Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of the study is to determine the levels of E-cadherin, vimentin expression in tumor tissues from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in order to explore its values for predicting the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, short survival of patients in many types of cancer. E-cadherin and vimentin expression of 10 benign and 42 OSCC tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining. E-cadherin is positively expressed in normal oral mucosa epithelium, but vimentin expression is not found in normal oral mucosa epithelia; the E-cadherin and vimentin were expressed in 26 of 42 (61.9%) and 16 of 42 (38.1%), respectively. No statistically difference was found for E-cadherin and vimentin expression in patients with different age, gender and tumor location, E-cadherin and vimentin expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and tissue location (P < 0.05); E-cadherin expression was also significantly associated with tumor stage (P < 0.05); there are significantly difference between infiltrative margin and central area in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma for E-cadherin and vimentin positive expression (P < 0.05). E-cadherin and vimentin positive expression was associated with tumor metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our study preliminarily confirmed that EMT phenomenon is existed during the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Co-evaluation of E-cadherin and vimentin might be a valuable tool for predicting OSCC patient outcome.     

IMP3 expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer

IMP3 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, to which epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) also contributes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IMP3 can regulate invasion and metastasis through EMT in breast cancers. The protein expression levels of IMP3 and EMT markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 180 paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. There was an inverse correlation of IMP3 with E-cadherin protein expression (P = 0.042). IMP3 expression directly correlated with both Slug (P = 0.004) and vimentin (P < 0.001). Changes in E-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug mRNA and protein levels were examined by quantitative real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Overexpression of IMP3 reduced the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated Slug and vimentin in transfected cells. In contrast, knocking down IMP3 had the opposite expression of the three proteins. Ribo-immunoprecipitation qPCR revealed that IMP3 binds Slug mRNA directly. In a transwell assay, overexpression of Slug rescued the cell migration and invasion caused by silencing IMP3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. On the other hand, knockdown of Slug in T47D-IMP3 cells could also have the opposite change. Our results strengthen the association of IMP3 with the regulation of EMT. Slug is a functional target of IMP3. IMP3 could therefore promote invasion and migration through the EMT in breast cancer cells.     

Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CXCL12 over expressed breast cancer cells

CXCL12 is positively associated with the metastasis and prognosis of various human malignancies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main cells secreting CXCL12, are capable of inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. However, it has not been completely understood whether CXCL12 is involved in EMT of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CXCL12 on the EMT and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes formation by transfecting pEGFP-N1-CXCL12 plasmid into MCF-7 cells. Real time-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the successful over expression of CXCL12 in MCF-7 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion analysis confirmed that over expression of CXCL12 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). In addition, ALDH activity was dramatically enhanced compared with parental (P<0.001), accompanied by the notably elevated mRNA and protein levels of OCT-4, Nanog, and SOX2 in CXCL12 overexpressed-MCF-7 cells (P<0.001). Furthermore, we observed the down regulation of E-cadherin and up regulation of vimentin, N-cadherin, and α-SMA in CXCL12 overexpressed-MCF-7 cells (P<0.01). Meanwhile, western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that over expression of CXCL12 activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway to induce EMT of MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by the increased expression of E-cadherin after silencing β-catenin by siRNA interference (P<0.001). Collectively, our findings suggested that over expression of CXCL12 could trigger EMT by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induce CSC-like phenotypes formation to promote the proliferation and metastasis in MCF-7. Hence, CXCL12 may become a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.     

