吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的探讨吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效。方法选取2008年1月至2010年1月收治的126例浅表性膀胱癌术后定期行膀胱内灌注化疗的患者为研究对象,将其随机分为两组,吡柔比星组(A组)63例,采用吡柔比星行膀胱内灌注,丝裂霉素组(B组)63例,采用丝裂霉素行膀胱内灌注,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者的肿瘤复发情况,随访1年时,A组的复发率为3.2%,B组的复发率为11.1%;随访2年时,A组复发率为6.4%,B组的复发率为19.1%。两组间肿瘤复发情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者的不良反应发生率为7.9%,B组的不良反应发生率为20.6%,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吡柔比星膀胱灌注化疗预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效及安全性明显优于丝裂霉素,值得临床推广应用。     

鸦胆子和丝裂霉素及卡介苗膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的前瞻性临床研究

目的:评价鸦胆子油乳、丝裂霉素和卡介苗3种药物行膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效和安全性.方法:2000-06-2006-05符合入选标准的178例浅表性膀胱癌(Ta-1,G1-2)患者随机分为鸦胆子油乳灌注组(A组,10%鸦胆子油乳60 mL/次)、丝裂霉素灌注组(B组,20 mg/次)和卡介苗灌注组(C组,120 mg/次),术后1周开始定期灌注,共18次.行前瞻性、随机对照临床研究,密切随访2年,观察患者肿瘤复发情况及不良反应.结果:A、B、C组患者术后2年肿瘤复发率分别为14.04%(8/57)、34.85%(23/66)和18.18%(10/55),A组肿瘤复发率明显低于B组(x2=6.17,P＜0.05);A组患者的无病间期与B组差异有统计学意义,F=7.03,P＜0.05.A、B、C三组不良反应发生率分别为12.28%(7/57)、43.94%(29/66)和83.64%(46/55),A组患者不良反应发生率显著低于B、C两组(xAB=15.72,P＜0.01;x2AC=55.34,P＜0.01).结论:鸦胆子油乳膀胱灌注对预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发有良好疗效,不良反应发生率低,是一种值得推广的治疗方法.     

动脉灌注联合手术治疗膀胱癌

目的探讨动脉灌注联合手术治疗浅表性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法42例浅表性膀胱癌患者随机分为A、B两组,每组21例,A组采用动脉灌注化疗加手术治疗、B组采用单纯手术治疗。结果42例随访16～32个月,平均29个月。A组患者经动脉灌注化疗后大部分膀胱病灶缩小,血尿缓解或消失,术后病理检查肿瘤细胞超微结构改变明显。A组术后复发3例（14.3%）,死亡1例（4.8%）。B组术后复发10例（47.6%）,死亡2例（9.5%）。A组术后复发率、死亡率低于B组（P〈0.05）。两组比较化疗后副反应和并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论动脉灌注联合手术治疗浅表性膀胱癌疗效好,副反应少,临床应用安全可靠。     

经尿道膀胱癌电切术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗的疗效分析

目的 观察膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后分别接受羟基喜树碱(HCPT)、吡柔比星(THP)膀胱灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗患者的预后,评价比较HCPT及THP预防浸润性膀胱癌术后的疗效.方法 对2005年10月至2009年12月收治的89例TRUBT的膀胱癌患者,其中41例采用HCPT膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗,48例进行THP膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗.对两组患者的缓解率、复发率、不良反应发生率以及膀胱癌肿瘤标志物进行分析.结果 术后HCPT组缓解率为73.13%(30/41),复发率为36.67%(11/30),不良反应发生率为48.78%(20/41),THP组缓解率为89.58%(43/48),复发率为16.28%(7/43),不良反应发生率为39.58%(18/48),两组治疗前后膀胱癌肿瘤标志物差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 TRUBT术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全有效,术后复发率低,且THP膀胱灌注效果优于HCPT.     

