临床16种眼药水的药理物理化学配伍禁忌

临床应用眼药水剂，经常发生共同使用问题。为避免药物疗效的减弱或消失，甚至产生毒性反应，我们在查阅大量资料的基础上，结合实验，临床实际应用，制作临床１６种眼药水的药理、物理、化学配伍禁忌表。便于查阅、增强药物疗效、配合临床应用，将有很大意义。     

《临床合理用药杂志》征稿启事

《临床合理用药杂志》是由国家新闻出版总署批准创办的综合性医药卫生类学术期刊，本刊由河北省科学技术协会主管，河北省科技协会、中国全科医学杂志社主办。中国标准连续出版物号：ISSN 1674-3296，CN 13-1389/ R；国内邮发代号：18-115。本刊宗旨：开展临床用药学术研究，探讨临床药物合理应用，传播与交流药物合理应用学术信息，促进临床药物合理应用科研与学术工作的开展，介绍国外临床药物合理应用信息，提供专家指导临床合理用药学术平台。     

铂类药物的毒性作用与预防措施

铂类药物是临床应用最广泛的抗恶性肿瘤药物之一，但此类药物均存在不同程度的毒性反应，从而限制了临床应用。如何预防和减轻其各种不良反应，是当前临床应用中必须要解决的课题。该文作者对铂类药物在肾脏、神经系统、消化系统、耳、骨髓等方面的毒性反应，提出了多种预防和减轻的方法。对铂类药物在临床应用和研究中有一定的指导意义。     

临床合理用药杂志学术版稿约

《临床合理用药杂志》是由国家新闻出版总署批准新创办的综合性医药卫生类学术期刊，本刊由河北省科技协会主管，河北省科技协会、中国全科医学杂志社主办。中国标准连续出版物号：ISSN1674—3296，CN13—1389／R；国内邮发代号：18—115。本刊宗旨：开展临床用药学术研究，探讨临床药物合理应用，传播与交流药物合理应用学术信息，促进临床药物合理应用科研与学术工作的开展，介绍国外临床药物合理应用信息，提供专家指导临床合理用药学术平台。     

临床合理用药杂志学术版稿约

《临床合理用药杂志》是由国家新闻出版总署批准新创办的综合性医药卫生类学术期刊，本刊由河北省科技协会主管，河北省科技协会、中国全科医学杂志社主办。中国标准连续出版物号：ISSN1674—3296，CN13—1389／R；国内邮发代号：18—115。本刊宗旨：开展临床用药学术研究，探讨临床药物合理应用，传播与交流药物合理应用学术信息，促进临床药物合理应用科研与学术工作的开展，介绍国外临床药物合理应用信息，提供专家指导临床合理用药学术平台。     

中药临床应用的适当性探索

目的 探讨和阐述中药临床应用的适当性原则，提高临床中药师运用适当性原则指导临床用药的技能，促进临床合理用药。方法 通过文献梳理及理论分析，结合中医药理论基础以及中药临床应用的复杂性，探讨中药临床应用的适当性原则，明确中药临床应用"适当性"的学术内涵。结果 中药临床应用的适当性表现在用药过程的各个环节，是合理用药的基本要求之一。中药临床应用适当性的基本内容应充分考虑用药对象、适当的药物、适当的剂量及疗程、适当的给药途径和煎煮方式、适当的服药方法、适当的治疗目标等各个用药环节。结论 中药临床应用的适当性是合理用药的基本要求，将适当的药品，以适合的剂量，在合适的时间内经适当的用药途径给相应的患者使用，以达到预期的治疗目的。     

临床合理用药杂志学术版稿约

《临床合理用药杂志》是由国家新闻出版总署批准新创办的综合性医药卫生类学术期刊，本刊由河北省科技协会主管，河北省科技协会、中国全科医学杂志社主办。中国标准连续出版物号：ISSN1674—3296，CN13—1389／R；国内邮发代号：18—115。本刊宗旨：开展临床用药学术研究，探讨临床药物合理应用，传播与交流药物合理应用学术信息，促进临床药物合理应用科研与学术工作的开展，介绍国外临床药物合理应用信息，提供专家指导临床合理用药学术平台。     

儿科抗菌药物的合理应用

抗菌药物应用涉及临床各个科室，正确、合理选药是提高疗效、降低不良反应及减少或减缓耐药性发生的关键。由于患儿的免疫能力相对低下，抗菌药物在儿科临床上有着更广的应用，使患儿的多种感染性疾病得到了较好的治疗，但是小儿因为自身发育不完全，对药物的反应一般比较敏感，更容易产生药物不良反应，因此，儿科的合理应用抗菌药物更为重要，特别在抗菌药物滥用日益严重的今天，规范儿科临床抗菌药物的应用已是刻不容缓。本文就婴幼儿及儿童生理特点，结合临床儿科使用抗菌药物情况，浅析了儿科临床合理应用抗菌药物应该注意的一些事项，以促进儿科抗菌药物的合理应用。     

