Objective: Evaluation of the peripapillary choroidal layer in the patients receiving oral isotretinoin therapy may aid in explaining the pathophysiology of ocular side effects.
Methods: In this study, peripapillary choroidal thickness was assessed in the patients receiving oral isotretinoin treatment via optical coherent tomography technique.
Results: Significant difference was found in the superotemporal and temporal areas.
Conclusion: Oral isotretinoin treatment may affect the thickness of the peripapillary choroidal layer. 相似文献
Aim: Microencapsulate lavender oil by spray drying using a biocompatible polymeric blend of gum acacia and maltodextrin to protect the oil components. Effect of total polymer content, oil loading, gum acacia, and maltodextrin proportions on the size, yield, loading, and encapsulation efficiency of the microparticles was investigated.
Methods: Morphology and oil localisation within microparticles were assessed by confocal laser scanning electron microscope. Structural preservation and compatibility were assessed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results: Lavender microparticles of size 12.42?±?1.79?µm prepared at 30 w/w% polymer concentration, 16.67 w/w% oil loading, and 25w/w% gum acacia showed maximum oil protection at high loading (12?mg w/w%), and encapsulation efficiency (77.89 w/w%).
Conclusion: Lavender oil was successfully microencapsulated into stable microparticles by spray drying using gum acacia/maltodextrin polymeric blend. 相似文献
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to critically discuss assessment methods of adherence to medication in patients after myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and the possible application of a new self-reported questionnaire.
Methods: A systematic investigation of all published literature was conducted to minimize the risk of bias. A database search (PubMed, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases) from January 1998 through December 2017.
Results: Adequate assessment of patient adherence to treatment is necessary to understand the potential for adverse outcomes. Methods developed for adherence evaluation are classified as subjective and objective or as direct and indirect. Direct, objective measures reflect pharmacokinetics and include measurement of the drug or its metabolite concentration, evaluation of the presence of biological markers given with the drug and direct observation of patients’ medication-taking behavior. Several indirect, objective methods are based on evaluation of the availability of prescribed medications assuming that medication is taken exactly as prescribed. Assessment of the effectiveness of treatment, both at the pharmacodynamic and clinical level, indirectly but objectively reflects adherence to treatment. Subjective methods, including patient-kept diaries, patient interviews and self-reported questionnaires, due to their simplicity, real-time feedback and low cost, are often used for adherence evaluation in clinical practice.
Conclusions: In spite of the availability, convenience and variety of methods, measuring adherence still remains a real challenge. Using a well designed questionnaire provides an opportunity to identify patients at increased risk of non-adherence and the obstacles impeding implementation of the treatment plan, allowing implementation of tailored interventions in order to improve patient medication-taking behavior. 相似文献
Methods: A randomized crossover study in healthy subjects (N = 161) examined the bioequivalence, safety, and tolerability of tocilizumab after a single subcutaneous injection by AI versus PFS. A nonrandomized observational, real-life human factors study in RA patients (N = 54) assessed user (RA patients, caregivers, health care providers) ability to administer tocilizumab effectively by AI.
Results: Bioequivalence criteria for tocilizumab AI versus PFS were met for key pharmacokinetic parameters. Safety was comparable between devices and consistent with the established tocilizumab profile. In the real-life human factors study, the proportion of users who successfully performed all essential tasks required to operate the AI to deliver the full dose was 92.3% at first assessment and 98.1% at second assessment, with no safety concerns.
Conclusions: Tocilizumab administration by AI was bioequivalent to administration by PFS. Intended users were successful in performing the tasks required to administer tocilizumab by AI. No new safety signals were observed in either study.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02678988, NCT02682823 相似文献
2. Mass balance of a single intravenous WTX101 dose, measured as molybdenum (Mo), was assessed over 168?h in control (Long Evans Agouti [LEA]) and Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, a WD model.
3. In LEC rats, Mo was partially excreted (up to 45%); 29% by renal clearance, and faecal clearance, still ongoing at 168?h, accounted for 16%. In contrast, in LEA rats, Mo was almost fully excreted (~87%); 79% was renally cleared with only 7% faecal excretion.