经尿道膀胱癌电切术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗的疗效分析

目的 观察膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后分别接受羟基喜树碱(HCPT)、吡柔比星(THP)膀胱灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗患者的预后,评价比较HCPT及THP预防浸润性膀胱癌术后的疗效.方法 对2005年10月至2009年12月收治的89例TRUBT的膀胱癌患者,其中41例采用HCPT膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗,48例进行THP膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗.对两组患者的缓解率、复发率、不良反应发生率以及膀胱癌肿瘤标志物进行分析.结果 术后HCPT组缓解率为73.13%(30/41),复发率为36.67%(11/30),不良反应发生率为48.78%(20/41),THP组缓解率为89.58%(43/48),复发率为16.28%(7/43),不良反应发生率为39.58%(18/48),两组治疗前后膀胱癌肿瘤标志物差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 TRUBT术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全有效,术后复发率低,且THP膀胱灌注效果优于HCPT.     

吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床观察

[目的]探讨浅表性膀胱癌患者行膀胱部分切除术或行TUR-Bt术后采用不同疗程吡柔比星（THP）膀胱灌注预防肿瘤复发的疗效。[方法]将78例浅表性膀胱癌患者术后随机分为两组,A组（39例）行吡柔比星30mg膀胱灌注,每周1次,共8次;B组（39例）前8次灌注同A组,以后改为每月1次,连用10个月,总疗程12个月。随访2年,观察肿瘤复发率和不良反应发生情况。[结果]术后1年肿瘤复发率A组4例（10.3%）,B组2例（5.1%）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.181,P〉0.05）。2年肿瘤复发率A组7例（17.9%）,B组5例（12.8%）,差异亦无统计学意义（χ^2=0.394,P〉0.05）。发生不良反应A组4例（10.3%）,B组12例（30.8%）,A组不良反应发生率低于B组（χ^2=5.03,P〈0.05）。[结论]THP用于膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发,短程与长程疗效相比无差异,但其不良反应少,值得进一步研究。     

绿激光汽化术后早期膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发的临床观察

目的 探讨早期应用吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌绿激光汽化术后复发的疗效及安全性.方法 对采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤绿激光汽化术治疗浅表性膀胱癌患者117例术后随机分为早期膀胱灌注化疗组(Ⅰ组)和常规膀胱灌注化疗组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组63例,术后6小时内应用吡柔比星行膀胱灌注化疗1次,术后l周开始规律膀胱灌注化疗;Ⅱ组54例,术后1周开始应用吡柔比星常规膀胱灌注化疗.比较两组患者的膀胱肿瘤复发率、肿瘤复发时间及灌注化疗不良反应情况.结果 随访14 -52月,平均34月.Ⅰ组8例复发(12.7％),复发时间为(684±221)天:术后第1年0例复发,术后第2年5例复发,2年后3例复发;Ⅱ组15例复发(27.8％),复发时间为(526±260)天:术后第1年5例复发,术后第2年6例复发,2年后4例复发.两组比较,Ⅰ组的肿瘤复发率及术后第1年肿瘤复发率明显低于Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但两组的肿瘤复发时间、术后第2年及2年后的肿瘤复发率差异无统计学意义.膀胱灌注化疗不良反应包括膀胱刺激症状、肉眼血尿等,两组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 浅表性膀胱癌绿激光汽化术后早期应用吡柔比星膀胱灌注化疗可有效降低术后肿瘤复发率,特别是降低术后早期复发风险,且不增加灌注化疗不良反应.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱综合治疗的疗效评价研究

目的 评价髂内动脉灌注化疗+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗综合治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效.方法 比较64例采用髂内动脉灌注化疗(吡柔比星40 mg/m2、5-FU 1000 mg/m2、羟喜树碱30 mg/m2)+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗(综合治疗组)和62例采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗(对照组)的肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2N0M0期)患者经治疗后的肿瘤复发/转移率、死亡率及治疗相关不良反应的发生情况.结果 至随访截至日期,综合治疗组的无复发/转移率为93.75%(60/64),明显高于对照组的45.16%(28/62),差异有统计学意义(P=0);转移死亡率为3.13%(2/64),低于对照组的16.13%(10/62),差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);非膀胱癌死亡率为10.94%(7/64),与对照组的12.90%(8/62)相比,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 髂内动脉灌注化疗+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗的综合治疗方案,能够降低肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2N0M0)患者肿瘤复发率和死亡率,不增加非癌性死亡风险,值得进一步探讨.     

