妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的病理

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的病理浙江医科大学妇产科医院（３１０００６）赵承洛妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（ｇｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｔｒｏｐｈｏｂｌａｓｔｉｃｔｕｍｏｒ，ＧＴＴ）具有胚胎绒毛滋养细胞的一些生理特性，如向母体组织血管浸润，放逐的绒毛滋养细胞可在母体血管内游走，因...     

滋养细胞肿瘤的化学治疗

滋养细胞肿瘤的化学治疗上海医科大学妇产科医院（２０００１１）张惜阴滋养细胞肿瘤多见于年轻妇女，危害很大，６０年代以前多采用手术和放射治疗，疗效极差，６０年代以后随着各种化学抗癌药物的不断合成并逐步应用于治疗滋养细胞肿瘤，获得了一定效果。近年来由于细胞...     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤不良结局临床分析

目的分析妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者预后的影响因素。方法回顾分析了我院1993年-2006年收治的妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者中不良结局的4例病例,对其临床表现、诊断分期和治疗方法及死因进行分析讨论。结果4例死亡病例中3例为晚期绒癌,1例为恶性葡萄胎术后化疗后,4例患者均未能坚持规律化疗,其中1例有严重的化疗副作用,1例出现化疗耐药后接受手术治疗。4例患者最终均死于呼吸循环衰竭,确诊至死亡时间均未超过半年。结论对于妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤,除转移病灶等分期及预后评分因素外,坚持规范合理的化疗,选择合适的手术时机,减少误诊、误治的几率对改善妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者的预后有重要意义。     

高危型妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的评估与治疗

背景与目的：妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(gestational trophoblastic neoplasm,GTN)是一组起源于胎盘滋养细胞的疾病,因为化疗敏感,绝大多数GTN患者的预后良好。然而,对于高危型GTN由于化疗耐药以及肿瘤复发的存在,其治愈率仅为70%～80%。该研究旨在分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院10年间高危型GTN的诊疗情况。方法：收集2003年1月—2013年1月该院高危型GTN患者的临床资料,从化疗、手术等方面分析其临床特点及其临床转归。结果：10年间我院共收治高危型GTN患者51例,其中5例患者因未完成治疗予以排除,故仅对46例高危型GTN患者予以评估。46例高危型GTN患者,单纯化疗27例,化疗联合手术19例。44例高危型GTN患者接受以EMA-CO(依托泊苷+甲氨蝶呤+Act-D/长春新碱+环磷酰胺)化疗方案为基础的治疗,其中36例患者获得完全缓解(completed response,CR),CR率为81.82%(36/44),8例对EMA-CO耐药;8例EMA-CO化疗方案耐药的患者中,6例更换为EMA-EP(依托泊苷+甲氨蝶呤+Act-D/顺铂+依托泊苷)方案(其中2例接受手术治疗)后获得CR,2例因耐药、疾病进展最终死亡。余2例高危型GTN患者采用其他化疗方案(1例5-FU+KSM,另1例因误诊为持续性异位妊娠接受MTX方案化疗,待手术病理证实为绒癌后由MTX更换为EMA-CO方案)获得CR,故46例患者中,CR率为95.65%(44/46)。19例手术患者中,1例因化疗耐药死亡,余18例均经化疗联合手术治疗获得CR,故手术联合化疗者CR率为94.70%(18/19)。结论：规范的联合化疗对提高高危型GTN的完全缓解率至关重要,手术治疗在高危型GTN治疗中的作用不可忽视。     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断与治疗

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤包括侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌，在未发现有效的化疗药物以前，妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的死亡率极高。近年来由于高度敏感性的化疗药出现特异性肿瘤标志物的HCG应用，妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤成为迄今预后最好的恶性肿瘤，且大多数患者可保留其生育功能。本文主要讨论了目前妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断、分期和临床处理。     

PE方案治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤临床观察

我院对近两年收治的恶性滋养细胞肿瘤共 2 0例给予Ｖｐ 16及顺铂联合化疗 ,探讨ＰＥ方案治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的可行性。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料我院 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 9月住院治疗的恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者 2 0例 ,诊断标准参照《中华妇产科杂志》 1998年“妇科常见恶性     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤免疫治疗的演进

