连续小波变换方法测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量

目的：采用连续小波变换方法测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液中硫酸阿托品含量。方法：用紫外分光光度法分别测定硫酸阿托品对照液和硫酸阿托品混合液的吸收光谱，并对紫外吸收光谱数据进行连续小波变换，提取只与硫酸阿托品有关的特征小波系数。结果：用特征小波系数建立线性回归方程，硫酸阿托品的线性范围为0．06～0．48g·L^-1（r=0．9991）平均回收率为100．51％（n=5），RSD为0．59％。日内RSD为1．00％～1．42％，日间RSD为2．31％～3．24％。结论：本法与传统的方法相比，要求条件较低，不需要物理或化学的分离，分析速度快，精确也较高，适用于该制剂的含量测定。     

硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量测定方法比较

目的：评价医院制剂硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量测定的三种分析方法,以选用适宜的分析方法更好地控制其质量。方法：采用中和滴定法、改进的中和滴定法、高效液相色谱法对硫酸阿托品滴眼液的含量进行测定。结果：硫酸阿托品空白滴眼液或水和有机相三氯甲烷、乙醇混合后,均不同程度地消耗氢氧化钠滴定液（0．02M）导致结果偏高。高效液相色谱法检测阿托品滴眼液在40．0—160．0μg·ml^-1范围内,峰高与浓度呈良好线性关系（r=0．9998）,平均回收率为100．5％,RSD为0．93％。结论：通过三种分析方法测定结果的比较．均符合质量标准要求,改进的中和滴定法和高效液相色谱法对硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量测定较为准确。     

复方硫酸阿托品滴眼液中硫酸阿托品含量测定方法研究

目的：研究复方硫酸阿托品滴眼液中硫酸阿托品的含量测定方法。方法：采用酸性染料比色法测定硫酸阿托品的含量,检测波长420nm。结果：硫酸阿托品在2．5～20μg／ml浓度范围内与吸收值呈线性关系(1=0．9980),平均回收率为99．6％（RSD=0．91％．n=5)。结论：该法不受pH值变化及处方中其它成分的影响,简便、快速、准确。     

电荷转移络合分光光度法测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量

目的 建立用电荷转移络合分光光度法测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液含量的方法。方法 利用碘与硫酸阿托品在二氯乙烷中形成电荷转移络合物的原理，在237nm波长处测定硫酸阿托品。结果 平均回收率为99．72％，RSD为0．61％，在4.0-20．Oμg／mL浓度范围内线性良好，r=0．9997。结论 本法简便、准确，可用于测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定硫酸阿托品片的含量

目的建立测定硫酸阿托品片中硫酸阿托品含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法以甲醇-水(50：50)加0．05％三乙胺，用磷酸调pH5．8为流动相，Hypersil C18为分析柱，紫外检测波长为210nm。结果硫酸阿托品在40～400μg／ml浓度范围内线性良好，r=0．9999，平均回收率为100．0％，RSD为1．41％。结论本法简便、快速、灵敏，可作为该制剂质量控制的有效方法。     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法测定维U颠茄铝胶囊中硫酸阿托品的含量

目的：建立一种快速测定硫酸阿托品的电化学发光分析新方法。方法：基于硫酸阿托品对二联吡啶钌在铂电极上的电致发光信号有增敏作用，与毛细管电泳结合，建立一种快速、灵敏、准确的测定制剂中硫酸阿托品含量的方法。结果：在优化的实验条件下，硫酸阿托品在1．0×10^-4～1．0×10^-6mol·L^-1范围内呈良好线性（r=0．9978）；检出限（3σ）为3．0×10^-7mol·L^-1，回收率为87％～91％，RSD小于5％。峰高和迁移时间的RSD分别为4．3％和1．2％（n=6）。结论：本法与高效液相色谱法相比，具有检出限低和线性范围宽的优点，可用于维U颠茄铝胶囊的质量控制及相关药物的含量检测。     

