B.ovis死菌制剂佐剂苗免疫后的碱性磷酸酶试验检查

本文报告由试验室制备的Ｂ．ｏｖｉｓ死菌制剂佐剂苗接种了良种细毛羊后的碱性磷酸酶（ＡＩＰ）试验观察。试验分为３个组，即Ｂ．ｏｖｉｓ死苏州 制剂佐剂苗免疫组，Ｂ．ｏｖｉｓ死菌制剂佐剂苗免疫攻毒组，感染对照组，同时进行了不免疫的正常对照检查。结果看本液免疫阳转情况，免疫组的ＡＩＰ平均阳性检出率３０ｄ为４８％，积分９２：７５ｄ为４５％，积分１１６：１６５ｄ为４２％，积分１１８。免疫攻毒组３０天、７５天分别     

B.ovis死菌制剂苗接种后的过氧化物酶试验检查

本文报告了死菌制剂佐剂苗免疫后的过氧化物酶（Ｐｏｘ）检查试验，结果显示免疫组在注苗后３０天、７５天、１６５天Ｐｏｘ染色阳性率分别是９２％、９６％、１００％，积分是２８７、３１７、３３７。感染对照组是２５％、２５％、３３％，积分是３８、３１．４、３３．３。免疫攻毒组分别是８０％、８５％，积分为２３０、２４０。这两个试验组和对照组存在着非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。作者认为Ｐｏｘ试验可能量个有用的免疫     

布氏菌S_(150)苗免疫绵羊的病理学研究

布氏菌S_(105)菌苗是将S_2菌用化学诱变方法研制成功的新菌苗。经豚鼠实验证明其毒力更低,有良好的免疫源性、稳定性和免疫效果。对家畜也有较好的免疫效果。为了进一步了解S_(105)苗免疫后对体内组织的影响,作了S_(105)苗免疫羊的病理学观察。1 材料和方法 实验用怀孕羊48只,以随机抽样法分为免疫组和攻毒对照组。其中免疫组33只,攻毒组15只。将S_(105)的48小时纯培养物制成100亿/ml的活菌液,每只灌服1ml。免疫组羊于免疫后2个月连同对     

鼠疫菌荚膜抗原和重组rV270抗原免疫小鼠后保护效果观察

目的 对小鼠血清抗体滴度检测和对小鼠的保护力观察,评价鼠疫菌荚膜抗原(F1抗原)和重组rV270抗原对鼠疫的免疫保护效果.方法 40只6～8周雌性Balb/c小鼠,按体质量随机分成4个实验组(F1-10 μg+铝佐剂、F1-20μg+铝佐剂、rV-10 μg+铝佐剂、rV-20 μg+铝佐剂)和1个对照组,每组8只.将天然F1抗原和重组rV270抗原分别吸附到25％铝佐剂中免疫实验组小鼠,对照组小鼠以免疫等量的铝佐剂.每只动物每次后腿肌肉免疫100 μ1,初次免疫后,第21天加强免疫1次.所有动物分别于第1次免疫后第8周采血,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定抗体滴度.同时用2000倍半数致死量(LD50)的鼠疫菌141强毒株皮下攻毒,观察14d,以观察免疫后保护效果.结果 对照组未产生抗体,F1-10 μg+铝佐剂组、F1-20 μg+铝佐剂组的抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为1∶30443.9、1∶21527.8,组间比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.1282,P＞0.05);rV-10 μg+铝佐剂组和rV-20μg+铝佐剂组的GMT分别为1∶13957.3、1∶18100.9,组间比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.9408,P＞0.05).用141强毒株皮下攻毒后,实验组小鼠全部存活,对照组8只小鼠全部死亡.结论 实验用天然F1抗原及重组rV270抗原具有较高的免疫活性,可作为鼠疫亚单位疫苗的主要组分用于鼠疫亚单位疫苗的研究.     

羔羊结膜接种布氏菌S2苗免疫效果观察

为了节省菌苗用量,加大畜群的免疫覆盖率,对羔羊采取结膜接种S_2苗,效果理想。1 材料和方法1.1 菌苗与免疫 S_2苗系内蒙生药厂制的冻干苗,免疫前进行活菌计数,按计数结果,用生理盐水配成200亿/1mL,对1～5个月龄的绵羔羊从左眼滴入0.05mL,即10亿菌细胞,共免疫539只。1.2 血清学检查 羔羊接种S_2苗后,定期做RBPT、SAT及CFT检查,直至有意义的血清学反应消失为止。1.3 攻毒试验     