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤是异常妊娠的一系列疾病,与免疫有着密切的关系.虽然该类肿瘤对化疗十分敏感,也是人类第1个可通过化疗获得治愈的妇科肿瘤,但仍有少数耐药、复发和多脏器转移的难治性病例,甚至也有死亡者.近60年来学者们不断进行多种免疫治疗的探索.近年来国内外均有报道程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell deat...     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤化疗后病人再生育问题

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤化疗后病人再生育问题中国医学科学院北京协和医院妇产科（１００７３０）宋鸿钊，杨秀玉长期以来，治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤病人都以切除子宫为主要手段。即使在找到了有效的化学疗法之后，也因子宫是原发病灶，多数人仍主张切除子宫。这样病人虽获得了生命...     

氟脲嘧啶脱氧核苷治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤疗效观察

目的探讨氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(floxuridine,FUDR,氟苷)治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效和毒性.方法观察组(A组)25例,接受FUDR治疗;对照组(B组)30例,接受5-Fu治疗.结果 A、B两组治愈率分别为92.0%(23/25)及93.3%(28/30,P＞0.05).A组消化道反应、脱发、口腔溃疡、局部静脉炎发生率低于B组(P＜0.01).结论 FUDR治疗滋养细胞肿瘤疗效确切,毒性较5-Fu低,值得临床推广应用.     

低危妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的治疗进展

由于血绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）监测肿瘤的高敏感性和特异性,及化疗的有效性,使妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,GTN）成为迄今预后最好的恶性肿瘤,低危GTN治愈率为100％,而高危患者也可达86％。因此对于低危GTN患者来说,治疗方案的选择更需考虑患者的生活质量。     

Comparison of MACT and 5Fu+ACT-D chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

The study aimed to compare the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) cervical injections + actinomycin-D (ACT-D)(MACT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) + actinomycin-D (5-Fu plus ACT-D) chemotherapy regimens for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (LR-GTN). Clinical data from 66 LR-GTN patients, admitted to the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2010 to April 2012, were analysed retrospectively. In total, 32 patients were treated with a MACT therapeutic regimen and the remaining 34 with a 5Fu + ACT-D therapeutic regimen. Complete remission rates (CR), duration of treatment, hospital stay and toxicity effects were compared. There was no statistical difference in CR for the MACT (90.63%) or the 5-Fu plus ACT-D (100%) therapeutic regimens (p = 0.0676) or in the duration of treatment [MACT (3.50) or 5-Fu plus ACT-D (3.71; p = 0.2021)]. Moreover, the hospital stay in the 5-Fu plus ACT-D group (32.88 days) was significantly longer than for the MACT group (22.09 days; p ＜ 0.001). Furthermore, the degree of myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis and alopecia was more severe in the 5Fu + ACT-D group (p ＜ 0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in the severity of liver function damage between the two groups. A shorter hospital stay, lower hospitalization cost and slightly more toxic effects were observed in LR-GTN patients treated with the MACT therapeutic regimen. We suggest that the MACT regimen should be used as first-line chemotherapy for LR-GTN.     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤保留生育功能的治疗

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(gestational trophoblastic neoplasms,GTN)包括侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒毛膜癌、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤和上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤。由于GTN多发生于育龄妇女,治疗的同时保留患者的生育功能显得尤为重要。本文详细阐述了保留生育功能治疗GTN的方法,如化疗、栓塞治疗、保守性手术、放疗等,并总结了治疗后的妊娠结局。     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后因素探讨

目的探讨不同治疗措施对恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后的影响.方法对1994年1月～2000 年12月我院收治的58例恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者的治疗措施及治疗效果进行回顾分析,随诊1～8年,比较刮宫次数≤2次或＞ 2以上、是否规范化疗及选择合理手术时机的治疗效果.结果恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者刮宫次数≤2次与刮宫次数＞ 2次的疗效比较、是否选择合理手术时机的疗效比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05);不规范化疗与规范化疗的疗效比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01).结论正确的治疗措施即避免多次刮宫、进行规范化疗及选择合理手术时机是恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后的重要影响因素.     

