我国草果研究文献的分析

目的对我国1954年²013年学术刊物上发表的草果研究文献进行统计分析,定量分析出我国草果研究的主要人物、研究领域、研究单位及现状。方法利用《中文科技期刊全文数据库》等检索工具数据库,采用文献计量法,对我国学术刊物上发表的草果研究文献进行统计分析。结果定量分析出了我国草果研究的主要人物、研究领域、研究单位及现状,明确了各年研究的重点、热点、核心人物和主要机构。结论对我国草果研究有了全面的了解,清楚了年发文量、合作度、合作率、期刊分布、研究单位等指标和内容,对于草果的进一步研究和学科的发展有重要的指导作用。     

网络游戏成瘾国内研究现状分析

网络游戏成瘾(Internet Game Addiction)的研究,伴随着网络、游戏技术的发展以及使用人群的增加,在近20年里成为网络心理学领域研究最多、最获关注的亚领域,国内外研究者从概念界定、病理研究、危害影响以及干预方法等多个方面进行了探讨。目的:对网络游戏成瘾国内研究现状进行分析,提出未来研究的可行方向。方法:采用文献法,从概念界定、研究数量、研究方法、测量工具几个方面对纳入文献进行分析,并对比国外相关研究。结果:根据研究特点,我国网络游戏成瘾研究分为萌芽阶段(1999-2005年)、早期阶段(2006-2010年)、成熟阶段(2011年至今)。结论:研究阶段的划分,于研究纵向上厘清了进程、预测了重点,于研究横向上明确了定位、充实了本土化研究,并为国内研究提出了下一步研究的方向。     

图书馆可视化技术研究的文献计量分析

本研究对我国图书馆可视化技术研究的论文进行了统计,对论文的时间分布、单位分布、作者分布、被引情况、基金资助情况、高频关键词等指标进行了分析,总结了图书馆可视化技术的四个热点研究方向:信息组织可视化、信息检索可视化、信息分析可视化和信息服务可视化,揭示了我国图书馆可视化技术研究的发展现状,并反思了研究中存在的问题。     

缓释制剂体内研究有关问题的思考

文中对缓释制剂体内研究涉及的有关问题进行了分析讨论,重点讨论了缓释制剂的生物利用度及生物等效性研究的基本要求、多规格缓释制剂体内研究的考虑、缓释制剂临床试验的基本研究思路,强调了食物对生物利用度影响研究及餐后生物等效性试验在缓释制剂体内研究中的重要性,并对体内研究与药学研究的关系以及如何结合体内外研究结果开展进一步工作进行了阐述。     

中医药领域跨学科研究回顾及体制化建设展望

简要叙述了中医药学自文革之后多学科研究发展的概况。首先,分析了多学科研究大发展的历史背景和理论背景,并说明了用"跨学科研究"概念代替中医学界惯用的"多学科研究"概念的意义。然后,以中医学与信息科学、复杂性科学、光学的跨学科研究为例,介绍了中医学跨学科研究发展的现状。最后,总结了中医学30年来发展跨学科研究的经验,提出了发展中医跨学科研究体制化建设的建议。     

亚洲毒品问题研究的特征演化与热点前沿——基于WOS数据库的知识图谱分析与可视化呈现

本文系统整理了1976年1月至2021年8月间Web of Science中SSCI收录期刊中的208篇有关亚洲地区毒品问题的研究文章，运用CiteSpace对其研究特征和主题进行分析总结。研究发现，亚洲毒品问题研究经历了萌芽、分化和涌现三个阶段，研究主题涵盖了药物滥用、毒品与国家治理、毒品与犯罪以及预防与治疗四大方面。亚洲毒品问题未来研究趋势应加强跨国主体间的协同合作，深入研究主题和理论探讨，实证研究不仅需要采借、融入已有的理论研究，还需要寻找新理论研究的方向。     

创新药物研究与高通量筛选

根据新药研究的资料,讨论了创新药物的特点和开发研究的规律,总结了创新药物的类型,论述了创新药物的发现、研究的关键技术问题和思路.根据实际工作内容,介绍了高通量药物筛选的概念、原理、方法和步骤,分析了高通量药物筛选技术在创新药物研究中的优势和不足,论述了高通量药物筛选技术在创新药物研究中的地位和应用前景.     

