心理一致感量表(SOC-13)中文版的修订

目的：对Antonovsky编制的心理一致感量表（SOC-13）进行初步的修订。方法：根据量表修订的方法．在上海市选取1828名被试进行测试，分析中文版的信效度。结果：①项目分析的结果表明修订的心理一致感量表各项目的项目鉴别力极高；②修订的心理一致感量表具有较高的内部一致性信度和效标关联效度；③探索性因素分析的结果支持了Antonovsky有关三因素的量表结构假设。结论：修订的心理一致感量表具有较高的信效度和项目区分度。     

心理一致感量表(SOC-13)的信、效度初步研究

目的:对Antonovsky编制的心理一致感量表(SOC-13)进行初步的修订和信效度检验。方法: 根据量表修订的方法,在上海市选取1827名成年被试和44名大学生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信、效度。结果:项目分析结果表明SOC-13各项目的项目鉴别力良好r=0．40、0．64,有三个组的r在0．28- 0．37;量表的重测信度为0．61,内部一致性系数为0．76;探索性因素分析的结果得到可理解感、可控制感和意义感三个因素(特征根大于1,解释方差比率总计47％),除项目9和11外,其他条目的负荷范围在 0．41至0．69之间;效标关联效度理想。结论:修订的心理一致感量表具有较高的信、效度。     

团体接纳与承诺疗法对结直肠癌患者反刍性沉思和心理一致感的影响

目的:探究团体接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)对结直肠癌患者反刍性沉思和心理一致感的影响。方法:选择某院于2019年1月至2020年5月收治的结直肠癌患者136例,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组与干预组,各68例。对照组行常规护理干预,干预组在对照组的基础上行团体ACT干预,两组均干预8周。分别采用反刍性沉思量表、心理一致感量表、心理弹性量表以及疾病不确定感量表评估患者干预前后的反刍性沉思、心理一致感、心理弹性以及疾病不确定感水平。结果:干预组干预后反刍性沉思量表中侵入性反刍性沉思评分低于对照组(t=2.71,P0.05),目的性反刍性沉思评分及总分均高于对照组(t=5.35,3.15;P0.05);干预组干预后心理一致感量表中理解感、控制感、价值感维度评分及总分均高于对照组(t=7.78,5.10,5.16,10.01;P0.05);干预后干预组心理弹性量表中坚韧、力量及乐观各指标评分及总分均高于对照组(t=6.45,9.77,12.91,14.45;P0.05);干预组干预后疾病不确定感量表评分低于对照组(t=4.390,P0.05)。结论:对结直肠癌患者行团体ACT疗法,可有效改善患者反刍性沉思水平,提高其心理一致感与心理弹性,降低疾病不确定感。     

青少年亲子关系质量与不良同伴交往：有调节的中介模型

目的：探讨青少年亲子关系质量对不良同伴交往的影响过程中友谊质量和心理一致感的作用。方法：采用自我报告的方式调查了1006名6年级、8年级和10年级青少年，运用关系网络问卷、心理一致感量表以及同伴群体特征量表进行测量。结果：(1)亲子关系质量可以负向预测不良同伴交往；(2)友谊质量在亲子关系质量与不良同伴交往之间起部分中介作用；(3)心理一致感调节了亲子关系质量影响不良同伴交往过程的直接路径，对心理一致感较低的青少年，亲子关系质量能够显著负向预测不良同伴交往，而对心理一致感较高的青少年该作用不显著。结论：亲子关系质量通过友谊质量影响不良同伴交往，并且受到心理一致感水平的调节。     

心理一致感在警察自我效能感与职业倦怠间的中介作用

目的研究警察自我效能感、心理一致感和职业倦怠三者之间的关系。方法采用自我效能感量表(GSES)、心理一致感量表(SOCS)和职业倦怠量表(CMBI)对1126名警察进行施测。结果①自我效能感和心理一致感均与职业倦怠各维度之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.106,-0.208,-0.325,-0.371,-0.529,-0.167;P0.01),自我效能感与心理一致感呈显著正相关(r=0.244,P0.01);②心理一致感可以完全中介自我效能感对情感耗竭的影响,心理一致感可以部分中介自我效能感对人格解体以及成就感降低的影响。结论警察自我效能感对职业倦怠的影响并非是直接的,还存在心理一致感这一中介路径。     

初中生家庭功能与主观幸福感关系:心理一致感的中介作用

目的:探讨家庭功能与主观幸福感的关系及心理一致感的中介作用。方法:采用家庭功能量表、心理一致感量表和主观幸福感量表对785名初中生进行评定。结果:主观幸福感得分的年级差异(F=0.034,P0.01),城乡差异(t=3.073,P0.001),及是否住校差异均显著(t=-3.026,P0.001)。家庭功能、心理一致感与主观幸福感之间分别存在显著相关(r=-0.328,0.467;P0.01);家庭功能、心理一致感对主观幸福感均有预测作用(β=-0.112,0.380;P0.001);心理一致感在家庭功能和主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用。结论 :心理一致感在家庭功能与主观幸福感的关系中具有中介效应。     