4. In LEC rats, the proportion of faecal to renal Mo excretion was enhanced (4:6) compared to controls (1:9).
5. Substantially more Mo was found in LEC liver and kidney compared with LEA tissues, in line with tissue Cu distribution.
6. These findings are consistent with the WTX101 mechanism of action: in the WD model, excess Cu is removed from hepatic metallothionein and retained within the stable tetrathiomolybdate-Cu-albumin tripartite complex, preventing tetrathiomolybdate degradation and resulting in less urinary elimination and greater faecal excretion than in controls. 相似文献
Objectives: To investigate levels of secondary cannabis use among drug treatment clients and perceived need for support addressing this use among clients and staff.
Methods: Cross-sectional surveys of clients (N?=?295) and staff (N?=?33) were conducted in 2015 at four London drug and alcohol treatment services. Client measures included recent drug use, type of cannabis used, Severity of Dependence Scale for cannabis, and views on secondary cannabis use treatment. Staff measures included definition of problem cannabis use, importance and timing for addressing secondary cannabis use.
Results: Among clients, 39.7% reported recent secondary cannabis use, with 30.8% of these clients meeting criteria for problem use. Problem users were more likely to be interested in receiving treatment for cannabis use than non-problem users (51.4% versus 10.8%, p?<?.001). Nearly half of staff (48.5%) thought secondary cannabis use should be addressed early in treatment.
Conclusions: Two out of five drug treatment clients used cannabis and a third experienced cannabis-related problems. Many are willing to address cannabis use, but defined treatment pathways are needed. 相似文献
Methods: We studied 200 patients: 100 hypertensive and 100 normotensive. The parameters we evaluated included: patient age, ABI, IMT, PWV, serum uric acid and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, the cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE and Framingham scales was assessed.
Results: In the hypertensive group, there were significant correlations between ABI and the Framingham scale in both sexes. In hypertensive women, there were also significant correlations between IMT and the SCORE scale risk, and IMT and the Framingham scale risk.
In normotensive women, there were significant correlations between ABI and the SCORE scale risk, and between ABI and the Framingham scale risk. In normotensive men, there were significant correlations between PWV and the SCORE scale risk, and between PWV and the Framingham scale risk. Lastly, in the group of normotensive men, there were significant correlations between IMT and the SCORE scale risk, and IMT and the Framingham scale risk.
The possibility of correctly classifying a patient into the high-risk category by a logistic regression model using synchronous ABI, IMT and PWV was high – 74% for the risk according to the SCORE scale (66% in men, 88% in women), and 98% for the Framingham scale.
Conclusions: The addition of recognized subclinical target organ damage tests to the estimation of cardiovascular risk can significantly strengthen the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular risk estimation follow-up with ABI, PWV and IMT increased the probability of correctly classifying people, especially women, into an at least high-risk category according to the SCORE scale, which has valuable therapeutic implications. 相似文献
Methods: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) MPs loaded with pIGF-1 were prepared, characterised and evaluated using double emulsion solvent evaporation method.
Results: Spherical MPs showed an average particle size of 2?µm, encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 67% and 50% degradation over 15?days. With a view to enhancing retention in the myocardium, the MP formulation was encapsulated in a cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel. pIGF-1 released from MPs and from MPs suspended in hyaluronic acid hydrogel remained bioactive, determined by a significant increase in cellular proliferation of c-kit+ cells.
Conclusion: This formulation has potential for loco-regional delivery to damaged myocardium to promote the survival of cardiomyocytes. 相似文献
Research design and methods: This multicenter, open-label, single-group, prospective interventional study evaluated changes in total gait-related scores of the Part II/III Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) in 31 Parkinson’s disease patients treated with istradefylline. Gait analysis by portable gait rhythmogram was performed.
Results: MDS-UPDRS Part III gait-related total scores significantly decreased at Weeks 4–12 from baseline with significant improvements in gait, freezing of gait, and postural stability. Significant decreases in MDS-UPDRS Part II total scores and individual item scores at Week 12 indicated improved daily living activities. At Week 12, there were significant improvements in FOG-Q, new FOG-Q, and overall movement per 48 h measured by portable gait rhythmogram. Adverse events occurred in 7/31 patients.
Conclusions: Istradefylline improved gait disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients complicated with freezing of gait, improving their quality of life. No unexpected adverse drug reactions were identified.