经尿道膀胱癌电切术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗的疗效分析

 【摘要】　目的　观察膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后分别接受羟基喜树碱（HCPT）、吡柔比星（THP）膀胱灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗患者的预后,评价比较HCPT及THP预防浸润性膀胱癌术后的疗效。方法　对2005年10月至2009年12月收治的89例TRUBT的膀胱癌患者,其中41例采用HCPT膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗,48例进行THP膀胱内灌注联合双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗。对两组患者的缓解率、复发率、不良反应发生率以及膀胱癌肿瘤标志物进行分析。结果　术后HCPT组缓解率为73.13 %（30／41）,复发率为36.67 %（11／30）,不良反应发生率为48.78 %（20／41）,THP组缓解率为89.58 %（43／48）,复发率为16.28 %（7／43）,不良反应发生率为39.58 %（18／48）,两组治疗前后膀胱癌肿瘤标志物差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。结论　TRUBT术后膀胱灌注化疗联合髂内动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全有效,术后复发率低,且THP膀胱灌注效果优于HCPT。     

膀胱癌术后吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防复发的临床观察

目的:探讨膀胱癌术后吡柔比星(THP)膀胱灌注预防复发的临床疗效。方法:将90例浅表性膀胱癌术后患者随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组30例,其中A组行膀胱灌注吡柔比星治疗,30 mg/次,1次/周,共治疗8次。B组也行膀胱灌注吡柔比星治疗,且前8周治疗与A组相同,之后改为每月灌注1次,30 mg/次,连用10个月,总周期12个月。C组行膀胱灌注卡介苗(BCG)治疗,80 mg/次,1次/周,以后逐渐减少治疗次数,总周期12个月。比较3组患者的不良反应以及复发率。结果:3组患者均随访2年,其中A、B、C 3组患者1年后的复发率分别为10.0%(3/30)、6.7%(2/30)和6.7%(2/30),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.8,P>0.05)。3组患者2年后的复发率分别为16.7%(5/30)、13.3%(4/30)和9.0%(3/30),其中A组与C组差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.2,P<0.05)。3组不良反应发生率分别为10.0%(3/30)、20.0%(6/30)和36.7%(11/30),A、B两组的不良反应少于C组(χ2=11.8,P<0.05)。结论:THP用于膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发,短期与长期疗效相比无统计学差异,且长期疗效与BCG疗效相比无统计学差异,但不良反应较少,可根据患者的具体情况用药。     

胃腺癌膀胱转移一例并文献复习

目的：探讨胃癌膀胱转移的临床特征及治疗方法。方法：对1例胃癌术后发生膀胱转移的病例进行临床影像学特征、病理学特征及免疫表型的观察,并结合临床资料、随访观察治疗效果、复习国内外相关文献。结果：该患者影像学 CT 表现为膀胱壁广泛新生物,活检病理结合免疫组化确诊为胃癌转移。采用静脉草酸铂＋口服替吉奥＋顺铂膀胱灌注双周方案化疗。化疗2次后临床症状就有好转,化疗4次后疗效评价为PR,化疗12次后疗效评价仍为 PR。无进展生存期达10个月以上。结论：胃癌膀胱转移临床罕见,需与原发性膀胱癌鉴别。其生存时间短、预后差,无公认标准治疗方法。该患者采用草酸铂＋替吉奥＋顺铂膀胱灌注化疗后临床症状改善,无进展生存期延长。     

Background Variables for the Patients with Invasive Bladder Cancer Suitable for Bladder-preserving Therapy