临床合理用药杂志学术版稿约

《临床合理用药杂志》是由国家新闻出版总署批准新创办的综合性医药卫生类学术期刊，本刊由河北省科技协会主管，河北省科技协会、中国全科医学杂志社主办。中国标准连续出版物号：ISSN1674—3296，CN13—1389／R；国内邮发代号：18—115。本刊宗旨：开展临床用药学术研究，探讨临床药物合理应用，传播与交流药物合理应用学术信息，促进临床药物合理应用科研与学术工作的开展，介绍国外临床药物合理应用信息，提供专家指导临床合理用药学术平台。     

肉碱的临床应用

根据肉碱作为营养补充物临床应用日益广泛的实际、复习肉碱临床应用的国内外有关献，主要包括在血液透析、心血管系统和消化系统等疾病方面的应用，展望肉碱临床应用的前景。     

特非那定片溶出度测定

目的评价市场上6个批号的特非那定片的质量。方法采用桨法作为溶出度测定法，HPLC作为特非那定浓度测定方法，再通过weibull's方程获得溶出度参数。结果仅有2个批号的特非那定片达到卫生部部颁标准。结论我们应该关注市场上特非那定片的质量。     

Population Pharmacokinetics of Terfenadine

Purpose. After oral administration of terfenadine, plasma concentrations of the parent drug are usually below the limits of quantitation of conventional analytical methods because of extensive first-pass metabolism. Data are usually reported on the carboxylic acid metabolite (Ml) but there are no published reports of pharmacokinetic parameters for terfenadine itself. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of terfenadine. Methods. Data from 132 healthy male subjects who participated in several different studies were included in this analysis. After an overnight fast, each subject received a single 120 mg oral dose of terfenadine; blood samples were collected for 72 hours. Terfenadine plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC with mass spectrometry detection and Ml plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC with fluorescence detection. A 2-compartment model was fitted to the terfenadine data using NONMEM; terfenadine and Ml data were also analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Results. Population mean Ka was 2.80 hr^–1, T_lag was 0.33 hr, Cl/F was 4.42 × 10³ 1/hr, V_C/F was 89.8 ×10³1, Q/F was 1.85 ×10³ 1/hr and V_p/F was 29.1 × 10³1. Intersubject CV ranged from 66 to 244% and the residual intrasubject CV was 21%. Based on noncompartmental methods, mean terfenadine C_max was 1.54 ng/ml, T_max was 1.3 hr, t_{1/2 Z} was 15.1 hr, Cl/F was 5.48 × 10³ 1/hr and V_z/F was 119.2 × 10³1. Ml concentrations exceeded terfenadine concentrations by more than 100 fold and showed less intersubject variability. Conclusions. Terfenadine disposition was characterized by a 2-compartment model with large intersubject variability, consistent with its significant first-pass effect.     

特非那定口服混悬剂的制备及含量测定

目的：为满足儿科抗过敏治疗的需要,建立特非那定口服混悬剂的制备和质量控制方法。方法：采用ＣＭＣＮａ作助悬剂,羟苯乙酯作防腐剂,单糖浆为矫味剂,按照制备口服混悬剂的一般方法制备特非那定口服混悬剂;采用非水滴定法测定特非那定的含量。结果：制剂稳定,平均回收率９９．１％,ＲＳＤ为０．７％。结论：特非那定可以制成口服混悬剂应用于临床。     

高效液相色谱法测定特非那丁片溶出度

目的：通过对国内３个厂家生产的特非那丁片溶出度测定,考察其质量。方法：转篮法,用高效液相色谱法检测,提取参数（Ｔ５０、Ｔｄ、ｍ）,并对参数进行相关性检验。结果：不同厂家产品溶出参数差异显著。结论：对国内厂家的特非那丁片有必要增加溶出度考察,以控制其质量。     

