鼻中隔偏曲两侧窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异的差异

目的探讨鼻中隔偏曲患者两侧窦口鼻道复合体（ostiomeatalcomplex,OMC）的解剖变异。方法对103例不同部位鼻中隔偏曲的患者作鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦冠状位、轴位CT扫描,比较两侧OMC解剖变异发生率和鼻窦炎发病率的差异。结果偏曲对侧中、下鼻甲肥大的发生率明显高于同侧（P<0.05）,筛泡和鼻丘气房的宽度也明显大于同侧（配对t检验,P<0.01）;中鼻甲反常曲线偏曲同侧的发生率明显高于对侧（配对t检验,P<0.01）,其它解剖变异偏曲两侧差异无显著性。偏曲两侧鼻窦炎的发病率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论鼻中隔偏曲可能引起偏曲对侧中鼻甲及鼻腔外侧壁结构的代偿性改变,这种改变可能在偏曲对侧鼻窦炎的发病中起着一定的作用。     

不同部位鼻中隔偏曲伴窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异的特点

目的 探讨不同部位鼻中隔偏曲伴窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)解剖变异的差异。方法 对103例不同部位鼻中隔偏曲病人作鼻内镜检查和鼻腔、鼻窦冠状位、轴位CT扫描,比较OMC解剖变异的差异。结果 单纯高位偏曲组甲泡、Haller气房及钩突偏曲的发生率分别为50％、56.3％和28.1％,显著高于低位嵴组及前部偏曲组(P<0.05);甲泡在单纯高位偏曲对侧发生率为62.5％,同侧为37.5％,其同侧与其它各组间无明显差异,其对侧则差异显著(P<0.05);前部偏曲筛泡过度气化发生率为8.3％,明显低于其它各组(P<0.05);中鼻甲反常曲线、鼻丘气房、钩突气化等的发生率在各组之间没有明显差别。结论 不同部位的鼻中隔偏曲伴随的某些OMC解剖变异存在较大的差异。     

CT扫描分析窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异在鼻窦炎发病中的意义

目的 探讨窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。分析其在内窥镜鼻窦手术中的重要性。方法 以２９７例（５９４例）冠状位鼻窦ＣＴ片材料研究中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡和处 的解剖变异及Ｈａｌｌｅｒ气房的影像特点,结合病史分析解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系,用ＳＰＳＳ５．０作统计分析。结果 ＯＭＣ解剖变异包括中鼻甲反向（１３．９７％）、气化（３４．８５％）,钩突肥大（１９．３６％）、移（４５．２７％）筛泡过度气化     

鼻中隔偏曲患者双侧下鼻甲的影像学和病理学观察

目的：观察鼻中隔偏曲患者双侧下鼻甲的形态结构及其黏膜的病理改变。方法：为住院行手术治疗鼻中隔偏曲患者30例行术前鼻窦冠状位CT扫描，在CT片上直接测量下鼻甲的宽度和高度，将测量数值根据CT片上的标尺换算成实际值。手术全麻后、鼻腔表麻前，在鼻内镜下，于鼻中隔明显偏曲处对称切取下鼻甲组织，在光镜、透射电镜下观察下鼻甲的黏膜上皮层及固有层组织结构的改变。结果：从30例鼻中隔偏曲患者的鼻窦CT中观察到，偏曲对侧下鼻甲的高度和宽度均大于同侧，差别有统计学意义。光镜结果：偏曲对侧下鼻甲较同侧黏膜上皮、基底膜增厚，血管增生，纤维组织增生，腺体密度同侧较对侧减小。电镜结果：偏曲对侧较同侧的下鼻甲黏膜固有层的结缔组织胶原纤维增生明显；黏膜固有层毛细血管及腺体周围毛细血管的内膜具有窗格样空隙，小静脉内皮基底膜变透明，间隙增大，肿胀样，结构疏松。结论：在鼻中隔偏曲患者中，偏曲两侧的下鼻甲在宽度和高度上差异有统计学意义。偏曲对侧下鼻甲的肥大，既有骨质增生的成分，也有黏膜及黏膜下层组织增生的因素。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术中鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系

目的 探讨鼻内镜鼻窦手术中鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。 方法 选取慢性鼻窦炎患者206例,根据是否患有慢性鼻窦炎分为观察组85例与对照组121例。记录两组患者是否存在鼻中隔偏曲、泡状中鼻甲、下鼻甲及鼻丘气房肥大、中鼻甲反向偏曲及钩突气化等鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异现象。 结果 观察组鼻中隔偏曲、下鼻甲及鼻丘气房肥大、泡状中鼻甲发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而中鼻甲反向偏曲及钩突气化发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。两组鼻中隔偏曲均以高位偏曲为主,但观察组鼻中隔高位偏曲发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 鼻中隔偏曲、泡状中鼻甲、鼻丘气房及下鼻甲肥大均为慢性鼻窦炎发展中的重要结构变异,与慢性鼻窦炎的发生密切相关。     