Trial registration: UMIN-CTR (UMIN000020288). 相似文献
Areas covered: This paper focuses on the pathophysiology of transplantation-related AKI and recent findings on cellular stress responses at the intersection of 1. The Unfolded protein response; 2. Mitochondrial dysfunction; 3. The benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Lastly, perspectives are offered to the readers.
Expert opinion: Renal IRI is caused by a sudden and temporary impairment of blood flow to the organ.
Defining the underlying cellular cascades involved in IRI will assist us in the identification of novel interventional targets to attenuate IRI with the potential to improve transplantation outcomes. Targeting mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics upstream of cellular damage may offer several advantages compared to targeting downstream inflammatory and fibrosis processes.
An improved understanding of the cellular pathophysiological mechanisms leading to kidney injury will hopefully offer improved targeted therapies to prevent and treat the injury in the future. 相似文献
Methods: This was a retrospective claims study of adults with HIV-1 receiving ARV treatment between January 2010–December 2014. Follow-up began at first ARV treatment and ended at health plan disenrollment or study end. ARV regimens for treatment-naïve patients were categorized as “preferred/recommended”, “alternative”, or “non-preferred/recommended/alternative” according to DHHS guidelines. ARV adherence was evaluated using proportion of days covered (PDC) and medication possession ratio (MPR).
Results: The analysis included 25,320 patients (84.4% male, mean age 45.3 years) and 39,071 regimens. Preferred/recommended regimens were most common during each study year, but the proportion of non-preferred/recommended/alternative regimens was substantial (15.9–20.6%). Only 53.6% of patients had optimal adherence by PDC ≥0.95, and 57.9% by MPR ≥0.95. Guideline non-compliance and sub-optimal adherence were more prevalent among female vs male patients (22.6% vs 14.8% [in 2014] and 65.9% vs 53.7%, respectively).
Conclusions: Provider non-compliance with DHHS guidelines and sub-optimal ARV adherence among patients with HIV remain common in real-world practice, particularly for female patients. Healthcare providers should follow the latest clinical guidelines to ensure that patients receive recommended therapy, and address non-adherence when selecting ARV regimens. 相似文献
Materials and methods: The study was developed in an installed additive manufacturing machine, having controlled temperature and humidity in an industrial unit where metal parts were being produced using stainless steel powders of granulometry of 10 to 35?μm.
Results and discussion: Monitoring of airborne nanoparticles emission was made using adequate equipment, which showed considerable number of nanoparticles over the baseline, having the same composition as the steel powder used.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the values of professional exposure to nanoparticles are high in these workstations and that the nanoparticles to which the workers are exposed are small in size (around 15?nm), thus having a strong capacity for alveolar penetration and, consequently, with a strong possibility of passing to the bloodstream, accumulating in the body. 相似文献
Design and methods: Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the experiences of 31 Greek addiction professionals who participated in focus groups.
Findings: Professionals adopted various interventions which included (a) respond to parents quest for help, (b) involvement of the distant parent in treatment, (c) boundary setting, (d) facilitation of parent-child communication, and (e) support of parental changes. These interventions were perceived as necessary, both for motivating and sustaining the client’s change, and for alleviating the parents’ chronic grief and distress over their child’s addiction.
Conclusion: Overall, addiction professionals perceived low intensity interventions, information giving, and non- judgmental informal interactions as catalysts for the parents involvement in addiction treatment. 相似文献
Purpose: Characteristics of the main safety parameters of biosimilar hormone preparations licensed by EMA.
Methods: This paper analyzes the results demonstrating the similarities and differences between biosimilar and reference hormone products indicated in the EPAR (public assessment report) for the examination of materials presented for the licensing of biosimilar products.
Results: During the development of biosimilar hormone medicines, differences in the glycosylation profile between biosimilar and reference preparations are revealed. As biotherapeutical preparations are produced by cells, the differences in glycosylation profile between biosimilar and referent preparation are predictable. While carrying out clinical studies, a high similarity of biosimilar and reference product effectiveness is shown, but some differences between them in the safety profile are revealed.
