's paired t-test). There were no significant differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure between gender or between right and left handed individuals (non-paired t-test). The average coefficients of variation for right and left arm systolic blood pressures were 5.41% and 5.81%, respectively. Fifteen subjects had differences in systolic blood pressure between both arms exceeding 10 mm Hg (7% to 22%, 95% confidence interval). Differences of more than 10 mm Hg in indirect bilateral blood pressure recordings are frequent in normotensive individuals and probably do not per se indicate any abnormal pathology. In the right clinical situation, differences that are noted should probably be repeated and should be added to the total clinical picture when used to determine whether a pathologic condition is present.