胃癌患者血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌患者血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平及其与胃癌临床病理特征的相关性.方法 收集胃癌患者90例,健康者50例作为对照组.测定2组研究对象血清中FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平.分析胃癌组患者血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平与胃癌临床病理特征的相关性.比较随访期间存活组与死亡组患者血清中FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平.结果 与对照组比较,胃癌组患者血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平均显著降低(P＜0.01).胃癌患者血清中FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平与患者的年龄、性别及胃癌的大小、肿瘤位置无明显相关,与临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有明显相关(P＜0.01).1年期随访发现:死亡29例,存活61例.死亡组患者入院时血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平明显低于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 胃癌患者血清FOXO4和甲状腺转录因子1水平明显降低,与胃癌的恶性程度联系密切,可视为是胃癌患者预后的重要评估指标.     

肺癌患者中血清胰岛素样生长因子1受体和S100A2的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨肺癌患者中血清胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1R)和S100A2的表达及与其临床病理因素间的相关性.方法 选择肺癌患者共34例;同期纳入健康体检者40例为对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附(Elisa)法测定两组血清IGF-1R和S100A2水平.所有患者随访2年,记录死亡患者例数,比较死亡患者与存活患者的血清IGF-1R和S100A2水平.结果 与对照组比较,肺癌组血清IGF-1R水平明显升高,而S100A2水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);血清IGF-1R和S100A2表达水平与肺癌患者的性别、年龄及病理类型无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期及淋巴结转移显著相关(P＜0.01);随访2年发现:19例死亡,15例存活;死亡患者入院时血清IGF-1R水平明显高于存活者,而S100A2水平明显低于存活者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肺癌患者血清IGF-1R和S100A2表达异常,且与肺癌的恶性程度密切相关,对评价临床预后具有重要临床价值.     

鼻型NKT淋巴瘤患者血清生存素和P53表达及其临床意义研究

目的 探讨鼻型NKT淋巴瘤患者血清生存素(survivin)和P53表达及与其临床病理因素的相关性.方法 收集鼻型NK/T淋巴瘤患者45例,同期纳入体检健康者50例作为对照组;比较两组血清survivin和P53水平.分析鼻型NKT淋巴瘤患者血清survivin和P53的水平与患者性别、年龄以及TNM分期、全身B症状、Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分等临床病理因素的相关性.所有患者均随访2年,记录死亡病例,比较死亡患者和存活患者在入院时的survivin和P53水平.结果 与对照组比较,NK/T淋巴瘤组患者血清survivin和P53水平均明显升高(P＜0.01).血清survivin和P53的水平与NK/T淋巴瘤患者年龄、性别无显著相关性(P＞0.05),而与TNM分期、全身B症状、Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分呈显著性相关,(P＜0.01).随访2年:10例死亡,35例存活;死亡患者在入院时血清survivin和P53水平均明显高于存活者(P＜0.01).结论 鼻型NKT淋巴瘤患者血清survivin和P53水平均显著升高,与其恶性程度密切相关,也可能是临床评价该病患者预后的重要标志物.     

CXCL9和碳酸酐酶Ⅸ在鼻咽癌患者血清中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究鼻咽癌患者血清趋化因子(CXCL)9和碳酸酐酶Ⅸ(CAⅨ)水平与其临床病理因素的相关性.方法 选择鼻咽癌患者共32例,结果统计过程中因资料遗失脱落2例,实际完成30例;检测鼻咽癌组和对照组血清CX-CL9和CAⅨ水平;分析血清CXCL9和CAⅨ表达水平与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、病理类型及淋巴结转移等临床病理参数的相关性;所有患者均给予2年定期随访,比较死亡患者与存活患者血清CXCL9和CAⅨ水平.结果 鼻咽癌组较对照组血清CXCL9和CAⅨ水平均明显增高(P＜0.01);血清CXCL9和CAⅨ表达水平与鼻咽癌患者的性别、年龄、大小及病理类型无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与鼻咽癌患者TNM分期、淋巴结转移呈明显相关(P＜0.叭).随访2年显示:6例死亡,24例存活;死亡患者入院时血清CXCL9和CAⅨ水平均明显高于存活者入院时(P＜0.01).结论 鼻咽癌患者血清CXCL9和CAⅨ的表达水平明显升高,与鼻咽癌的恶性程度呈显著性相关,可能是评估鼻咽癌患者预后的重要指标.     

血清S100A8和S100A9对原发性肝癌的临床诊断价值

目的 探讨原发性肝癌患者血清S100A8和S100A9的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的相关性.方法 收集原发性肝癌患者共90例,同期选择在我院进行体检健康者50例作为对照组;检测2组血清S100A8和S100A9的水平;分析肝癌患者血清S100A8和S100A9水平与临床病理特征的相关性;比较随访期间死亡组与存活组患者血清S100A8和S100A9表达.结果 与对照组比较,肝癌组患者血清S100A8和S100A9均显著升高(P＜0.01).肝癌患者血清S100A8和S100A9的高表达与患者的年龄、性别、大小、病理分型无关(P＞0.05),而与TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移以及血行转移有关(P＜0.01).所有患者6个月定期随访,31例死亡,59例存活;死亡组患者入院时血清S100A8和S100A9表达均显著高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 原发性肝癌患者血清S100A8和S100A9水平均显著升高,与肝癌的恶性程度关系密切,有望成为原发性肝癌预后的重要评判指标.     