MicroRNA-200a inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line

Objective: Our study investigated the role of microRNA (miR)-200a and its molecular targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods: An inhibitor of miR-200a was transiently transfected into the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, MHCC-97L. The effect of this transfection on mRNA levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was measured by fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, protein levels of EMT-related genes, cell proliferation and apoptosis-related markers were assessed by Western blot analysis in these transfected cells. MTT and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of MHCC-97L cells in presence and in absence of miR-200a inhibitor. Results: Compared with miR-NC control group, qRT-PCR results in anti-miR-200a group revealed a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of E-cadherin, with a concomitant increasing in vimentin mRNA level (all P < 0.05). Western blot results showed higher E-cadherin and Caspase-3 protein expressions in anti-miR-200a group compared to miR-NC group (P < 0.05). In addition, vimentin and Ki-67 protein expression was found sharply decreased in anti-miR-200a group compared to miR-NC group (P < 0.05). Consistent with this, wound-healing and MTT assay showed that migration and proliferation capacity of MHCC-97L cells in anti-miR-200a group is significantly increased compared with miR-NC group (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study reveals an important role of miR-200a in inhibiting EMT, proliferation and migration in HCC cells, suggesting the possibility of miR-200a-based therapeutics in HCC.     

RNAi-mediated knockdown of pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) suppresses the proliferation and invasive potential of PC3 human prostate cancer cells

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) is a proto-oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in numerous cell types and is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors. We have demonstrated that PTTG1 expression was up-regulated in both human prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines. For a more direct assessment of the function of PTTG1 in prostate tumorigenesis, RNAi-mediated knockdown was used to selectively decrease PTTG1 expression in PC3 human prostate tumor cells. After three weeks of selection, colonies stably transfected with PTTG1-targeted RNAi (the knockdown PC3 cell line) or empty vector (the control PC3 cell line) were selected and expanded to investigate the role of PTTG1 expression in PC3 cell growth and invasion. Cell proliferation rate was significantly slower (28%) in the PTTG1 knockdown line after 6 days of growth as indicated by an MTT cell viability assay (P < 0.05). Similarly, a soft agar colony formation assay revealed significantly fewer (66.7%) PTTG1 knockdown PC3 cell colonies than control colonies after three weeks of growth. In addition, PTTG1 knockdown resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1 as indicated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The PTTG1 knockdown PC3 cell line also exhibited significantly reduced migration through Matrigel in a transwell assay of invasive potential, and down-regulation of PTTG1 could lead to increased sensitivity of these prostate cancer cells to a commonly used anticancer drug, taxol. Thus, PTTG1 expression is crucial for PC3 cell proliferation and invasion, and could be a promising new target for prostate cancer therapy.     

EphA2调控结直肠癌细胞耐药的初步研究

目的:探究Eph受体A2(Eph A2)在结直肠癌细胞化疗耐药中的作用及相关机制。方法:Western blot及real-time PCR检测人结肠癌细胞株Lo Vo及结肠癌耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU中Eph A2的表达情况。转染Eph A2 siRNA干扰结肠癌耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU中Eph A2的表达,CCK-8法检测细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,划痕实验及Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭能力的变化,Western blot检测上皮-间充质转化(EMT)及相关信号通路分子的蛋白水平。结果:耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU中Eph A2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显高于亲本细胞株(P0.05);并且在亲本细胞株Lo Vo中,Eph A2的蛋白表达水平随着5-FU浓度的增加有升高趋势。沉默Eph A2可降低结肠癌耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU的细胞活力,增加其对化疗药物的敏感性,并抑制细胞的侵袭迁移;同时上调细胞中上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin和β-catenin的表达并下调间充质细胞标志物N-cadherin和vimentin的表达,可抑制结肠癌耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU的EMT进程。此外,干扰Eph A2的表达之后,Notch和Snail的表达也明显降低。结论:沉默Eph A2可部分恢复结肠癌耐药细胞株Lo Vo/5-FU对化疗药物的敏感性,其机制可能与抑制细胞侵袭和迁移、同时通过Notch/Snail信号通路影响细胞的EMT进程有关。     

Overexpression of homeobox B-13 correlates with angiogenesis,aberrant expression of EMT markers,aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma

To investigate the expression of homeobox B (Hoxb)-13 and analyze its relationship with tumor angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers (E-cadherin and vimentin), clinicopathologic data and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the level of Hoxb-13 expression in tumor tissues and surrounding non-tumor tissues from 85 subjects with pancreatic carcinoma. Besides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, E-cadherin and vimentin were also detected in tumor tissues by immunostaining. We found that the level of Hoxb-13 expression was significantly higher in pancreatic carcinoma tissues than in paracarcinomatous tissues (P < 0.05). Hoxb-13 staining was positively correlated with VEGF (r = 0.429, P < 0.001) and microvessel density (MVD) (r = 0.454, P < 0.001). Likewise, Hoxb-13 staining was positively correlated with vimentin (r = 0.448, P < 0.001); while it was negatively correlated with E-cadherin (r = -0.405, P < 0.001). High Hoxb-13 expression was associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, worse disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001) and worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that Hoxb-13 was an independent predictor for poor DFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P = 0.002). In conclusion, our data show that overexpressed Hoxb-13 is correlated with tumor angiogenesis, aberrant expression of EMT-associated markers and aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, and serves as a promising marker for unfavourable prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma.     

lncRNA PCAT1表达下调抑制口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞的增殖、生长、侵袭、迁移及上皮-间充质转化

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA) PCAT1对口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)细胞的增殖、生长、侵袭及迁移的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:采用Lipofectamine 200将PCAT1 siRNA转染入OSCC细胞分别利用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测相关基因的mRNA及蛋白表达;分别利用CCK-8实验和集落形成实验检测OSCC细胞的增殖及生长能力;利用细胞侵袭实验和细胞迁移实验检测OSCC细胞的侵袭及迁移能力。结果:PCAT1在OSCC组织和细胞中的表达与癌旁正常组织和正常口腔细胞黏膜角质细胞相比显著上调(P 0. 05)。转染PCAT1 siRNA可以显著降低PCAT1在Tca8113和TSCCa细胞中的表达(P 0. 05)。PCAT1的低表达可以显著抑制Tca8133和TSCCa细胞的增殖、生长、侵袭及迁移(P 0. 05)。PCAT1在Tca8113和TSCCa细胞中的低表达可以抑制ZEB1、N-cadherin和vimentin的mRNA及蛋白表达,同时增加E-cadherin的mRNA及蛋白表达(P 0. 05)。结论:沉默PCAT1能够抑制OSCC细胞的增殖、生长及转移,该作用可能与调控上皮-间充质转化有关。     

Programmed cell death 2 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma

Objectives: To investigate the role of programmed cell death 2 (PDCD2) in osteosarcoma (OS), along with correlations between PDCD2 and CD4⁺/CD8⁺. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to control group and OS group. The OS group rats were subjected to induce models of OS by transplantation with UMR106 cells. Peripheral blood was collected to test the percentages of the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell subsets using flow cytometry (FCM). Western blotting was performed to determine the PDCD2 protein level. The correlations between PDCD2 and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Besides, specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) against PDCD2 and nonspecific (NS)-siRNA were transfected into UMR106 cells. Cell viability and invasive ability were determined after transfection. Results: CD4⁺ cells percentages were significantly decreased in the OS group, while CD8⁺ cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The PDCD2 protein levels were markedly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, PDCD2 was positively correlated with CD4⁺ (R² = 0.66, P < 0.05), but was negatively correlated with CD8⁺ (R² = -0.94, P < 0.05). Moreover, the cell viability and invasion ability were significantly higher than that in the control group and the NS siRNA group after transfection with PDCD2 siRNA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PDCD2 is involved in the pathogenesis of OS, and PDCD2 may play an important role in tumor suppression. These mechanisms might be related to immune response induced by CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells.     

