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女性尿失禁是女性常见病,目前据全球统计,患病率接近50%,严重尿失禁约为7%,其中约一半为压力性尿失禁(Stress Urinary Incontinence.SUI),我国的患病率与此基本相当。压力性尿失禁患病率高而就诊率却很低,朱兰等的调查显示北京地区成年女性的发病率达38.5%,孙万卉等对北京密云农村地区的调查研究表明老年女性SUI的发病率高达44.9%,国外SUI就诊率为15.0~39.7%,北京地区成年女性的就诊率为7.4%。 相似文献
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丰顺县成年女性生殖道感染现状及影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
徐学群 《国际医药卫生导报》2014,20(12):1678-1681
目的调查丰顺县成年女性的生殖道感染状况分布及相关影响因素,探讨相应的预防措施和策略。方法采用分层多阶段整群系统抽样的方法对165名18—60岁符合条件的非经期成年女性进行问卷调查和妇科常规检查。结果生殖道感染患病率为69.70%,其中患1种生殖道感染的占81.74%;患2种生殖道感染的占15.65%,患3种及以上的占2.60%。生殖道感染疾病以细菌性阴道炎的患病率最高,占63.64%,其次为外阴阴道念珠菌病,占47.88%。结论丰顺县成年女性生殖道感染患病率较高,以细菌性阴道炎患病率最高,职业和受教育程度为生殖道感染的主要影响因素。 相似文献
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目的探讨女性抑郁症与代谢综合征的相关性。方法入组90例女性单相抑郁症患者和148例正常女性对照,检测两组人群代谢综合征的各项指标。结果女性抑郁症患者组的代谢综合征患病率与对照组比较,存在显著性差异,抑郁症与代谢综合征存在显著相关性(P<0.01);患者组和对照组各项代谢综合征指标比较,两组身体质量指数、血压无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。患者组的空腹血糖和三酰甘油高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白低于对照组,存在统计学差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论女性抑郁症与代谢综合征存在关联性。抑郁症的早期治疗对患者身体代谢状况十分重要。另一方面,需要对抑郁症患者的健康状况进行监测。 相似文献
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在我地区医院门诊尿常规检查中,经常出现成年女性的小便外观是呈黄色清亮的,可是经过尿常规分析仪检查,小便中有隐血和蛋白出现,显微镜下观察尿沉渣却又未见到红细肥、白细胞、管型及其他异常,我们在排除了其他可引起尿隐血和蛋白出现假阳性的情况后?发现这些病人有一个共同点:她们全是因为腰酸背疼,小便不畅来就诊,问诊中她们的月经期都才结束二到三天。所以我们收集了518例月经才结束二到三天的成年女性病人的小便进行常规分析,现将其报告如下: 相似文献
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胃畸胎瘤是一种很罕见的胃部病变,在畸胎瘤中所占比例不足1%,一般好发于男性婴幼儿,特别是出生3个月内的发病占绝大多数。国内1996~2002年间共报告36例,其中除3例成年人(男2例,女1例),7例幼儿外,均发生于新生儿。而自1922年Eusterman首次报告1例31岁男性患者以来,目前胃畸胎瘤正规系统报告尚不足千例。该病以腹胀、腹部肿块为主要临床表现,无特异性,易误诊。因本病好发于出生3个月内的男婴,而成年女性则极为罕见,现报道1例。 相似文献
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<正>药物代谢是指药物在体内经历的化学结构的变化过程, 也称为生物转化。药物在体内的代谢大多是酶系统催化反应。药物通过代谢起到解毒作用,但也常常会出现代谢产物毒性更强;有的药物本身没有活性,但进入体内后,代谢产物具有活性。因此药物代谢研究非常重要。 相似文献
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目的研究分析62例成年女性由酒精所致精神障碍的临床特点。方法 62例酒精所致精神障碍成年女性患者作为研究对象,对所有患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者中工人、农民和无业人员较多,文化程度均为初中程度及以下,性格外向,患者饮酒平均年龄(26.23±11.35)岁,发病前饮酒时间平均(14.32±10.72)年,饮酒量为100~1050 ml/d,伴随明显躯体疾病和精神障碍。结论酒精所致精神障碍的成年女性多为工人、农民及无业人员,文化程度相对低下,性格外向且每日饮酒量偏多,躯体疾病主要为消化系统、心脑血管疾病和血液系统疾病等,精神障碍主要为焦虑、失眠、妄想和幻觉等症状,采用足量苯二氮类药物及少量抗精神药物和对症治疗恢复。 相似文献
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Summary Diazepam was metabolized by human foetal liver microsomes to N-desmethyldiazepam and N-methyloxazepam as early as the 13th week of gestation. The metabolic activity was lower than that of microsomes from adult human liver. Diazepam was shown mainly to be hydroxylated to N-methyloxazepam at substrate concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. Diazepam levels above 1.0 mM were inhibitory to the overall metabolic reaction. SKF 525-A inhibited diazepam metabolism by foetal liver microsomes at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The addition of diazepam to foetal and adult human liver microsomes resulted in a type II spectral change. Its inhibition by carbon monoxide indicated that biotransformation of diazepam was performed by the cytochrome P-450-linked mono-oxygenase system. 相似文献
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目的:为了获得老年、老年前期、壮年及青年男性的咖啡因药动学参数。方法:用反相高效液相色谱检测16例67~81岁老年、20例51~60岁老年前期、46例35~50岁壮年及95例18~34岁青年男性唾液咖啡因(CAF)浓度,根据唾药-时间数据计算其药动学参数。结果:老年组与老年前期组、壮年及青年组的唾液CAF1/2明显延长(P<0.000 5,P<0.001,P<0.01),唾液CAF清除率明显减少(P<0.000 2,P<0.00 2,P<0.01),表观分布容积(Vd)无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论:老年男性唾液CAF1/2及清除率明显延长及减少,Vd无明显改变。 相似文献