不同药厂特非那定片溶出度考察

目的：考察不同药厂特非那定片的溶出度,评价其内在质量。方法：采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定了特非那定片剂溶出度,色谱柱：ＫＦＣ１８;流动相：乙腈水磷酸盐缓冲液二乙胺（５００∶４００∶１００∶６）,用磷酸调节ｐＨ至６．０;检测波长：２３５ｎｍ。结果：三家国产特非那定片在９００ｍｌ０．１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１盐酸溶出介质中溶出度差异较大,４５ｍｉｎ平均溶出度（ｎ＝６）分别为：２１．９３％（Ａ厂）,８５．２９％（Ｂ厂）,３７．２２％（Ｃ厂）,仅Ｂ厂片剂符合ＵＳＰⅩⅩⅢ版中特非那定片剂溶出度标准（４５ｍｉｎ溶出度＞７５％;片剂溶出度均一性较差,４５ｍｉｎ取样点ＲＳＤ分别为：６８．８６％（Ａ厂）,９．３６％（Ｂ厂）,１６．５８％（Ｃ厂）。结论：为了确保特非那定临床疗效,国产片剂质量标准中应增加溶出度检查项目     

非索非那定的微生物转化制备

研究了以普拉特链霉菌SIPI-76微生物转化特非那定为非索非那定的条件。考察碳源、氮源等培养基成分，底物的加入浓度、时间，生长细胞培养时的pH、温度、溶氧等参数对转化的影响。表明在优化条件下转化率达到90％。     

人血浆中特非那定的LC—MS测定法

目的：建立人血浆中特非那定的高效液相色谱．电喷雾质谱联用（HPLC／ESI—MS）测定方法。方法：以氟桂利嗪为内标,血浆以2mol／LNaOH溶液碱化后,经乙酸乙酯提取;选用PhenomenexC18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5／zm）,柱温25℃;流动相为甲醇．水80：20（含1％的冰醋酸和0．5％的三乙胺）,流速1mL／min;采用四级杆电喷雾质谱检测器进行定量,选择性正离子检测（SIM）,特非那定m／z472,氟桂利嗪m／z203。结果：本法线性范围为0．1～20ng／mL,最低检测限为0．05ng／mL（S／N〉3）,血浆中特非那定的日内和日间精密度为2．54％～9．28％,回收率为88．62％～91．67％。结论：本法专属性强、灵敏度高,适用于临床试验中特非那定的药代动力学研究。     

A comparative study of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray with terfenadine tablets in seasonal allergic rhinitis

Summary

Forty-nine patients participated in a randomized double-blind, parallel group comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray with terfenadine tablets in the treatment of hay fever. Symptom scores for nasal and ocular symptoms as well as grass pollen counts were registered daily for at least 1 month. Evaluation of daily symptom scores and the physicians' and patients' assessments of treatment demonstrated that both treatments were effective in controlling the symptoms of hay fever, with a similar incidence of side-effects. The beclomethasone dipropionate group, in general, had lower nasal symptom scores than the terfenadine group and this reached statistical significance on high pollen count days. In contrast, the terfenadine group had lower eye symptom scores than the other group and these were statistically significant during the first half of the study period. However, the use of additional medication for control of eye symptoms was similar in both groups. It is concluded that treatment with both beclomethasone dipropionate and terfenadine throughout the season was effective in controlling hay fever symptoms, but beclomethasone dipropionate is likely to provide better overall control since it prevented breakthrough of troublesome nasal symptoms during high pollen count days.     

Comparatice effects of loratadine and selected antihistamines on sleep-waking patterns in the cat

The central effects of the new antihistamine loratadine and three reference antihistamine agents were studied in the cat. As a sensitive measure of drug action on the central nervous system (CNS) we evaluated changes in sleep-waking patterns. For comparison, diphenhydramine was studied as an example of an antihistamine having potent central effects; astemizole and terfennadine were used as examples of new agents claimed to be free of CNS effects. Diphenhydramine, given at 3 mg/kg p.o., increased spindle sleep, i.e., the electrophysiological correlate of drowsiness, and suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In addition, cats displayed unusual sleep postures during the various sleep stages. Loratadine had little or no effect on the various features of sleep-waking patterns over a broad dose range (3 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Astemizole, at 30 mg/kg p.p., significantly increased wakefulness and reduced both slow-wave sleep and REM. No significant changes of the sleep patterns occurred after the low dose of 3 mg/kg. Terfenadine reduced REM duration at 30 mg/kg p.o. but had no effects on sleep patterns at 3 mg/kg. The cat appeared to be a sensitive animal model to the central action of antihistamines since the reference drug diphenhydramine affected sleep-waking patterns at a dose that closely approximates the dose requirements for adverse CNS effects in man. Under the same conditions, loratadine was free of central actions at a dose range far above that effective either therapeutically or in standard tests in other animal species. Astemizole and terfenadine seemed to be devoid of CNS effects at doses similar to those effective as antihistamines in man, but they produced some central actions at higher doses. Comparing the clinically effective doses of the antihistamines examined, loratadine appears to be the least liable to produce adverse effects on the CNS function.