Advances in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy of gestational trophoblastic tumor: current practice and future perspectives

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare pregnancy-related gynecological malignancy caused by abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblastic cells. It can invade the uterine muscle layer and metastasize early, more common in women of childbearing age. GTN is invasive and can destroy surrounding tissues and blood vessels, causing massive bleeding in uterus and metastatic sites (such as lung, liver, brain, etc.) through blood transfer. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for GTN, and the disease is extremely sensitive to chemotherapy and can be cured by chemotherapy. However, in clinical practice, a large number of patients have failed chemotherapy or even multiple treatments due to drug resistance, recurrence or metastasis of special sites. Therefore, how to individually select the initial chemotherapy regimen and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance is the key to the treatment of high-risk GTN. With the remarkable efficacy of immunotherapy in endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and other diseases, the research on GTN has been further deepened. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanism, methods and efficacy of GTN immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of GTN.     

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia worldwide

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare tumor that originates from pregnancy that includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma (CCA), placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (PSTT/ETT). GTN presents different degrees of proliferation, invasion and dissemination, but, if treated in reference centers, has high cure rates, even in multi-metastatic cases. The diagnosis of GTN following a hydatidiform molar pregnancy is made according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2000 criteria: four or more plateaued human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations over three weeks; rise in hCG for three consecutive weekly measurements over at least a period of 2 weeks or more; and an elevated but falling hCG concentrations six or more months after molar evacuation. However, the latter reason for treatment is no longer used by many centers. In addition, GTN is diagnosed with a pathological diagnosis of CCA or PSTT/ETT. For staging after a molar pregnancy, FIGO recommends pelvic-transvaginal Doppler ultrasound and chest X-ray. In cases of pulmonary metastases with more than 1 cm, the screening should be complemented with chest computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance image. Single agent chemotherapy, usually Methotrexate (MTX) or Actinomycin-D (Act-D), can cure about 70% of patients with FIGO/World Health Organization (WHO) prognosis risk score ≤ 6 (low risk), reserving multiple agent chemotherapy, such as EMA/CO (Etoposide, MTX, Act-D, Cyclophosphamide and Oncovin) for cases with FIGO/WHO prognosis risk score ≥ 7 (high risk) that is often metastatic. Best overall cure rates for low and high risk disease is close to 100% and > 95%, respectively. The management of PSTT/ETT differs and cure rates tend to be a bit lower. The early diagnosis of this disease and the appropriate treatment avoid maternal death, allow the healing and maintenance of the reproductive potential of these women.     

Severe peritonitis induced by methotrexate during treatment of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease

This letter reports a case of methotrexate-induced peritonitis in an extensively investigated patient.     

妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤34例诊治分析

为了分析恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的发病、诊断及治疗后转归,探讨妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤临床分期的特点及最佳治疗手段,对34例妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者采用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）、放线菌素D静脉联合化疗和（或）顺铂（DDP）、5-FU、多柔比星介入化疗及栓塞治疗,甲氨蝶呤、5-FU局部化疗或联合手术治疗等手段。结果：Ⅰ、Ⅱ期侵蚀性葡萄胎（IM）和绒癌（CC）患者,经采用联合化疗、介入治疗兼手术治疗治愈率100％,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者采用联合化疗、手术治疗亦可获得较满意的效果。初步研究结果提示,恶性滋养细胞肿瘤应早诊断早治疗,采取以化疗为主、手术治疗为辅的综合治疗手段,多数患者可以获得相对满意的治疗效果。     

表现为持续性低水平人类绒毛膜促性腺激素的妊娠滋养细胞疾病六例

目的 分析表现为持续性低水平人类绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)的妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)的临床特点、诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析6例表现为持续性低水平β-hCG升高的GTD患者的临床资料并进行文献复习.结果 6例患者观察低水平β-hCG的时间为10～53个月,血清β-hCG值波动范嗣为3～637 U/L.末次妊娠性质5例为葡萄胎,1例为流产.葡萄胎后的5例患者接受了多次化疗,结束化疗后血清β-hCG维持正常1～12个月后又低水平回升,仅1例患者在病程第30个月出现肺部病灶,经手术和再次化疗后治愈,余4例及1例流产后患者在病程及随访中均无临床肿瘤证据,流产后患者未行治疗.结论 表现为持续性低水平β-hCG的GTD是一类特殊疾病,对化疗反应轻微,多数不发病,在无临床肿瘤证据时,给予治疗要慎重.