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目的探究降脂清肝汤加味治疗肝胆湿热型脂肪肝病人的疗效及对脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激水平的影响。方法选取 2019年 7月至 2021年 9月南阳市中医院收治的肝胆湿热型脂肪肝病人 110例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各 55例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀钙片;观察组在此基础上给予降脂清肝汤加味治疗。比较两组临床疗效,中医证候积分、脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激指标,并记录治疗期间两组不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,两组中医证候积分、血清三酰甘油( TG)、总胆固醇( TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)、谷草转氨酶( AST)、谷丙转氨酶( ALT)、丙二醛( MDA)水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组[(7.25±1.16)分、(2.14±0.42)mmol/L、(5.05±0.78)mmol/L、(2.25±0.35)mmol/L、(27.91±2.52)U/L、(27.13±2.21) U/L、(7.75±0.89)μmol/L]显著低于对照组[(9.86±1.29)分、(2.59±0.54)mmol/L、(5.49±0.65)mmol/L、(2.79±0.42)mmol/L、(33.43±3.50)U/L、(31.28±2.34)U/L、(9.21±1.03)μmol/L](P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( GSH-PX)、氧化物歧化酶( SOD)水平较治疗前显著升高( P<0.05)观察组[(1.47±0.48)mmol/L、(135.82±7.91)U/L、(38.43±3.81)U/L]较对超照组[( 1.32±0.28)mmol/L、(121.43±7.52)U/L、(33.51±4.10,)U/L]显著升高( P<0.05)。观察组临床疗效 90.91%(50/55)较对照组74.55%(41/55)更优( P<0.05),两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。结论降脂清肝汤加味治疗肝胆湿热型脂肪肝可有效改善病人脂代谢、肝功能和氧化应激反应,疗效显著且安全性良好。 相似文献
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目的:应用非线性混和效应模型考察中国肝移植患者他克莫司群体药动学特征。方法:回顾收集天津市第一中心医院成人肝移患者57例,1 094个他克莫司谷浓度点,验证组患者10例,183个谷浓度点。采用一房室模型,分析处理数据,采用NPDE、Bootstrap和外部验证的方法对模型进行评估。结果:最终模型显示血红蛋白(HGB)和术后时间(POD)为影响清除率的主要因素。药动学参数的群体典型值:清除率(CL/F)估算值为19.8 L·h-1,表观分布容积估算值为597 L。模型评价显示该模型及所估算参数稳定。结论:本研究所建立的成人肝移植受者口服他克莫司的群体药动学模型能较好地估算患者的个体及群体药动学参数,为今后肝移植患者个体化给药方案的制订提供相关参考。 相似文献
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《Drug metabolism reviews》2012,44(2):67-76
Aging involves progressive impairments in the functional reserve of multiple organs, which might also affect drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In addition, the elderly population will develop multiple diseases and, consequently, often has to take several drugs. As the hepatic first-pass effect of highly cleared drugs could be reduced (due to decreases in liver mass and perfusion), the bioavailability of some drugs can be increased in the elderly. Significant changes in body composition occur with advancing age. Lipophilic drugs may have an increased volume of distribution (Vd) with a prolonged half-life, and water-soluble drugs tend to have a smaller Vd. In the elderly, hepatic drug clearance of some drugs can be reduced by up to 30% and CYP-mediated phase I reactions are more likely to be impaired than phase II metabolism, which is relatively preserved in the elderly. Concerning the most important CYP3A4 studies with human liver microsomes and clinical studies with the validated probe, midazolam, it is indicated that there are no significant differences in CYP3A4 activity between young and old populations. Finally, renal excretion is decreased (up to 50%) in about two thirds of elderly subjects, but confounding factors such as hypertension and coronary heart disease account also for a decline in kidney function. In conclusion, age-related physiological and pharmacokinetic changes as well as the presence of comorbidity and polypharmacy will complicate drug therapy in the elderly. 相似文献
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F. Valero R. De La Torre A. R. Boobis S. Murray J. Segura 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》1990,8(8-12):783-787
The low turnover of caffeine in vitro by human liver microsomes makes the study of the metabolic pathways of this compound difficult. Analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity are needed for the detection of its metabolic products. A method based on the on-line radiometric determination of [8C-3H]caffeine and its principal metabolite (paraxanthine) in man has been developed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The method has been successfully employed in preliminary studies of the kinetics of this reaction. 相似文献