离子对比色法测定硫酸阿托品眼膏含量

目的建立离子对比色法测定硫酸阿托品眼膏中硫酸阿托品的含量。方法在一定pH值介质中,硫酸阿托品与酸性染料溴甲酚绿结合成稳定的离子对,用氯仿提取离子对,并在420nm波长处测定其吸收度。结果以氯仿为溶媒,测定离子对的吸收度．并计算硫酸阿托品的含量,其平均回收率为99．7％,RSD=0．69％（n=5）,与《中国医院制剂规范》采用的中和法比较,经统计学检验,t=0．124,t0.25,10=2．228,t〈t0.25,10。两者无显著性差异。结论本方法快捷、简便,是硫酸阿托品眼膏含量测定又一方法,适合医院制剂快速分析。     

反高效液相色谱法测定硫酸阿托品注射液的含量

目的：建立测定硫酸阿托品注射液含量的反高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱：Diamonsil C18（2）（5μm,250＆#215;4．6mm）;流动相：0．05mol /L 磷酸二氢钠溶液（含0．0025mol/l 的庚烷磺酸钠,溶液用氢氧化钠调 pH 值至5．0）-乙腈（82∶18）,流速：1ml /min,检测波长：210nm;柱温30℃;进样体积：20μl。结果在2．5～200μg/ml 的范围内,硫酸阿托品的浓度与峰面积线性关系良好（R ＝0．99999）,低、中、高浓度的回收率分别为99．42％、99．46％和99．79％,RSD 值分别为0．42％、0．63％和0．25％。结论高效液相色谱法用于测定硫酸阿托品注射液含量的专属性强、准确度高、重复性好、可作为该制剂质量控制的一种有效的手段。     

维U颠茄铝胶囊中硫酸阿托品含量测定方法改进

目的改进维U颠茄铝胶囊中硫酸阿托品的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,色谱柱为Thermo ODS C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以三乙胺磷酸溶液（取三乙胺4mL,加水500mL,加磷酸1．8mL,加水至1000mL）-乙腈（85：15）为流动相,检测波长为206nm。结果硫酸阿托品质量浓度线性范围为2．25～13．56μg／mL（r=0．9996）,平均回收率为99．2％,RSD=0．9％（n=6）。结论所建立的方法可准确测定样品中硫酸阿托品含量。     

有机磷中毒治疗中高热的临床分析及护理

目的：分析有机磷中毒治疗中高热诸多因素及护理对策。方法：选择170例有机磷中毒治疗中发热的不同时间及发热程度进行分析。结果：170例发热中治愈164例,治愈率为96．4％;死亡2例,死亡率为1．2％,因经济困难自动放弃4例,占2．4％。结论：有机磷农药中毒治疗中高热的原因主要有阿托品药理作用,阿托品过量、感染、季节、禁食等有关;护理对策：密切观察病情变化,物理降温,预防感染及对症处理．这些措施可指导阿托品正确用量．提高抢救成功率．     

0.04%硫酸阿托品滴眼液的制备与质量控制

目的:建立0.04%硫酸阿托品滴眼液的制备工艺及其质量控制方法。方法:取硫酸阿托品与辅料制成浓度为0.04%的微量硫酸阿托品滴眼液,以乙腈-水(55∶45)为流动相,采用高效液相色谱法测定硫酸阿托品的含量。结果:所得制剂为无色澄明液体;硫酸阿托品检测浓度线性范围为10～60μg/ml(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.2%(RSD=0.95%,n=9)。结论:该制剂制备工艺简单,含量测定方法简便、准确,质量可控。     

三磷酸腺苷与阿托品合用治疗室上性心动过速的疗效

目的：探讨三磷酸腺苷与阿托品合用在治疗室上性心动过速（PSVT）中的疗效。方法：将三磷酸腺苷（ATP）20mg加阿托品1mg快速静注,并与单用ATP20mg快速静注作为对照,无效可重给药。结果：有效率ATP与阿托品合用组为85％,单用ATP组为73％,而缓慢性心律失常的发生率前者较后者低。结论：ATP与阿托品合用治疗PSVT,方法简单、快速有效。     