药学专业实验课研究性教学的探索与实践

目的建立药学专业实验课研究性教学策略,提高学生的实践能力和创新精神,培养基础研究、新药研制和生产经营的复合型药学人才。方法采用调查研究、文献研究和实验研究等方法。结果设置了药学专业实验课研究性教学的实验内容、构建了开放教学的形式,建立了研究性教学的平台。结论取得了较好的应用成效。     

中药复方配伍研究方法概况与进展

简要介绍了中药复方配伍研究的思路与基本方法,从中药复方配伍的药理学、化学成分、药代动力学方面总结了目前中药配伍研究的现状及存在的问题,并对研究前景作了展望。     

中药靶向制剂研究进展

检索了近5年(1999-2004年)来万方、维普、CNKI、PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库中有关中药靶向制剂研究的文献,井对其进行了综合分析和总结.从微球制剂、复合性乳剂以及脂质体三方面对中药靶向制剂的研究进展作了介绍和展望.指出了中药靶向制剂研究存在的问题与进一步研究的建议.中药靶向制剂的研究切实可行,并且具有其独特的临床意义和优势.     

The debate on DDT

The paper reviews the early toxicologic and pharmacologic studies carried out by the author and his associates from 1943 to 1947, which were largely responsible for launching DDT as an agent for the control of typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and related vector-borne diseases. After reviewing recent studies conducted at the University of Miami, which dealt with organochlorine pesticides in human tissues, the tumorigenicity of aldrin, dieldrin and endrin (rat), six-generation mouse and three-generation dog reproduction studies, synergism of DDT and aldrin (dog), and the fate of DDT and aldrin during a period of severe starvation (rat), it is pointed out that it is primarily the overuse and misuse of DDT in pest control that have caused the pollution in our ecology. It is emphasized that the requirements for pest control differ the world over and that it must therefore be left to the national regulatory agencies to legislate the safe use of DDT and related pesticides. It is recommended that future human and animal studies with DDT and its derivatives give consideration to: (a) the balance and metabolism of the various hormones, (b) reproduction (estrus, libido, mammary development, milk production, (c) hepatic microsomal enzyme activities, (d) cancer prevention and cancer production, (e) excessive body weight changes induced by disease, unbalanced diet or starvation, and (f) the effects of DDT and its derivatives when absorbed in combination with other related and even unrelated compounds.Presented at the joint meeting of the Scandinavian and German Pharmacological Societies, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 20–23, 1971.     

Subacute toxicity evaluation of a new camptothecin anticancer agent CKD-602 administered by intravenous injection to rats

The subacute toxicity of a new camptothecin anticancer agent, CKD-602, was investigated after 4-week repeated intravenous administration of the chemical in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test chemical was administered intravenously to rats at dose levels of 0, 0.003, 0.013, or 0.067 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 0.004, 0.018, or 0.089 mg/kg/day for females. At the end of the treatment period, 10 rats/sex/group were sacrificed. The remaining 5 rats/sex in the vehicle control and high dose groups continued the study without treatment for 2 weeks (recovery period). During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and histopathology were examined. In both sexes of the high dose group, an increase in the incidence of abnormal clinical signs and paleness of the eyes, a reduction in the body weight gain, food consumption and urine protein, and an increase in the water consumption were observed. Hematological investigations revealed a decrease in the red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit and an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets, and reticulocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Serum total cholesterol and total protein values were lower in females than those of controls, but not in males. An increase in the heart and liver weights and a decrease in the thymus weight were also found. Histopathological alterations included an increase in the incidence of atrophy of the sternal marrow, atrophy, fibrosis and mast cell hyperplasia of the femoral marrow, atrophy of the white pulp and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen, atrophy of the thymus, auricular hypertrophy of the heart, extramedullary hematopoiesis and centriacinar telangiectasis of the liver, follicular degeneration of the ovary, and inflammation of the tail. The major treatment-related effects were not recovered at the end of 2-week recovery period. There were no adverse effects in the low and middle dose groups of both genders. In the present experimental conditions, the target organs were determined to be bone marrow, blood cells, spleen, liver, thymus, and heart. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 0.013 mg/kg/day for males and 0.018 mg/kg/day for females.     