鼻腔结构与真菌性上颌炎关系的CT影像学研究

目的 探讨真菌性上颌窦炎是否存在鼻腔解剖结构异常。 方法 分析102例真菌性上颌窦炎患者(单侧患病)的CT图像,观察鼻中隔、中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡的变异情况,有无Haller气房;测量冠状位钩突平面下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲所占该平面鼻腔面积比。 结果 鼻中隔偏曲87例(85.29%),其中51例宽敞侧发病,36例狭窄侧患病(P<0.05)。高位偏曲病例与低位偏曲相近。高位偏曲病例中,宽敞侧患病例数多于狭窄侧(P>0.05),但无统计学差异。低位偏曲病例中,两侧患病例数差异无统计学意义。患侧与健侧中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡变异及Haller气房出现情况患侧反向中鼻甲明显多于健侧,差异有统计学意义。钩突偏曲、Haller气房两侧差异有统计学意义,筛泡过度气化患侧较健侧多,但无统计学意义。冠状位钩突平面下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲所占该平面鼻腔面积比,两侧差异无统计学意义。 结论 鼻中隔偏曲及中鼻甲、钩突变异可能是真菌性上颌窦炎致病因素,真菌性上颌窦炎手术应同时处理相应变异结构。     

CT扫描分析窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异在鼻窦炎发病中的意义

目的探讨窦口鼻道复合体（ｏｓｔｉｏｍｅａｔａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ,ＯＭＣ）解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系,分析其在内窥镜鼻窦手术中的重要性。方法以２９７例（５９４侧）冠状位鼻窦ＣＴ片为材料研究中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡和鼻丘的解剖变异及Ｈａｌｅｒ气房的影像特点,结合病史分析解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系,用ＳＰＳＳ５．０作统计分析。结果ＯＭＣ解剖变异包括中鼻甲反向弯曲（１３．９７％）、气化（３４．８５％）,钩突肥大（１９．３６％）、偏移（４５．２７％）,筛泡过度气化（３０．３０％）,鼻丘过度气化（０．７０％）,Ｈａｌｅｒ气房（１．００％）。ＯＭＣ解剖变异总出现率为８１．１４％;钩突、中鼻甲和筛泡的变异与慢性鼻窦炎的发病呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＯＭＣ解剖变异常见,且与慢性鼻窦炎密切相关,处理ＯＭＣ解剖变异是内窥镜鼻窦手术的一项重要内容。     

Septal deviation and chronic sinus disease

The introduction of computerized tomography in the identification of sinonasal pathology and associated anatomic variants has contributed to a greater understanding of the factors leading to ostiomeatal complex (OMC) obstruction and chronic sinus disease. The OMC and paranasal sinus regions were prospectively evaluated in 150 consecutive patients as a function of the degree of nasal septal deviation and compared with matched controls. These data were correlated with paranasal sinus disease, lateral nasal wall findings, and middle turbinate abnormalities. An increased incidence and severity of bilateral chronic sinus disease was present with increasing septal deviations (p < 0.05). Similarly, patients with increasing nasal septum deviations were noted to have a higher incidence of OMC obstruction (p < 0.05). Ostiomeatal complex obstruction in the direction of septal angulation was associated with nasal septal deformity; however, contralateral OMC obstruction was associated with middle turbinate and lateral nasal wall abnormalities (p < 0.05). The evaluation of the degree of septal angulation has helped better understand the factors contributing to chronic sinus disease and OMC obstruction.     

Evaluation of the inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum by using computed tomography

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to measure the dimensions, composition, and possible structural and radiological changes of the compensatory hypertrophic inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial at a university medical center. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with deviated nasal septum and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity were examined by computed tomography. RESULTS: The dimensions of the compensatory hypertrophic inferior turbinate in patients with septal deviation were compared with normal control subjects. The difference in width of the medial and lateral mucosa and the conchal bone between the two groups was statistically significant (P <.05). CONCLUSION: The present study uncovers the dimensions and composition of the inferior turbinate with compensatory hypertrophy in patients with nasal septum deviation. The findings support the decision to excise the inferior turbinate bone at the time of septoplasty, because of the significant bony and mucosal expansion.     

Relationship between pediatric sinusitis and middle turbinate pneumatization--ethmoidal sinus pyocele thought to be caused by middle turbinate pneumatization

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the presence of pediatric middle turbinate pneumatization causes narrowing of the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and is associated with the development of paranasal sinusitis. METHODS: CT scans of 190 nasal sides of 95 children (1-15 years old) were analyzed for the presence of middle turbinate pneumatization and mucosal thickness in the paranasal sinus. RESULTS: Middle turbinate pneumatization was detected in nine (4.6%) of the nasal cavities. Only one of these sides was in a patient younger than 10 years of age, while the other eight sides were in patients at least 13 years old. In six of those nine sides with pneumatization, paranasal sinusitis was also found. However, the images showed that in five sides the middle turbinate pneumatization itself did not obstruct the OMC. In addition, the mean +/- standard deviation (S.D.) of the total score for the paranasal sinus opacification on the side which had the middle turbinate pneumatization was 5.67 +/- 2.95. The corresponding value for the 76 sides without pneumatization was 5.29 +/- 2.53, and the difference between these mean total scores was not statistically significant. However, in one side, the OMC was obstructed or narrowed due to the middle turbinate pneumatization, and an ethmoidal sinus pyocele formed on this side. CONCLUSION: A causal relationship was not found between middle turbinate pneumatization and the mechanism of development of paranasal sinusitis in children. However, in the event that the OMU becomes obstructed at some time, frequent cycles of improvement and aggravation of pediatric paranasal sinusitis may occur and lead to the development of a serious condition.