结肠腺癌组织细胞的凋亡和Bax/Bcl-2蛋白的表达

目的研究结肠腺癌组织细胞的凋亡、Bcl-2家族主要基因/蛋白(Bax和Bcl-2)的表达及Bax/Bcl-2比值在结肠腺癌发生和发展过程中的作用。方法选取临床标本50例,包括20例结肠腺癌组织和30例正常结肠黏膜组织。分别使用TUNEL法和免疫组化法检测细胞凋亡及其相关蛋白的表达。结果结肠腺癌组织和正常结肠组织细胞凋亡指数的中位数分别为0.26(四分位数间距0.09~0.59)和1.57(0.85~13.13),结肠腺癌组织的细胞凋亡水平明显低于正常结肠组织(P0.001)。Bax蛋白在两种组织中的阳性表达率分别为95%(19/20)和53.3%(16/30),差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);Bcl-2的阳性表达率分别为70%(14/20)和46.7%(14/30),差异无统计学意义(P=0.103)。Bax/Bcl-2≥1的样本数在两种组织中分别为70%(14/20)和36.7%(11/30)(P=0.021),差异有统计学意义。结论结肠腺癌组织的细胞凋亡水平明显低于正常结肠组织,Bax蛋白在结肠腺癌组织中的表达明显强于正常结肠组织,Bcl-2蛋白的表达未见明显差异,Bax/Bcl-2比值在结肠腺癌的发生和发展过程中可能发挥正相关作用。     

小肠腺癌组织的细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Bid和Bcl-xL的表达及意义

目的:探讨细胞凋亡及相关蛋白的表达与小肠腺癌发生发展的关系.方法:研究包括35例正常小肠(空肠)组织和7例手术切除的小肠腺癌组织,临床资料查阅病历;用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;用免疫组织化学检测相关蛋Bid和Bcl-xL的表达.结果:小肠腺癌的凋亡指数(apoptotic index,AI)明显低于正常小肠组织(0.29% vs 15.78%,t=6.51,P<0.01):蛋白Bid在小肠腺癌的表达低于正常小肠组织(28.57% vs 77.14%,P<0.05);蛋白Bcl-xL在小肠腺癌的表达高于正常组织(86.7 1% vs 34.29%,P<0.05):Bid/Bcl-xL≥1的样本数在小肠腺癌低于正常小肠(14.29% vs 80.00%,P<0.01).相关性分析显示AI和蛋白Bid的免疫组织化学得分呈正相关(r=0.368,P<0.05),但与蛋白Bcl-xL的免疫组织化学得分之间缺乏相关性(r=0.017,P>0.05).结论:细胞凋亡水平的降低;蛋白Bid的低表达和Bid/Bcl-xL比值的降低可能在小肠肿瘤的发生和发展过程中发挥重要的作用.     

P53和Bcl-2家族蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达

目的:探讨胰腺癌组织(pancreatic carcinoma,PC)中P53和Bcl-2家族(Bcl-2,Bax,Bcl-xL,BclxS)蛋白表达及与细胞凋亡的关系.方法:免疫组化法检测35例PC中P53蛋白表达,将PC分为P53阴性表达组(第1组,n = 18)和P53阳性表达组(第2组,n = 17);Western blot检测两组PC中P53,Bcl-2,Bax,Bcl-xL和BclxS蛋白表达,TUNEL法检测第1组中凋亡指数(AI).结果:Bcl-2蛋白在P53阳性PC表达上调,而在P53阴性PC表达下调( P = 0.047);Bax和Bcl-xL蛋白在两组PC中表达都明显上调( P = 0.274,0.334);Bcl-xS在P53阳性表达PC明显下调,在P53阴性表达组明显上调( P = 0.01);在P53阴性和阳性表达PC,AI分别为12.1±2.47和9.1±1.48( P = 0.023);Bcl-2家族各成员表达与AI无相关性,而Bcl-2/Bax比率与AI有明显的相关性( P<0.01).结论:Bcl-2是依赖P53调节的抗凋亡蛋白,BclxS是依赖P53调节的促凋亡蛋白,而P53主要通过调节Bcl-2/Bax比率发挥凋亡调节作用.     

脑出血病人神经元凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax表达与中风闭脱证的研究

目的观察脑出血病人血肿周围组织神经元凋亡和凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达及其与中风闭脱证的关系.方法采用TUNEL法、免疫组织化学法分别检测脑出血病人血肿周围组织凋亡神经元和Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平.结果血肿周围组织细胞凋亡率及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Bcl-2蛋白表达与细胞凋亡率呈负相关(P<0.01),Bax蛋白表达及Bax/Bcl-2与细胞凋亡率呈正相关(P均<0.01).闭、脱证之间细胞凋亡率及Bcl -2、Bax蛋白阳性率、Bax/Bcl-2有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),脱证细胞凋亡率、Bax 、Bax/ Bcl-2大于闭证,Bcl-2小于闭证.结论细胞凋亡机制参与了脑出血后继发性神经元损伤.细胞凋亡率及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达对中风闭脱证微观辨证有一定的帮助.     

溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜组织CD8、Fas/FasL和Bcl-2/Bax的表达及关系

目的:研究溃疡性结肠炎(UC)肠黏膜CD8 T细胞Fas／FasL、Bcl-2／Bax蛋白表达以及相互关系,探讨细胞凋亡机制在UC发病中的作用．方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测60例UC肠黏膜组织以及60例正常肠黏膜组织CD8,Fas／FasL, Bcl-2／Bax蛋白表达．结果:CD8阳性细胞在上皮间的浸润在UC 组为52％,正常组为78％,两组相比差异显著 (P<0．01);急性期较缓解期也显著减少(20％ vs 74％,P<0．01)．CD8在UC患者急性期黏膜固有层的表达为80％,高于缓解期的34％(P= 0．0006)．Fas在UC上皮中表达62％,正常组织 30％,两组相比差异显著(P<0．01);急性期高于缓解期(84％ vs 45％,P<0．01)．FasL在固有膜炎性细胞中的表达UC组为62％,正常组7％, 两组相比差异显著(P<0．00;急性期(88％)高于缓解期(43％),而且CD8与FasL在黏膜固有层炎性细胞的表达呈正相关(X2=7．3,P<0．01)． Bcl-2／Bax在UC肠黏膜上皮的表达率与正常组相近,差异无显著性．结论:UC肠黏膜组织Fas／FasL表达增强, Bcl-2／Bax表达无明显变化,CD8细胞与UC急性期Fas／FasL表达相关．     

肿瘤相关基因RASAL1在结肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨Ras三磷酸鸟苷酶激活样蛋白(RASAL1)及基因在人结肠癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数间的关系.方法:收集2009-04/2010-05经手术切除的结肠腺癌标本50例作为研究组,相应正常组织为对照组,做成蜡块标本;其中20例另取其癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织的新鲜标本;用免疫组织化学染色观察50例蜡块标本RASAL1蛋白的表达;用RT-PCR检测20例新鲜标本RASAL1 mRNA的表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的关系.结果:RASAL1蛋白主要在细胞质中表达;RASAL1蛋白在结肠癌中的阳性表达率明显低于癌旁组织及正常组织[46%(23/50)vs85%(17/20),96%(48/50),均P<0.05];RASAL1 mRNA在结肠癌中的阳性表达率较癌旁组织及正常组织明显减低[50%(10/20)vs90%(18/20),95%(19/20),均P<0.05],RASAL1蛋白与mRNA的表达呈明显正相关(r=0.686,P<0.01),与肿瘤的分化程度(P<0.05)、侵袭深度(P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(P<0.05)、TNM分期(P<0.05)呈负相关.结论:RASAL1在结肠腺癌组织中低表...     

PTEN在食管癌中的表达及其与微血管密度和临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨抑癌基因PTEN在食管癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达, 及其与微血管密度(MVD)和临床病理特征的关系.方法:选用食管鳞癌手术切除病理标本48例,手术远端正常食管组织标本40例. 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTEN编码蛋白的表达水平,CD31抗体进行血管内皮染色、计算微血管密度, 分析PTEN在不同组织中的表达与MVD和食管癌组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移的关系.结果:食管鳞癌组织中PTEN编码蛋白阳性表达率低于癌旁正常食管黏膜组织(52.08%vs 92.50%, P<0.01), 而其MVD值显著高于癌旁正常组织(41.72±8.67 vs 21.01±3.85, P<0.01); Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级鳞癌PTEN阳性表达率有显著差异(75.0% vs 55.0% vs 33.33%, 均P<0.05), MVD值差异无统计学意义; 癌组织侵及浅肌层以上与深肌层PTEN与MVD值的表达有显著差异(77.27% vs 42.31%; 35.49±5.89vs 46.01±6.27, 均P<0.01); 淋巴结转移组与非转移组PTEN阳性表达率无显著差异, MVD值差异则有统计学意义(46.71±7.89 vs 35.92±2.54, P<0.01).结论:抑癌基因PTEN、MVD在食管癌中表达的高低, 与肿瘤的生长、浸润和转移相关.PTEN基因表达的突变或缺失能促进肿瘤血管的形成, 可作为临床治疗和判断预后的依据.     