海星皂苷生物活性与制备研究进展

海洋是全球药物研发的重要宝库，提高海洋生物资源深度开发和高值化利用能力，是我国海洋强国战略的重要组成部分，也是促进海洋经济可持续发展及实施“蓝色药库”的关键途径之一。海星属典型的棘皮动物，进化地位和生物学特征独特，是国际公认的药用/保健用海洋生物。海星中含有皂苷、多糖、多肽、氨基酸、胶原蛋白、甾醇及生物碱等多种营养成分和活性物质，其中海星皂苷在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗衰老及降血脂等方面展现出良好的生物活性，在食品和药物研发领域具有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文系统检索了近30年海星皂苷的研发现况，并且对近15年来海星皂苷的生物活性、提取分离及相关专利等方面取得的研究进展进行梳理，进而为其在营养保健和药物研发中的应用提供相关理论支持。     

肠道菌群与健康、疾病和药物作用的影响

肠道菌群作为人体内一个复杂的微生态系统,在维持人体微生态的稳态中,肠道菌群在维持宿主生理功能具有上非常重要的作用,也对许多代谢性疾病、免疫性疾病以及肿瘤都有着密切的关系,且对于药物治疗合理安全有效具有重要意义。本文从正视存在人体的细菌的有益性和有害性、肠道菌群与健康和寿命、肠道菌群与疾病以及药物作用的影响等4方面分析和讨论。肠道菌群与不同类型药物的关系已经成为近些年的热点研究领域,本文分别讨论免疫治疗、化学药物、抗生素和中药的相关问题,希望为认识药物治疗过程、科学合理用药、认识药物作用机制、新药研究开发等研究有所参考。     

新疆高寒地区家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中的弯曲菌带菌情况的调查分析

目的调查高寒地区家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中弯曲菌的分布情况。方法对12种家畜、家禽胆汁与肠内容物中的弯曲菌进行分离、培养、鉴定,并观察7种家畜、家禽胆汁弯曲菌的存活时间。结果在1814份家畜、家禽胆汁中发现,猪、牛、马、羊、狗、猫、鸡、鹅、鸭、鹌鹑、鸽子、家兔的胆汁中弯曲菌带菌率分别为6.67%、4.17%、4.94%、3.64%、8.93%、19.05%、6.41%、2.78%、6.48%、24.39%、5.66%、0。体外实验证明,弯曲菌在胆汁中可存活4～7周。结论高寒地区家畜、家禽肠内容物的带菌率均高于同种家畜、家禽的胆汁带菌率,提示该区家畜、家禽是弯曲菌的重要传染源。     

Molecular handling of cadmium in transporting epithelia

Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that affects adversely a number of organs in humans and other mammals, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, testis, and placenta. The liver and kidneys, which are the primary organs involved in the elimination of systemic Cd, are especially sensitive to the toxic effects of Cd. Because Cd ions possess a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups and thiolate anions, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the handling and toxicity of Cd in target organs can be defined largely by the molecular interactions that occur between Cd ions and various sulfhydryl-containing molecules that are present in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments. A great deal of scientific data have been collected over the years to better define the toxic effects of Cd in the primary target organs. Notwithstanding all of the new developments made and information gathered, it is surprising that very little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake, retention, and elimination of Cd in target epithelial cells. Therefore, the primary purpose of this review is to summarize and put into perspective some of the more salient current findings, assertions, and hypotheses pertaining to the transport and handling of Cd in the epithelial cells of target organs. Particular attention has been placed on the molecular mechanisms involved in the absorption, retention, and secretion of Cd in small intestinal enterocytes, hepatocytes, and tubular epithelial cells lining both proximal and distal portions of the nephron. The purpose of this review is not only to provide a summary of published findings but also to provide speculations and testable hypotheses based on contemporary findings made in other areas of research, with the hope that they may promote and serve as the impetus for future investigations designed to define more precisely the cellular mechanisms involved in the transport and handling of Cd within the body.     