空肠弯曲菌全菌灭活疫苗免疫鸡效果评价北大核心CSCD

目的拟研制一种可降低空肠弯曲菌在鸡肠道内定植的全菌灭活疫苗。方法利用一种新的灭活剂H;O;与CuCl;混合物灭活空肠弯曲菌制备油佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫SPF鸡后测定灭活疫苗诱导产生的特异性抗体水平,通过口服攻毒评价疫苗免疫对空肠弯曲菌在鸡盲肠内定植的影响,同时测定盲肠细胞因子在转录水平的变化,以及对盲肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度的影响。结果制备的全菌灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡后可诱导产生特异性血清IgG和胆汁IgA,但口服攻毒后不能抑制或降低空肠弯曲菌在盲肠内的定植水平,且对免疫鸡的盲肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度无明显影响。测定的鸡盲肠中多数细胞因子在空肠弯曲菌攻毒前与攻毒后1 d的转录水平差异不明显,而在攻毒后10 d明显上升;同日龄样品比较结果显示,部分细胞因子的表达量在佐剂对照组和全菌免疫组较空白对照组明显上调。结论本试验研制的全菌灭活疫苗虽可诱导产生高水平特异性抗体,但不能降低空肠弯曲菌在鸡盲肠内的定植水平,提示空肠弯曲菌在鸡盲肠内的定植机制需深入探究。     

恒河猴人工感染Brucella后血清学应答及血液病原培养

选用健康公恒河猴6只每组2只，以Br.ovis进行1、0.1、0.01亿菌初感染后35天，分别再以10、5、1亿菌重复感染。各组分别在初感染15天，再感染0.5、1、2、3、6、8、10个月时测定血清中各种抗体。     

致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌外膜蛋白A对SD大鼠免疫保护作用研究

目的 研究致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌外膜蛋白A(OmpA)对大鼠的免疫保护作用,为研制疫苗提供技术基础。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为3组,通过腹股沟注射方式对大鼠进行免疫,包括OmpA免疫组(OmpA+弗氏不完全佐剂)、对照组(PBS+弗氏不完全佐剂)和空白对照组(未做任何处理)。经首次免疫(0.58 mg/只)和加强免疫(1 mg/只)后,用两个浓度的致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Ye92010(10⁶ CFU、10⁸ CFU)对OmpA免疫组和对照组进行攻毒,观察攻毒后各组大鼠的体征、排菌情况以及组织病理学改变。结果 攻毒后OmpA免疫组与对照组大鼠均出现厌食、被毛杂乱、粪便呈松软非颗粒状等症状。OmpA免疫组大鼠粪便排菌时间均为14 d,对照组大鼠粪便排菌时间分别为17 d(低剂量攻毒)和21 d(高剂量攻毒)。OmpA免疫组的肝、脾、肠组织病变程度相对较轻,组织变性及坏死灶情况明显优于对照组。结论 结合各组大鼠粪便排菌时间和大体观察结果,表明实验大鼠经OmpA免疫后可有效抵御致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的肠道定植,且组织病理学改变明显减轻,提示OmpA对SD大鼠具有良好的免疫保护作用。     

布鲁氏菌M-111菌苗对绵羊免疫途径次数、剂量、持续期研究

用本菌种制备成的活菌苗对绵羊进行如下试验。免疫途径:1次皮下注射250亿、口服500亿活菌苗。口腔攻击强毒菌15.9亿,怀孕羊实际免疫力是注射组100％,口服组80％。适宜接种次数:皮下注射菌苗1次133亿和两次266亿组,口服1次250亿和两次500亿组。口腔攻击24.75亿加点眼攻击4095万强毒菌。免疫力是,1次注射组为81.82％,两次注射组为90％,1次口服组为63.64％,两次口服组为66.67％。免疫持续期测定:每只羊皮下注射菌苗250亿,攻毒量是口腔63亿加点眼1亿零136万,免疫保护力4个月为90％,15个月为67.50％。适宜接种剂量:对注射133亿、250亿、266亿和500亿测定证实,以皮下1次注射250亿菌苗为宜。     

恒河猴人工感染BRUCELLA OVIS后 病理学观察及病原回收

选用健康公恒河猴6只分3组每组2只,以Brucella ovis进行人工1亿、0.1亿、0.01亿菌量感染后35天再分别以10亿、5亿和1亿菌感染。结果在180天开始1、2组猴出现明显临床症状第3组则症状轻微。300天扑杀后可见附睾,睾丸、精索、淋巴结、脾、肝、肾、肺等器官和组织有典型病变;并在病变器官中分离到B.ovis培养物。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。