Down-regulation of nectin-4 inhibits apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) through targeting Bcl-2/Bax pathway

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of nectin-4 in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) cell apoptosis during the disease development and its potential mechanism. Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained for the isolation of monocytes and T lymphocytes. siRNA-nectin-4 plasma was constructed for the transfection into T cells using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. siRNA with no nectin-4 sequence was transfected into T cells for the control group. mRNA expression of nectin-4 in cells was analyzed using RT-PCR method. Effect of netin-4 expression on T cell apoptosis was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit. Moreover, effects of nectin-4 expression on cell apoptotic-related proteins expressions were detected using western blotting analysis. Results: Nectin-4 was significantly overexpressed in cells from SLE group compared with healthy control (HC) group (P<0.05). When T cells were transfected with sinectin-4, nectin-4 slicing increased cell apoptosis in HC group but significantly decreased apoptosis in SLE group (P<0.05). Nectin-4 slicing significantly decreased CD40L and CD17 expressions in SLE (P<0.05), but performed no effect on CD11a expression. Moreover, nectin-4 down-regulation could significantly decrease Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and caspase-6 expressions but increase Bax level in SLE group. Conclusion: The data presented in this study suggested that nectin-4 may be a therapeutic target for SLE through affecting the cell apoptosis.     

lncRNA MALAT1靶向调控miR-146b-5p影响膀胱癌细胞侵袭和迁移

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)肺腺癌转移相关转录因子1(MALAT1)靶向微小RNA-146b-5p(miR-146b-5p)影响膀胱癌细胞侵袭和迁移的机制。方法:在膀胱癌BIU-87细胞中转染MALAT1 siRNA,以real-time PCR方法测定转染效果,Transwell法测定侵袭及迁移能力,Western blot法检测细胞中上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白波形蛋白(vimentin)、上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和迁移侵袭相关蛋白基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白表达的变化。生物信息学软件预测MALAT1与miR-146b-5p有靶向互补位点,利用双萤光素酶报告系统鉴定靶向关系。用real-time PCR方法检测下调MALAT1后BIU-87细胞中miR-146b-5p表达的变化。将MALAT1 siRNA和miR-146b-5p inhibitor共转染至BIU-87细胞中,用上述方法分析细胞侵袭、迁移及vimentin、E-cadherin和MMP-2蛋白表达的变化。结果:转染MALAT1 siRNA可明显下调BIU-87细胞中MALAT1的表达水平(P<0.05)。敲减MALAT1表达后,BIU-87细胞的侵袭和迁移能力下降,细胞中vimentin和MMP-2蛋白水平降低,E-cadherin蛋白水平升高。MALAT1靶向调控miR-146b-5p的表达,敲减MALAT1的表达可以提高BIU-87细胞中miR-146b-5p的水平。miR-146b-5p inhibitor可以明显逆转敲减MALAT1的表达对BIU-87细胞侵袭、迁移能力和vimentin、E-cadherin、MMP-2蛋白表达的影响。结论:下调MALAT1可靶向促进miR-146b-5p表达,抑制膀胱癌细胞侵袭、迁移能力和EMT。     

川楝素对人卵巢癌细胞侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:探讨川楝素(toosendanin,TSN)对人卵巢癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响及相关机制。方法:用不同浓度川楝素处理人卵巢癌CAVO-3和SKVO-3细胞,采用CCK-8法检测TSN处理12、24、48、72和96 h后的细胞存活率;通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室侵袭实验检测TSN对人卵巢癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力的影响;采用Western blot法检测核因子κB(NF-κB)p65、上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)和Snail蛋白的表达情况。结果:TSN抑制CAVO-3和SKVO-3细胞活力(P0.05)。与对照组相比,TSN组CAVO-3细胞的迁移和侵袭能力明显降低,且NF-κB p65和E-cadherin表达升高,N-cadherin、vimentin和Snail表达下降(P0.05);而加入NF-κB抑制剂BAY11-7082至TSN处理的细胞后明显逆转了以上效应,与TSN组相比,TSN+BAY11-7082组CAVO-3细胞的迁移和侵袭能力显著升高,且E-cadherin表达下降,N-cadherin、vimentin和Snail表达升高(P0.05)。结论:川楝素能抑制人卵巢癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,其机制可能与抑制由NF-κB/Snail信号通路所介导的上皮-间充质转化过程有关。     