Stability of atropine sulfate prepared for mass chemical terrorism

BACKGROUND: Preparedness for chemical terrorism includes the procurement of the appropriate pharmacological antagonists. A large emphasis has been placed on having a sufficient quantity of atropine available to treat patients exposed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as sarin. Severe exposures may necessitate the administration of large amounts of atropine and dictate the need to prepare significant quantities of extemporaneously compounded atropine solution to respond to mass numbers of casualties over the first 24-48 hours postexposure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project was to determine the stability of a 1 mg/mL atropine solution prepared in multidose IV solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride over a 72-hr period stored at varying temperatures. METHODS: Atropine sulfate solution 1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride was prepared from sterile pharmaceutical-grade atropine sulfate powder. Multidose bags of atropine sulfate (100 mL) were stored at controlled temperatures of 4 degrees C to 8 degrees C, 20 degrees C to 25 degrees C, and 32 degrees C to 36 degrees C for 3 days and covered with an amber occlusive cover to minimize exposure to light. Six samples from each bag were drawn at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after preparation and compared with a time zero control sample. The samples were assayed using United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for atropine sulfate injection. The USP standard of 95% for atropine sulfate stability was used as the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Atropine sulfate 1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride was stable for at least 72hr at 4 degrees C to 8 degrees C (percent initial concentration ranging from 96.5% to 103.4%), 20 degrees C to 25 degrees C (percent initial concentration ranging from 98.7% to 100.2%), and 32 degrees C to 36 degrees C (percent initial concentration ranging from 98.3% to 102.8%). Because the IV bags were protected from light during this study, we recommend this practice after preparing the atropine solution. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of atropine necessary to treat hundreds to thousands of victims of a chemical attack is immense. The extemporaneous preparation of atropine solution from pharmaceutical-grade powder eliminates concerns about the storage of excessive quantities of atropine. A 1 mg/mL solution is stable for at least 3 days, allowing for use during the most critical treatment periods after exposure.     

Pralidoxime in carbaryl poisoning: an animal model

INTRODUCTION: Poisoning from organophosphates and carbamates is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concerns have been expressed over the safety and efficacy of the use of oximes such as pralidoxime (2-PAM) in patients with carbamate poisoning in general, and more so with carbaryl poisoning specifically. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of 2-PAM in a mouse model of lethal carbaryl poisoning. METHODS: Female ICR Swiss Albino mice weighing 25-30 g were acclimated to the laboratory and housed in standard conditions. One hundred and ten mice received an LD50 dose of carbaryl subcutaneously. Ten minutes later, they were randomized by block randomization to one of eight treatment groups: normal saline control, atropine alone, 100 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine, 50 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine, and 25 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine. All medications were given intraperitoneally and the atropine dose was constant at 4 mg/kg. The single objective endpoint was defined as survival to 24 hours. Fatalities were compared using a Chi squared or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Following an LD50 of carbaryl, 60% of the animals died. Atropine alone statistically improved survival (15% lethality). High dose 2-PAM with and without atropine was numerically worse, but not statistically different from control. While the middle dose of 2-PAM was no different than control, the addition of atropine improved survival (10% fatality). Low-dose 2-PAM statistically improved survival (25% lethality). Atropine further reduced lethality to 10%. CONCLUSION: When appropriately dosed, 2-PAM alone protects against carbaryl poisoning in mice. Failure to demonstrate this benefit in other models may be the result of oxime overdose.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定戒毒药（康灵片）中微量东莨菪碱的含量

目的：用液液萃取法从复方中药戒毒制剂康灵片中撮分离出微量东莨菪碱，并采用氯相色谱（ＧＣ／ＦＩＤ）内标法测定东莨菪碱含量。方法：用Ｕｎｔｒｌ１（ＨＰ）ＳＥ－３０ＴＦＮ ＸＬ ＴＰ ＳＹ （２５Ｍ＊０．２２ｍｍ，０．３３μｍ），柱温为２５０℃，检测器为ＦＩＤ。检测器为ＦＩＤ。结果：东莨菪碱的回收率为９７．９７％，ＲＳＤ为１．８％，结论：方法灵敏度高，测定结果准确可靠。     