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to identify the patients suitable for bladder preservation by analysis of our data. METHODS: The subjects of this study were all 72 patients with T2-3N0M0 bladder cancer who underwent bladder-preserving therapy in our institute. The therapy involved intra-arterial chemotherapy with MTX and CDDP and concomitant radiotherapy. RESULTS: Of the evaluable 70 cases, complete response (CR) was confirmed in 57 cases (81.4%). Among 56 bladder preserved cases, 47 (83.9%) preserved their functioning bladder, and 9 underwent salvage radical cystectomy at the following period. The median follow-up was 45.3 months. The 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 81% and the 5-year overall survival rate was 66%. On the basis of the results of univariate analysis, variables contributing to CR were selected. In T2, tumor size of 3 cm was scored 1, whereas single tumor was scored 0 and multiple were scored 1. In T3, tumor size of 3 cm was scored 1, whereas G2 was scored 0 and G3 scored 1. The CR rates were 93.8, 92.6, and 62.9% for total scores of 0, 1, and 2, respectively (P = 0.003; score 0 or 1 versus 2). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in the former group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Bladder-preserving therapy can be acceptable for cases of single T2N0M0 tumor with a size of 相似文献   

艾迪注射液联合髂内动脉化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床分析

目的分析艾迪注射液联合髂内动脉化疗（观察组）与单纯髂内动脉化疗（对照组）对浸润性膀胱癌的疗效、毒副反应及对免疫功能的影响。方法观察组36例浸润性膀胱癌患者在采用髂内动脉化疗同期加用艾迪注射液,对照组30例浸润性膀胱癌患者单用髂内动脉化疗。结果观察组有效率为38．9％高于对照组26．9％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组治疗前后免疫功能的改变、毒副反应、胃肠反应均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论艾迪联合髂内动脉化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌,疗效显著,并降低了髂内动脉化疗方案对免疫功能、胃肠道的影响及毒副反应,此种方法可以作为不能手术切除的浸润性膀胱癌的治疗。     

膀胱癌化疗药敏测定及临床应用研究

目的　评价肿瘤化疗敏感性检测对肿瘤预见性化疗的作用。方法　用ＭＴＴ法测定膀胱癌对４种化疗药物的敏感性，并对据此进行的化疗效果进行随访。共６２ 例行保留膀胱手术的病人，分为药敏组３２例，根据药敏结果选最敏感的一种药物膀胱灌注；对照组３０ 例根据经验用丝裂霉素膀胱灌注。结果　膀胱癌对化疗药物的敏感性存在个体差异，药敏组的单位时间复发率显著低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。结论　ＭＴＴ法能客观地指导临床医生选择化疗药物，提高癌的化疗疗效。     

Bladder conservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

In the UK alone, approximately 10,000 patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year. Of these, muscle-invasive bladder cancer stage T2 or T3 accounts for 10–15%, with the remainder being non-muscle-invasive tumors, dealt with by local intravesical treatment. This group of patients are often older, the median age at presentation being 65–70 years and since this is a smoking-associated cancer there are often significant comorbidities. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common histological type and comprises >90% of bladder cancers. Other cell types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, lymphoma and melanoma. In bladder cancer, the most important prognostic factors are stage and grade. Cystectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy all have a role in the management of bladder cancer. In many centers across the world, the standard management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, stage T2 and T3, is radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. There is now increasing evidence that modern nonsurgical approaches using chemoradiation achieve results at least as good as those with surgery and enable bladder preservation in the majority of patients. Optimal chemoradiation schedules and the role of radiosensitizers remain important areas of research to optimize the bladder-preserving approach. Ultimately, a prospective randomized trial is needed to compare modern state-of-the-art surgery with chemoradiation to provide high-level evidence on which informed patient choices can be made.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌的新辅助化疗研究进展

肌层浸润性膀胱癌（muscle-invasive bladder cancer , MIBC)是指临床分期为cT2-cT4的膀胱癌。根治性膀胱全切术是肌层浸润性膀胱癌的标准治疗,但是根治术后MIBC患者5年生存率差异巨大。新辅助化疗则可以提高 MIBC患者的5年生存率。本文将对新辅助化疗的最佳化疗方案、现状以及研究方向等方面进行综述。     

Efficacy of Split Schedule Versus Conventional Schedule Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC; 70 mg/m²) is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC). Many patients (pts) cannot receive cisplatin because of renal impairment, and administration of cisplatin 35 mg/m² on day 1 + 8 or 1 + 2 (i.e., split schedule) is a commonly used alternative. In this retrospective analysis, we compared complete (pT0) and partial (<pT2) pathologic response rates between split schedule (SS) and conventional schedule (CS) pts, after 1:1 matching on chemotherapy regimen, number of cycles, tumor histology, and clinical stage. Eighty matched pts were identified. pT0 rates were 17.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%–33%) and 32.5% (95% CI, 19%–49%) in SS and CS cisplatin pts, respectively (p = .21), corresponding to an odds ratio for pT0 of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.16–1.31) with SS cisplatin. Split schedule cisplatin was associated with numerically but not statistically significant lower pathologic response rates relative to full dose.     