可溶性细胞间粘附分子1与胃癌侵袭转移的关系

目的探讨可溶性细胞间粘附分子1(Solubleintercellular adhesion molecule,sICAM-1)与胃癌侵袭转移的关系.方法用双抗体夹心法测定53例胃癌患者,20例胃癌前期病变患者及20例正常人血清中sICAM-1水平,并观察胃癌根治术前后患者血清sICAM-1水平的变化.结果胃癌患者血清sICAM-1水平为541.5 ng/ml,明显高于胃癌前期病变患者(306.8 ng/ml)及正常人(294.3 ng/ml)(P＜0.01);I期患者血清sICAM-1水平明显低于Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者差异无显著性(P＞0.05);胃癌淋巴结未转移患者血清sICAM-1水平(462.8 ng/ml)显著高于正常人(P＜0.01),而胃癌淋巴结转移患者血清sICAM-1水平(556.0ng/ml)又高于淋巴结未转移患者;根治术后患者血清sICAM-1为384.0 ng/ml,比术前(500.0 ng/ml)明显降低(P＜0.01).结论血清sICAM-1与胃癌侵袭转移有关,测定血清sICAM-1对胃癌术前判断病情、估计预后及制订治疗方案具有临床价值.     

PVT1基因在胃癌患者血液中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测人浆细胞瘤转化迁移基因1(plasmacytoma variant translocation 1,PVT1)在胃癌患者血液中的表达水平及临床常用肿瘤标志物的含量,探讨PVT1与肿瘤标志物和临床分期分级的关系.方法:采集2015年1月至12月石河子大学医学院一附院收住院的51例胃癌、63例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者与54名正常人外周静脉血,提取血液总RNA.实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测血液中PVT1 mRNA表达水平;电化学发光法检测胃癌患者血清中AFP、CEA、CA19-9的含量.结果:PVT1 mRNA在胃癌、慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血液中的表达量较高,胃癌组与正常组相比PVT1 mRNA表达量差异有统计学意义(t=0.000,P＜0.01),慢性萎缩性胃炎组与正常组相比PVT1 mRNA表达量差异也有统计学意义(t=0.000,P＜0.01),但是胃癌患者与慢性萎缩性胃炎患者比较其差异无统计学意义(f =0.459,P＞0.05).PVT1 mRNA表达与淋巴结转移有明显相关(r =0.024,P＜0.05).此外,PVT1 mRNA的表达与血清肿瘤标记物CA19-9具有相关性(r=0.429,P＜0.01).结论:PVT1 mRNA在胃癌、慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血液中表达高于正常人,且与CA19-9具有相关性,提示PVT1 mRNA可能成为胃癌早期诊断及预后的分子标志物之一.     

miR-141-3p在胃癌组织和患者血浆中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测miR-141-3p在胃癌组织及患者血浆中的表达水平,探讨其表达水平与患者病理特征和预后的关系.方法:收集河北医科大学第四医院普外科2012年5月至2013年1月胃癌根治性手术切除的组织标本及术前外周静脉血标本44例,每例标本采集肿瘤组织(非坏死部分)和配对的癌旁组织.采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测miR-141-3p在胃癌组织、癌旁组织、血浆及健康志愿者血浆(25例)的表达情况,分析miR-141-3p的表达水平与胃癌患者DFS及临床病理特征的关系.结果:miR-141-3p在胃癌组织中的表达明显降低,在血浆中的表达水平明显升高(均P＜0.01).在胃癌组织中miR-141-3p高表达组DFS明显高于低表达组(21.8 vs 10.3个月,P＜0.01),且miR-141-3p在癌组织中的表达水平与患者DFS呈正相关(P＜0.01).在血浆中miR-141-3p的高表达组DFS明显低于低表达组(9.1 vs 21.0个月,P＜0.01),且miR-141-3p血浆中的表达水平与患者DFS呈负相关(P＜0.01).miR-141-3p在胃癌患者血浆中表达水平与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移及脉管瘤栓相关(P＜0.01).结论:miR-141-3p在胃癌组织中表达显著降低且与患者预后呈正相关,其在患者血浆中表达显著升高且与患者预后呈负相关,表明miR-141-3p可作为胃癌早诊早治及患者临床预后判定的潜在标志物.     

血清肝细胞生长因子水平与胃癌关系的研究

目的 探讨胃癌患者血清肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平变化的临床意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附实验法检测60例胃癌患者血清HGF水平,其中40例行胃癌根治术,12例因有远处转移而未手术,8例为胃癌术后复发,同时选取15例良性胃病患者以及12例门诊健康体检者作为对照,分别检测其血清HGF的水平,并进行比较分析.结果 胃癌组血清HGF水平高于良性胃病组和正常对照组(P＜0.05);胃癌术后复发组血清HGF水平明显高于良性胃病组和正常对照组(P＜0.01);40例胃癌术前组血清HGF水平明显高于胃癌术后组(P＜0.01);胃癌复发组血清HGF水平明显高于胃癌手术组和非手术组(P＜0.01).结论 HGF在胃癌的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用,血清HGF水平的检测可成为胃癌病情程度监测和预后判断的客观指标.     

血清DcR3水平与胃癌TNM分期的关系

目的 探讨血清诱捕受体3(DcR3)水平与胃癌TNM分期的关系.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测34例胃癌患者、18例外科急性感染患者、28例正常人血清DcR3水平.结果 胃癌患者血清DcR3水平明显高于正常人(P＜0.01) 和外科急性感染患者(P＜0.01),外科急性感染患者与正常人比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).TNM Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者胃癌血清DcR3水平明显高于TNM Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者(P＜0.01),淋巴结转移患者明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P＜0.01),远处转移患者明显高于无远处转移患者(P＜0.05),但与分化程度(P＞0.05)、浸润深度(P＞0.05)无关.结论 血清DcR3水平与胃癌TNM分期有关,为术前评估胃癌临床分期和判断淋巴结及周围脏器切除范围提供理论依据.     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。