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山冈橐吾碱在雌性大鼠肝微粒体内的代谢(英文) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了山冈橐吾碱 (clivorine)在雌性大鼠肝微粒体内的代谢 .山冈橐吾碱在雌性大鼠肝微粒体内的主要代谢物为两个非吡咯代谢物M1和M2 .与雄性大鼠不同 ,生成肝毒性的吡咯代谢物为其次要的代谢途径 .文献报道山冈橐吾碱在雄性大鼠肝微粒体内的主要代谢方式是形成相应的吡咯代谢物 .这提示山冈橐吾碱在雌雄大鼠肝微粒体内的主要代谢方式不同 .CYP4 5 0特异性抑制剂黄胺苯吡唑(CYP2C) ,毛果芸香碱 (CYP2A1) ,二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠 (CYP2E1)和酮康唑 (CYP3A)对M1和M2的形成无明显的影响 .黄素单氧化酶的特异性抑制剂甲巯咪唑可以显著地抑制M2 的形成 ,但对M1的形成无明显的抑制作用 ,且M1在肝微粒体中的形成为NADPH非依赖性 ,上述结果提示参与M1和M2代谢的酶分别为肝微粒体中的水解酶和黄素单氧化酶 .另一方面 ,毛果芸香碱 ,黄胺苯吡唑和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠对山冈橐吾碱的吡咯代谢物的形成无明显的影响 ,而CYP3A的特异性抑制剂酮康唑可以显著地抑制吡咯代谢物的生成 ,且山冈橐吾碱在重组的大鼠肝CYP2C12 ,CYP2E1温孵液中无代谢 ,而在重组的大鼠肝CYP3A1和CYP3A2的温孵液中山冈橐吾碱被代谢成相应的吡咯代谢物 .这提示CYP3A作为主要的CYP4 5 0酶参与了山冈橐吾碱的肝毒性吡咯代谢物的形成 .山冈橐吾碱? 相似文献
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G. M. Pacifici J. Säwe L. Kager A. Rane 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1982,22(6):553-558
Summary The glucuronyltransferase activity towards morphine was measured in microsomes isolated from liver specimens obtained from
human fetuses and cancer patients. All the fetal livers investigated had measurable UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards
morphine. There was no correlation between the gestational age (15 to 27 weeks) and the glucuronidation rate. The mean value
of the enzymatic activities was higher in fetal livers obtained by hysterotomy (0.20 nmoles×min−1×mg−1) than in livers obtained after induced abortion (0.11 nmoles×min−1×mg−1). The average rate of glucuronidation in microsomes from adult liver (mean 1.15 nmoles×mint-1×mg−1) was 6 to 10 times higher than in the fetal liver microsomes. Together with previous investigations on human adult and fetal
liver glucuronidation, the present results support the theory of heterogeneity of human UDP-glucuronyltransferase. 相似文献
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目的测定大鼠肝微粒体中R-(-)-和S-(+)-美西律体外氧化代谢的立体选择性。方法将(±)-美西律与大鼠肝微粒体孵育后,采用柱前衍生化毛细管气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测法测定了酶促反应的时间曲线及动力学参数Vm和Km值。结果在大鼠肝微粒体中,美西律的两个对映体的Vm和Km值均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论美西律在大鼠肝微粒体中的氧化代谢具有对映体选择性。 相似文献
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C. G. Swift M. Homeida M. Halliwell C. J. C. Roberts 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1978,14(2):149-152
Summary This study has examined the contribution of decrease in liver size to the decline in drug metabolising capacity which occurs with ageing. Liver volume and antipyrine kinetics were measured in two groups of healthy individuals aged 20 to 29 years and 75 to 86 years and in a group of hospitalised patients aged 70 to 89 years. Liver volume was reduced in both groups of elderly people compared to the young group. Antipyrine plasma half-life was prolonged and antipyrine clearance was reduced in the group of elderly normal individuals. In this group the index — antipyrine clearance per unit liver volume — was also reduced in comparison to that of the young group. Measurements of antipyrine elimination in the hospitalised elderly group did not differ significantly from those in the young group. It is concluded that both decreased liver mass and decreased hepatic enzyme activity contribute to the impairment of drug oxidation which occurs in the elderly and which may warrant a reduction in dosage of some drugs. However, differences have been demonstrated between groups of elderly people suggesting that under certain circumstances standard doses of such drugs may be normally tolerated. 相似文献