HPLC法测定华山参滴丸中东莨菪碱、阿托品及东莨菪内酯的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定华山参滴丸中东莨菪碱、阿托品及东莨菪内酯的含量。方法:采用资生堂CAPCELL-PAK C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-甲醇-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(15∶4∶81)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,东莨菪碱、阿托品检测波长210 nm(0～15 min),东莨菪内酯检测波长为344 nm(15.1～30 min),柱温30℃。结果:东莨菪碱、阿托品及东莨菪内酯的线性范围分别为0.04～3.95,0.04～4.10,0.05～0.54μg(r=0.9999);平均回收率(n=6)分别为97.58%(RSD=1.3%),98.65%(RSD=1.3%),98.42%(RSD=1.8%)。结论:本文方法简便、准确,可以用于华山参滴丸中东莨菪碱、阿托品及东莨菪内酯的含量测定。     

氯胺酮静脉麻醉在人工流产中的应用

目的 :观察氯胺酮配伍阿托品、胃复安在人工流产中的疗效。方法 :对 2 0 0例早孕妇女在常规消毒的同时 ,静脉注射氯胺酮 0 2mgkg- 1、阿托品 0 2 5mg、胃复安 10mg ,观察麻醉效果、宫口松弛、人工流产综合征 (PAAS)发生率及出血量、血压 ,脉搏的变化。结果 :氯胺酮配伍阿托品、胃复安应用于人工流产术 ,镇痛效果明显 ,有效率达 10 0 % ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 0 1) ,宫口松弛与对照组比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,无一例发生PAAS ,与对照组比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。血压、心率无明显变化 ,出血量与对照组比较无显著差异。结论 :氯胺酮加阿托品、胃复安静脉注射 ,是人工流产术适宜麻醉之一 ,效果良好。     

阿托品喷鼻剂治疗变应性鼻炎鼻漏

目的 :验证阿托品喷鼻剂治疗变应性鼻炎鼻漏的安全、有效性。方法 :选择变应性鼻炎鼻漏12 0例 ,其中男性 67例、女性 5 3例 ,年龄 (32±s 9)a ,6～ 5 9a ,病程 3mo～ 37a ;擤鼻后每侧鼻腔内喷阿托品喷鼻剂 0 .10mL ,qid ,连用 2wk。结果 :有效率 95 .8% ,未见不良反应。结论 :0 .0 5 %阿托品鼻腔内喷药治疗变应性鼻炎鼻漏是安全、有效的     

A simple and sensitive GC/MS method for the determination of atropine during therapy of anticholinesterase poisoning in serum samples

Atropine is used in the daily clinical practice for the treatment of poisonings caused by anticholinesterase pesticides, due to its sympathomimetic action. The investigation of the cause of the adverse effects that appear during atropine administration showed the necessity for the development and validation of a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of atropine levels in serum samples. The developed method includes liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate: dichloromethane (3:1, v/v) and derivatization using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoracetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorsilane (TMCS) in acetonitrile environment. The method was found to be selective, linear, accurate, and precise according to international guidelines. The recovery was higher than 85.9%, the limit of quantification was 2.00?ng/ml, and the calibration curve was linear within the range of 2.00-500?ng/ml (R(2) ≥?0.992). Accuracy and precision were also calculated and were found to be less than 5.2 and 8.7%, respectively. The developed method was applied in a real case of accidental poisoning with chlorpyrifos in order to determine the atropine serum levels of the patient. The proposed method proved to be useful for the investigation of adverse effects that appear during atropine treatment of patients poisoned by anticholinesterase pesticides and it can also be used for the investigation of poisonings caused after consumption of atropine containing plants.     

儿童弱视眼屈光不正与弱视的关系

目的：探讨阿托品散瞳后儿童弱视眼屈光不正与弱视的关系。方法：门诊随机选择3～12岁矫正视力低于0.8儿童146例,采用国际标准E字视力表查视力,1%阿托品眼膏散瞳5天后,先行电脑验光再行检影试片验光。结果：146例儿童中,远视发生率68.2%,近视发生率31.8%,远/近视合并散光的比例占85%,散光类型以顺规散光为主,弱视眼矫正视力与屈光度数和的Pearson相关系数r=-0.557。结论：近视、远视、混合散光是造成儿童弱视的重要原因,弱视眼屈光不正度数和越大弱视程度越大。