医用纳米与基因药物口服化的探索

口服给药乃是疾病防治的主要手段之一,由于方便、有效、舒适、安全受到患者与医生的普遍欢迎。但是大分子药物在肠道的摄取和吸收仍然缺乏详尽的有效研究。最近十多年来，利用纳米技术开展大分子药物在肠道的摄取和吸收取得了可喜的进展。本文系统地阐述纳米颗粒、蛋白转导、纳米微粒在肠道的摄取位点、摄取细胞种类与吸收的关系。本文对口服给药基因治疗这一新颖的给药途径的探索予以重点介绍，并讨论了目前口服基因药物传递及基因表达的主要障碍和未来发展趋势。     

Retinal Delivery of Celecoxib Is Several-Fold Higher Following Subconjunctival Administration Compared to Systemic Administration

PURPOSE: We have previously demonstrated that celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, reaches the retina following repeated oral administrations and inhibits diabetes-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression and vascular leakage in a rat model. The aim of this study was to quantify the relative retinal bioavailability of celecoxib from the subconjunctival route compared to a systemic route. METHODS: The plasma and ocular tissue distribution of celecoxib was determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats following subconjunctival and intraperitoneal administrations of drug suspension at a dose of 3 mg/rat. The animals were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h post-dosing, the blood was collected, and the eyes were enucleated and frozen. The plasma, sclera, retina, vitreous, lens, and the cornea were isolated and celecoxib levels were determined using an HPLC method. The tissue exposure of the drug was measured as the area under the curve (AUC(0-infinity)) of the concentration vs. time profiles. The relative bioavailability was estimated as the AUC(0-infinity) ratio between subconjunctival and intraperitoneal groups. RESULTS: For the subconjunctivally dosed (ipsilateral) eye, the AUC(0-infinity) ratios between subconjunctival and intraperitoneal groups were 0.8 +/- 0.1, 53 +/- 4, 54 +/- 8, 145 +/- 21, 61 +/- 16, and 52 +/- 6 for plasma, sclera, retina, vitreous, lens, and cornea, respectively. For the contralateral ocular tissues, the AUC0-infinity ratios were 1.2 +/- 03, 11 +/- 0.3, 1.1 +/- 0.4, 1.0 +/- 0.3, and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in the sclera, retina, vitreous, lens, and the cornea, respectively, between the subconjunctival and the intraperitoneal groups. Assuming that the drug AUCs in contralateral eye were equal to the systemic pathway contribution to AUCs in the ipsilateral eye, the percent contribution of local pathways as opposed to systemic circulation for celecoxib delivery to the ipsilateral eye tissues was estimated to be 98% or greater. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal delivery of celecoxib was substantially higher following subconjunctival administration compared to the intraperitoneal route. The transscleral pathway almost completely accounts for the retinal celecoxib delivery following subconjunctival administration.     

Effects of overexpression of IncRNA AC079466.1 on apoptosis of NSCLC cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway北大核心CSCD

目的初步探讨lncRNA AC079466.1在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织和细胞中的表达,及其过表达对A549和H1299细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法收集20例NSCLC患者癌组织及相应的癌旁组织,qRT-PCR检测lncRNA AC079466.1在组织和细胞中的表达。转染过表达质粒为AC079466.1组,转染空质粒为NC组,无转染为Blank组。MTT、流式细胞术、Transwell检测过表达lncRNA AC079466.1对A549和H1299细胞活力、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的影响;Western blot检测过表达lncRNA AC079466.1对内质网应激相关因子GRP78、PERK、eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP,以及Bax、caspase-3表达的影响。结果与癌旁组织相比,癌组织中lncRNA AC079466.1的表达水平明显降低;与HBE细胞相比,lncRNA AC079466.1在A549和H1299细胞的表达量明显降低。与Blank组和NC组相比,AC079466.1组A549和H1299细胞的活力、迁移、侵袭能力均明显下降,凋亡率明显升高,内质网应激相关因子GRP78、p-PERK、eIF2α、ATF4、CHOP,以及Bax、caspase-3表达均明显上调。结论过表达lncRNA AC079466.1可明显抑制A549和H1299细胞的活力、迁移和侵袭能力,并促进细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与促进内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡有关。