SRSF9/SRp30c通过调控GRβ对胶质瘤细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的:探讨富含丝氨酸-精氨酸剪切因子9/富含丝氨酸-精氨酸蛋白30c(SRSF9/SRp30c)和糖皮质激素受体β(GRβ)在胶质瘤细胞中的表达及两者之间的关系。方法:用小干扰RNA(siRNA)靶向干扰胶质瘤U87细胞中SRSF9的表达,同时用慢病毒将短发卡RNA(shRNA)转染细胞,构建SRSF9敲减的U87稳转细胞株,通过荧光显微镜观察并检测转染情况。通过RT-q PCR和Western blot法检测SRSF9/SRp30c和GRβ的表达水平,CCK-8和细胞集落形成实验检测细胞的增殖能力,划痕实验检测细胞的迁移能力。结果:用2种方法敲减SRSF9后,SRSF9/SRp30c表达均降低,GRβ的表达水平也随之下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。荧光显微镜观察结果表明,成功构建了稳转细胞株,转染效率超过80%。CCK-8实验和细胞集落形成实验的结果表明U87细胞在敲减SRSF9后,细胞活力和集落形成能力降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);划痕实验结果表明U87细胞在敲减SRSF9后,迁移能力明显减弱,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SRSF9/SRp30c可通过调控GRβ促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖和迁移。     

Expression of minichromosome maintenance 8 in chronic myelogenous leukemia

Objectives: Minichromosome maintenance 8 (MCM8) is identified as an initiating helicase involved in DNA elongation and involved in cancer. However, little information is available for the role of MCM8 on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We aimed to explore the expression and effect of MCM8 on CML. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were prepared from six patients with CML and three healthy individuals. The mRNA levels of MCM8 were determined and compared. The expression of MCM8 was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach in human CML cell line K562. After transfection with MCM8 siRNA, cell viability and apoptotic rate were analyzed, as well as the protein expression levels of Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL. Results: Relative mRNA levels of MCM8 were both significantly higher in PBMC and BMMC from CML patients than those in healthy individuals (P < 0.05). The cell viability was significantly reduced while the apoptotic rate was statistically increased by knockdown of MCM8 compared to control group or the scramble siRNA group (both P < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression levels of Caspase-3 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and while the levels of Bcl-xL were statistically reduced (P < 0.05) compared to the control group or the scramble siRNA group. Conclusion: MCM8 plays a significant role in CML, and knockdown of MCM8 might be a potentially targeted therapy for CML.     

SphK1和FAK对人结肠癌HCT116细胞上皮间质转化的影响

 目的: 研究鞘氨醇激酶1(sphingosine kinase l,SphK1)和黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)对人结肠癌HCT116细胞上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的影响。方法: 将人结肠癌HCT116细胞分成3组:采用SphK1抑制剂N,N-二甲基鞘胺醇(N,N-dimethylsphingosine,DMS)、FAK抑制剂PF573228和相同体积的培养基分别处理细胞。MTT法检测细胞活力,Western blot方法检测SphK1、FAK、E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)蛋白的表达,real-time PCR检测SphK1、鞘氨醇1-磷酸(S1P)、FAK、E-cadherin和vimentin mRNA的表达,并应用细胞划痕实验检测肿瘤细胞的迁移能力。结果: PF573228和DMS均明显抑制人结肠癌HCT116细胞的活力,并呈时间剂量依赖性。DMS抑制SphK1的表达,同时下调FAK、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2蛋白的表达,而上调E-cadherin蛋白表达上调。PF573228明显抑制FAK的表达,同时抑制SphK1、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2的表达,上调E-cadherin蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。划痕实验显示PF573228和DMS显著抑制HCT116细胞的迁移能力(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,PF573228组和DMS组FAK、SphK1、S1P以及vimentin mRNA的表达明显下调,而E-cadherin mRNA的表达则明显上调(P<0.05)。结论: SphK1和FAK信号通路可能在结肠癌HTC116细胞上皮间质转化过程中发挥重要作用。     

Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion

PurposeEph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer.Materials and MethodsTissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration.ResultsEphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells.ConclusionLow expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.     