人体结肠腺癌PKM2的表达及临床意义

目的 研究PKM2在人体结肠腺癌、腺瘤、炎性息肉及正常结肠黏膜中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集外科手术或结肠镜切除并经病理确诊的结肠腺癌、结肠腺瘤、结肠炎性息肉及正常结肠黏膜组织标本各30例,采用免疫组化方法检测其PKM2的表达.结果 PKM2在正常结肠黏膜组织、结肠炎性息肉、结肠腺瘤及结肠腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为0、6.67％、16.67％、80.00％,PKM2在结肠腺癌组织中的表达与正常结肠黏膜组织(x2=40.00)、结肠炎性息肉(x2=32.85)及结肠腺瘤(x2=24.09)中的表达差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).在结肠腺癌中,PKM2的表达水平与淋巴结转移(P=0.046) 、Dukes分期(P=0.013)有相关性,而与肿瘤分化程度(P=0.053/0.371)、浸润深度(P=0.084)无关.结论 PKM2在人体结肠腺癌的发生发展中有重要作用,对于结肠腺癌的早期诊断有一定指导意义.     

PTEN在结肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)在结肠癌组织、腺瘤组织和切缘黏膜组织中的表达与结肠癌不同临床病理特征的关系。方法收集唐山市工人医院的86例结肠腺癌标本为腺癌组,60例结肠腺瘤标本为腺瘤组,60例结肠切缘为切缘黏膜组。应用免疫组织化学技术(S-P法)检测三组中PTEN蛋白的表达。结果 PTEN在腺癌组、腺瘤组、切缘黏膜组中表达阳性率依次升高(33.48%、68.33%、83.33%,P<0.000 1)。腺癌中PTEN的高表达与分化好(P=0.000 3)、无淋巴结转移(P<0.000 1)、Ⅰ+Ⅱ期(P<0.000 1)、肿瘤直径≤3 cm(P<0.000 1)、浸润深度未达浆膜(P=0.0005)、Ki-67低表达(P<0.000 1)相关。PTEN高表达患者的预后好。结论 PTEN蛋白的低表达可能促进结肠癌的进展,检测PTEN蛋白的表达可能有助于判断结肠癌的预后。     

大肠癌凋亡抑制蛋白表达与奥沙利铂化疗敏感性的相关性

目的探讨凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin、Livin、p53及Bcl-2在大肠癌组织中的表达,分析其与奥沙利铂化疗敏感性的相关性。方法采用免疫组化法检测74例大肠癌组织及20例正常组织中的Survivin、Livin、p53及Bcl-2表达;体外培养肿瘤细胞,采用MTT法检测奥沙利铂对肿瘤细胞的抑制率,分析Survivin、Livin、p53及Bcl-2蛋白表达与奥沙利铂对肿瘤细胞抑制的关系。结果大肠癌组织中Survivin、Livin、p53及Bcl-2蛋白表达率(87.84%、81.08%、60.81%、56.76%)显著高于正常对照组织(5%、10%、0、5%)(χ2=4.53、3.81、3.62、2.55,P<0.01);大肠癌组织中Survivin与Bcl-2蛋白表达强度呈中等正相关(r=0.412,P<0.05),其他蛋白表达强度间均无明显相关性(r=0.126⁰.288,P>0.05)。Survivin蛋白及Bcl-2蛋白强表达组中奥沙利铂对肿瘤细胞的抑制率显著高于弱表达组(t=3.305、2.210,P<0.01、P<0.05),Livin蛋白强表达组奥沙利铂对肿瘤细胞的抑制率显著低于弱表达组(t=1.900,P<0.05),p53蛋白强表达组与弱表达组奥沙利铂对肿瘤细胞的抑制率无显著差异(t=0.063,P>0.05)。结论大肠癌肿瘤凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin、Livin、p53及Bcl-2均呈高表达,Livin在大肠癌肿瘤组织中的表达可能与奥沙利铂化疗耐药有关。     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales: incidence and risk factors

The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales and to evaluate their risk factors and outcomes. The study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database. All cases of idiosyncratic neutropenia or agranulocytosis were identified and the incidence was estimated. This was followed by a nested case-control study, estimating odds ratios with drug exposure from conditional logistic regression. From 1987 to 1999, 3,224 patients with idiosyncratic neutropenia (50 with agranulocytosis) were identified. The incidences of neutropenia and agranulocytosis were estimated to be 120 and 7 cases per million people per year, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for neutropenia were 34.7 (95% confidence interval 12.0-99.7) for current users of thyroid inhibitors, 9.5 (4.4-20.8) for users of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 7.6 (4.9-11.9) for users of aminosalicylates. Other drugs with statistically significantly increased risks of neutropenia included antibacterial drugs, non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, antidepressants, ulcer-healing drugs, and anti-epileptics. The increase in risk of neutropenia predominantly occurred during the first months of treatment. For most drugs investigated in this study, there was no relationship to daily dose. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and mostly explained by the underlying disease state. In conclusion, the highest risks of neutropenia were generally found in patients starting treatment. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and can be mostly explained by the underlying disease state.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。