护士工作压力、心理一致感与心理健康

目的:探讨护士心理一致感、工作压力与心理健康的关系。方法:采用心理一致感量表,护士工作压力源量表及SCL-90量表,对唐山市三级医院的270名护士进行问卷调查。结果:1SCL-90总分≥70分的人数有138例,阳性率占总人数的51.11%。排名前3位的阳性因子为:强迫症状、躯体化和敌对;2护士的心理一致感总分处于较低水平;3心理一致感与心理健康呈显著负相关(r=-0.224,P0.01);工作压力与心理健康呈显著正相关(r=0.172,P0.01);心理一致感与工作压力呈显著负相关(r=-0.148,P0.01),且护士心理一致感在工作压力和心理健康之间具有中介作用(P0.05)。结论:心理一致感与工作压力显著影响护士群体的心理健康水平。     

大学生生活事件、心理一致感和抑郁的关系

目的探索大学生生活事件、心理一致感和抑郁三者之间的关系。方法运用青少年生活事件量表(ALEQ)、心理一致感量表(SOCS)和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对303名大学生进行施测。结果①生活事件,心理一致感和抑郁得分的年级差异显著(F=11.83,8.39,6.63;P<0.001);心理一致感得分的性别差异也显著(t=3.39,P<0.01);②生活事件、心理一致感和抑郁两两之间均存在显著相关(P<0.001);③生活事件与心理一致感均可以显著预测大学生的抑郁水平(P<0.001);④心理一致感在生活事件和抑郁之间起着部分中介作用,中介效应的比例为12.41%。结论生活事件和心理一致感对大学生抑郁水平有预测作用,心理一致感可以缓冲生活事件所导致的抑郁情绪的不良影响。     

父母心理控制与大学生学习投入及负性情绪的关系：挫败感和应对效能的链式中介作用

目的：探讨父母心理控制对大学生学习投入及负性情绪的影响以及挫败感和应对效能在其中的链式中介作用。方法：采用父母心理控制量表、挫败感量表、应对效能问卷、学习投入量表、抑郁症状群量表和广泛性焦虑量表对2034名大一至大三学生进行调查。结果：（1）父母心理控制、挫败感、应对效能、学习投入、抑郁以及焦虑两两之间均显著相关；（2）父母心理控制对大学生的学习投入及负性情绪的直接效应显著，也会分别由挫败感和应对效能的中介及二者的链式中介产生间接效应。结论：父母心理控制水平越高，大学生的学习投入越低，负性情绪越严重，挫败感和应对效能在这一影响中发挥了链式中介效应。     

大学生心理一致感、社交焦虑和气质类型的相关性

目的了解大学生的心理一致感与社交焦虑的关系,以及气质类型的中间作用。方法采用心理一致感量表(SOC-13)中文版与社交焦虑量表以及气质类型量表对202名大学生进行调查。结果不同年级、气质类型的大学生在心理一致感上均存在显著性差异(F=4.355,9.231;P0.05);不同生源、气质类型的大学生在社会焦虑上存在显著差异(t=-1.473,P0.01;F=4.750,P0.05);大学生心理一致感与社会焦虑之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.448,P0.01)。结论气质类型中抑郁质的大学生在心理一致感最低,社会焦虑的程度最高;大学生心理一致感的分数越高,社会焦虑程度越低。     

Sense of coherence, life stress, and psychological distress: a prospective methodological inquiry

Antonovsky (1987) has proposed the Sense of Coherence (SOC) as a global perceptual predisposition in responding to life stress. Composed of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, this construct has been associated with more adaptive coping in previous cross-sectional studies. This prospective study (N = 95) investigated the association of SOC (assessed by Antonovsky's measure) with life stress and symptoms. SOC was correlated negatively with life stress and symptoms and appeared to mitigate the impact of life stress. SOC was not found to be a buffer variable. Implications of these findings are presented, as are methodological issues that concern Antonovsky's measure.     

Measuring Sense of Coherence with only three items: A useful tool for population surveys

Objectives: Sense of Coherence is the core construct of Antonovsky's salutogenetic model. To measure Sense of Coherence, a 29‐item‐questionnaire (SOC‐29), a shortened 13‐item version, and a simplified measure of only three items (SOC‐3) are available. In our study, the last was tested in terms of the psychometric properties and compared with an alternative short form derived from the SOC‐29. Methods: Data with respect to the original SOC‐29‐scale, the SOC‐3, and additional other health measures were collected in a representative general population survey, the German study ‘Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking’ (TACOS). Analyses of the factor structures, reliability and validity correlations are reported. Results: The reliability and validity results of the SOC‐3 were not encouraging. Subsequent item analyses revealed that three items taken out of the SOC‐29 outperformed the SOC‐3 in measuring Sense of Coherence in a simplified way. This newly developed instrument is presented as the Brief Assessment of Sense of Coherence (BASOC). Conclusion: The BASOC is a superior short form compared with the SOC‐3 and is recommended for large surveys with limited space for questions.     