敲减HMGB1表达对TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响

 目的：探讨敲减高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）表达对肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响及机制。方法：采用HMGB1小干扰RNA（siRNA）转染乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分别测定细胞中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达情况。用TNF-α处理敲减HMGB1表达的MDA-MB-231细胞,流式细胞术测定各组细胞凋亡,Transwell小室法测定各组细胞侵袭能力,细胞划痕实验测定各组细胞的迁移能力,Western blot法测定细胞中上皮钙黏素（E-cadherin）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）、神经钙黏素（N-cadherin）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）和Bax的表达情况。结果：HMGB1 siRNA转染后MDA-MB-231细胞中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于没有转染的细胞（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,TNF-α处理后的乳腺癌细胞的凋亡水平升高,细胞侵袭和迁移能力也升高,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白水平降低,N-cadherin蛋白水平升高,MMP-2、MMP-9和Bax蛋白水平也升高（P<0.05）。敲减HMGB1表达的MDA-MB-231细胞经TNF-α诱导以后,细胞凋亡率增加,侵袭及迁移能力下调,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白水平升高,N-cadherin蛋白水平下降,MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白水平也下降,Bax蛋白水平升高（P<0.05）。结论：敲减HMGB1表达可以增强TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞凋亡,抑制TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭、迁移和上皮-间充质转化,其作用机制与MMP-2、MMP-9和Bax蛋白表达有关。     

TRPC1在TGF-β1诱导支气管上皮细胞迁移中的作用

 目的: 探究经典瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE)迁移中的作用。方法: siRNA沉默TRPC1; CCK-8法和流式细胞术分别检测细胞活力和凋亡; 细胞划痕和Transwell小室实验检测细胞的迁移和侵袭。Western blot检测E-钙黏蛋白和vimentin的蛋白表达。结果: TGF-β1刺激细胞后,TGF-β1组细胞的迁移距离大于对照组(P < 0.01)。TGF-β1组和TRPC1沉默组的细胞活力和凋亡与对照组相比差异不显著;与TGF-β1组细胞比较,siRNA和 TGF-β1 共同作用组迁移能力明显降低(P < 0.01)。与 TGF-β1 组相比,siRNA沉默TRPC1和 TGF-β1 共同作用组E-钙黏蛋白的蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.05),而vimentin的蛋白表达明显增强(P < 0.05)。结论: TRPC1通过调节E-钙黏蛋白和vimentin 的蛋白表达参与了TGF-β1诱导人支气管上皮细胞迁移的过程。     

紫草素对HGF诱导的人肺癌细胞上皮-间充质转化的逆转作用

目的:探讨紫草素(shikonin)对肝细胞生长因子(HGF)诱导的人非小细胞肺癌PC9细胞迁移、侵袭及上皮-间充质转化(EMT)的影响。方法:用HGF诱导PC9细胞建立EMT模型,采用不同剂量的shikonin干预24 h后,MTT法检测细胞活力;划痕愈合实验检测细胞的迁移能力;Transwell小室实验检测细胞的侵袭能力;Western blot法检测细胞中上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)的蛋白表达水平。结果:Shikonin可显著抑制PC9细胞的活力(P0.01),随着给药剂量的增加,shikonin对细胞的生长抑制率显著上升,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系,IC_(50)为9.364μmol/L。HGF可诱导PC9细胞发生迁移和侵袭;划痕愈合实验和Transwell小室实验显示,shikonin能明显抑制由HGF诱导的肺癌PC9细胞迁移和侵袭(P0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示HGF可诱导PC9细胞的EMT标志物E-cadherin蛋白表达下调,N-cadherin和vimentin蛋白表达上调,使其发生EMT;shikonin则可逆转由HGF诱导的PC9细胞E-cadherin蛋白表达下调及N-cadherin和vimentin蛋白表达上调(P0.01)。结论:Shikonin能逆转由HGF诱导的肺癌PC9细胞EMT,同时抑制其迁移和侵袭。