Conclusions: The study of biosimilar product safety has shown the necessity of further improvement in safety and standard approaches for the assessment of the immunogenicity of biosimilar products. 相似文献
Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis conducted between 2011 and 2015, in patients with T2DM receiving OADs as FDC or TPC. Outcomes included prescribing patterns, treatment persistence and adherence.
Results: Data from 3474 and 3066 patients receiving FDCs, and 4325 and 5192 patients receiving TPCs from the JMDC and MDV databases, respectively, was extracted. The most common OAD combination received by over half of all patients was dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) + thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (64.1% [JMDC] and 70.5% [MDV]). Overall, 12-month persistence rates were higher in patients receiving FDCs compared with TPCs (70.4 vs. 66.2% [JMDC], 75.6 vs. 55.7% [MDV]). In the JMDC population receiving FDCs or TPCs, persistence rates were highest with DPP-4i schedules (67.5–83.5%). Median time to discontinuation was significantly longer with biguanide?+?TZD, and DPP-4i?+?TZD FDC schedules (p < .05) than TPC; adherence rates were ≥80% across all antidiabetic drug classes in both database populations.
Conclusions: Persistence with and adherence to OADs in Japanese patients with T2DM were greater with FDCs than with TPCs, which may suggest increased patient satisfaction due to reduced treatment burden. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of adherence and persistence of FDCs of OADs on glycemic control. 相似文献
Methods: Ca-alginate beads were produced by electrostatic extrusion process. Gelatine/alginate coacervates were processed with coacervation. Carnauba wax microparticles were produced using melt dispersion process. Morphological properties, chemical, and thermal stabilities of encapsulates were tested by SEM, FTIR spectral, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Results: Alginate provided sufficient emulsion stability over 1?h. Ca-alginate showed higher encapsulation efficiency (EE) (98.4?±?4.3%) compared to carnauba wax (94.2?±?7.8%) and gelatine/alginate coacervates (13.2?±?1.2%). The presence of essential oil in all three types of encapsulates confirmed with FTIR. The encapsulation process ensured controlled release and thermal stability of the oil.
Conclusions: Ca-alginate matrix as the most suitable for peppermint essential oil encapsulation. The sensory analysis showed that ice cream incorporating encapsulates is a promising system for the consumption of health beneficial peppermint essential oil. 相似文献
Methods: The SOCS consists of three subscales: social network app overuse (S-scale), recreational app overuse (R-scale), and information overload (I-scale). A total of 849 participants were recruited to complete questionnaires, including the SOCS, Young’s Diagnosis Questionnaire (Young’s DQ) and a demographic data form.
Results: Three factors (cognitive disorder, behavioral disorder, and mood disorder) were extracted from each subscale of the SOCS, and these explained over 60% of the variance of each subscale. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.849 for the SOCS and 0.813, 0.726, and 0.706 for the S-scale, R-scale and I-scale, respectively. Intra-class correlations for the SOCS and its subscales ranged from 0.768 to 0.879. The SOCS and its subscales were moderately or highly correlated with Young’s DQ.
Conclusions: The SOCS may provide a basis for developing specific intervention schemes for different types of smartphone overuse. 相似文献
2. Serum concentrations of ADC and total antibody were detected using validated ELISA methods. The results showed low systemic clearance of both ADC and total antibody in all three species as reflected by gradual decrease in serum concentrations. Half-life (t1/2) of ADC ranged from 4.6 to 11.3?days in the three species.
3. Tissue distribution study in tumor-bearing mice showed high accumulation of 125I-SHR-A1403 in tumor tissues over the other organs/tissues, indicating the favorable safety of SHR-A1403 and characteristics of an ADC drug.
4. Relatively low grade of anti-drug antibody (ADA) in monkeys had no impact on PK profile of the ADC.
5. During discovery stage, undesirable exposure and/or ADA incidence were observed for SHR-A1403 with high or low drug-antibody ratio (DAR), which was DAR?=?5 to 6 and DAR?=?1, respectively, and therefore prompted selection of an appropriate DAR value (DAR?=?2) for SHR-A1403 used in preclinical development and clinical trials.
6. In conclusion, our work demonstrated favorable PK characterization of SHR-A1403, and supported for investigational new drug application (IND) and the ongoing first-in-human trial in the US. 相似文献