Antonovsky's sense of coherence: trait or state?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was first to analyze the stability of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) as a measure of a person's world view over time; secondly, to investigate its relationship with depression and anxiety. METHODS: Data from two longitudinal studies were used: a study of severely injured accident victims (n = 96), and a study of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 60). The 13 items short version of the SOC scale and measures of depression and anxiety (Symptom Checklist, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were administered repeatedly over 6-12 months in both studies. RESULTS: In the sample of accident victims, a significant decrease in the SOC mean score was observed during the first half year after the accident. During the same time period, symptoms of anxiety and depression decreased significantly. In the second half year after the accident, SOC as well as measures of psychopathology remained stable. RA patients showed high stability of SOC and measures of anxiety and depression over time. In both samples, between-time correlations of SOC scores were high (r > or = 0. 70, p<0.01), indicating a high test-retest stability of SOC. Furthermore, in both samples, significant negative correlations of a moderate to high degree (r = -0.28 to -0.73, p<0.01) were found between SOC and measures of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be seen as a relatively stable (trait) measure. However, traumatic events such as life-threatening accidents may change a person's world view and thus their SOC, even if psychiatric symptoms abate. This suggests that SOC is not merely a proxy measure of psychopathology, but rather a partially independent, general measure of a person's world view.     

Factorial invariance of the 13-item Sense of Coherence scale across gender

This study examined the gender invariance of the 13-item Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a single factor model with one pair of correlated errors fit the data well. Invariance testing indicated that the scale is both congeneric and tau equivalent, meaning that a single latent SOC construct holds equally well for males and females, and that both genders demonstrate an equivalent pattern of factor loadings. There was little evidence in support of latent factor mean equivalence across gender. Explanations for the lack of factor mean equivalence were discussed and recommendations for future research were suggested.     

Comparing two self-report measures of coping—the Sense of Coherence Scale and the Defense Style Questionnaire

Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) were compared in a sample of 334 community controls and 122 psychiatric outpatients. The major question was, whether the two coping inventories with different theoretical backgrounds—stress research vs. psycho-analysis—tap similar phenomena. The affinity of the two coping measures was evident: in multiple regression analysis defenses explained 68% of the variance in sense of coherence. Not surprisingly, the SOC scale—emerging out of the salutogenic orientation—showed more expertise in measuring how people manage when they do well, whereas the DSQ—with its theoretical roots deep in psychopathology—was most sensitive to how people manage when they do rather poorly. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A preliminary study for a new model of sense of community

Although Sense of Community (SOC) is usually defined as a multidimensional construct, most SOC scales are unidimensional. To reduce the split between theory and empirical research, the present work identifies a multifactor structure for the Italian Sense of Community Scale (ISCS) that has already been validated as a unitary index of SOC. This study was carried out in two steps: (a) a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted of a three‐factor structure, and (b) the author tested the predictive validity of the dimensions to confirm its structure. The study results validate the three‐factor solution (i.e., Place Attachment, Needs Fulfillment and Influence, and Social Bonds). Therefore, the ISCS is a valid measure of SOC and a base from which to develop a new model for this construct. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Coping with serious accidental injury: a one-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze changes of coping strategies in severely injured accident victims over time and to compare patients with high and low posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom levels with regard to their coping patterns and accident-related cognitions. METHODS: 106 consecutive patients with severe accidental injuries admitted to a trauma surgery intensive care unit (ICU) were assessed within 1 month after the trauma and 6 and 12 months later. Assessments included a clinical interview, the Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness, the patients' accident-related cognitions, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the 90-item revised Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC). Patients who met the criteria for either full or subsyndromal PTSD at least once over the observation period (36 subjects; 34.0%) were assigned to a highly symptomatic group (HSG), the remainder (70 subjects; 66.0%) to a less symptomatic group. RESULTS: Overall, active problem-focused coping was predominant immediately after the accident and declined over time, with a stronger decrease in the HSG. Patients in the HSG scored higher on the SCL Global Severity Index and lower on the SOC. The patients' subjective appraisal of accident severity was higher in the HSG, whereas there was no group difference with regard to accident-related variables such as type of accident, injury severity and mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: Active problem-focused coping, although utilized most frequently and often regarded as protective, might be an inadequate strategy in face of acute stress following a severe accident. Clinicians should not expect their patients to cope very actively in the acute ICU phase. In the subsequent rehabilitation, active coping seems to be more adaptive.