Acute Toxicity of Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated (Chemo)Radiotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the RAIDER Trial

AimsAdding concurrent (chemo)therapy to radiotherapy improves outcomes for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. A recent meta-analysis showed superior invasive locoregional disease control for a hypofractionated 55 Gy in 20 fractions schedule compared with 64 Gy in 32 fractions. In the RAIDER clinical trial, patients undergoing 20 or 32 fractions of radical radiotherapy were randomised (1:1:2) to standard radiotherapy or to standard-dose or escalated-dose adaptive radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant therapy were permitted. We report exploratory analyses of acute toxicity by concomitant therapy-fractionation schedule combination.Materials and methodsParticipants had unifocal bladder urothelial carcinoma staged T2-T4a N0 M0. Acute toxicity was assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) weekly during radiotherapy and at 10 weeks after the start of treatment. Within each fractionation cohort, non-randomised comparisons of the proportion of patients reporting treatment emergent grade 2 or worse genitourinary, gastrointestinal or other adverse events at any point in the acute period were carried out using Fisher's exact tests.ResultsBetween September 2015 and April 2020, 345 (163 receiving 20 fractions; 182 receiving 32 fractions) patients were recruited from 46 centres. The median age was 73 years; 49% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 71% received concomitant therapy, with 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C most commonly used: 44/114 (39%) receiving 20 fractions; 94/130 (72%) receiving 32 fractions. The acute grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity rate was higher in those receiving concomitant therapy compared with radiotherapy alone in the 20-fraction cohort [54/111 (49%) versus 7/49 (14%), P < 0.001] but not in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.355). Grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity was highest for gemcitabine, with evidence of significant differences across therapies in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.006), with a similar pattern but no significant differences in the 20-fraction cohort (P = 0.099). There was no evidence of differences in grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity between concomitant therapies in either the 20- or 32-fraction cohorts.ConclusionGrade 2+ acute adverse events are common. The toxicity profile varied by type of concomitant therapy; the gastrointestinal toxicity rate seemed to be higher in patients receiving gemcitabine.     

Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy is Reliable in Preventing High-Risk Superficial Bladder Cancer from Recurrence and Progression

Abstract

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy in preventing high-risk superficial bladder cancer from recurrence and progression. From May 2003 to December 2007, 52 patients were divided randomly into 2 groups. Twenty-five patients were given intra-arterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, and 27 patients received intravesical instillation with epirubicin. After 6-67 months of follow-up (median, 40 months), the overall recurrence-free rates of the intra-arterial chemotherapy and intravesical instillation groups were 83.3% and 33.4%, respectively (p=0.001 log rank). Tumor progression was not found in the intra-arterial chemotherapy group while 7 patients in the intravesical instillation group had tumor progression. The overall tumor progression free rates were 100% and 58.5%, respectively (p=0.009 log rank). The patients with functional bladders were 100% and 81.5% in the intra-arterial chemotherapy and intravesical instillation groups after 67 months of follow-up, respectively. In conclusion, intra-arterial chemotherapy is more effective than intravesical instillation in preventing high-risk superficial bladder cancer from recurrence and progression.     

膀胱肉瘤14例分析

1962年～1989年收治14例膀胱肉瘤,其中横纹肌肉瘤8例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,以及较罕见的间叶肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、癌肉瘤各1例.早期诊断困难,多数病例已属PrattⅡ_B～Ⅲ期,预后不佳.4例行膀胱部分切除加双侧髂内动脉结扎术,存活1年、5年各1例,行膀胱全切除术1例,存活3年.结合文献分析延误诊断和预后因素.治疗方面应强调综合治疗.