人早孕蜕膜间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠宫腔粘连

目的:探讨人早孕蜕膜间充质干细胞(hDMSCs)治疗大鼠宫腔粘连(IUA)的可行性和有效性。方法:体外分离、培养、纯化、鉴定h DMSCs。将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组:蜕膜间充质干细胞治疗组(IUA+hDMSCs)、IUA模型组和假手术(sham)组,每组各10只。IUA+hDMSCs组和IUA组复制IUA模型后10 min内,IUA+hDMSCs组经尾静脉注射2×10~6个Dio标记的hDMSCs,每3天补充1次,连续注射3次;IUA组经尾静脉注射相同容量的PBS;sham组仅行开腹手术。3个动情周期后取子宫行HE染色和Masson染色,测量子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜腺体数目、子宫内膜小血管数目和纤维化面积比率,并行免疫组化检测子宫内膜组织细胞角蛋白、波形蛋白、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1及整合素αγβ3的表达量,q PCR检测IUA相关基因含量,免疫荧光观察h DMSCs在内膜中的分布情况,并评估大鼠的生育能力。结果:IUA组部分子宫腔闭锁,内膜萎缩,腺体减少,大量纤维化改变。IUA+hDMSCs组与IUA组相比子宫间质厚度明显增加(P0.05),大量腺体增生和小血管新生(P0.05),纤维化程度减小(P0.05),与sham组比较无统计学差异。IUA+hDMSCs组细胞角蛋白、波形蛋白和整合素αγβ3表达量明显高于IUA组(P0.05),而TGF-β1表达量低于IUA组(P0.05)。qPCR结果显示与IUA组相比,除TNF-α和结缔组织生长因子下调外,IUA+hDMSCs组的干细胞因子、血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和thrombospondin-1均明显上调。免疫荧光结果显示Dio- DMSCs主要分布于腔上皮层,部分位于间质。IUA+hDMSCs组大鼠双侧子宫均妊娠,平均胎鼠数量与IUA组相比有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:hDMSCs可在受损的大鼠子宫内膜中存活、增殖,有效修复大鼠的子宫内膜,抑制IUA。     

转化生长因子β1促进大鼠子宫内膜纤维化

目的 探讨大鼠子宫内膜纤维化中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达及相关机制。方法 将SD雌性大鼠随机分成假手术组(n=12)和模型组(n=12)。术后7、14及28 d收集双侧子宫组织，HE染色观察子宫内膜形态，动态观察子宫内膜病理改变和子宫内膜腺体数目；Masson染色检测子宫内膜纤维化程度；免疫组织化学法检测TGF-β1及α-SMA蛋白表达。结果 相比假手术组，模型组大鼠子宫结构破坏；术后7、14和28 d,子宫内膜TGF-β1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);术后14和28 d,子宫内膜腺体数目明显减少、子宫内膜纤维化面积比例明显增加，α-SMA蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1可能通过激活肌成纤维细胞及相关信号通路进一步促进子宫内膜纤维化。     

浅谈人工流产术后子宫颈管粘连

人工流产术后子宫颈粘连是指因宫腔内操作损伤子宫内膜所致子宫内膜或肌层受损发生粘连,临床表现为闭经月经减少,不孕等。 1894年Fritsch报道1例产后出血清宫术后发生闭经的病例。1948年Ashrman对创伤性子宫腔及颈管粘连的病因,临床表现诊治及碘油造影特征等作了详细报道。任何损伤子宫内膜的因素均可导致创伤性子宫腔及颈管粘连。国内报道亦是人工流产刮宫占第一位。宫颈内口是一特殊的神经分布区域,此处有大量的神经带,一种高度分化的感觉小体,仅见于子宫下段和内口水平的粘膜下。刮宫时内日反射性痉挛使裸露的受损     

激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流变化

目的:用激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流的变化,探讨梗阻侧肾间质纤维化的发病机制及健侧肾的代偿机制。方法:成年雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组和模型组。假手术组仅将输尿管游离但不结扎离断,模型组行单侧输尿管结扎术。术后第7、14和21天随机选取并处死各组中的6只大鼠,观察双肾病理学改变,并检测双侧肾皮质微循环血流。结果:H-E染色显示假手术组双侧肾各时间点肾单位结构正常,间质无增宽;模型组大鼠梗阻侧肾术后7 d出现早期间质纤维化的病理改变,并随梗阻时间延长逐渐加重;健侧肾小球系膜细胞增生并随代偿时间延长逐渐增多。肾皮质微循环血流,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠健侧肾皮质微循环血流显著增加,梗阻侧肾皮质微循环灌注量先增加后进行性降低。结论:血液流变学改变、梗阻侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量进行性减少是肾间质纤维化的发病机制之一;而健侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量增高,在一定程度上有利于健侧肾的功能代偿。     

40岁以下妇女子宫内膜癌刮宫活检的病理诊断问题

目的 探讨40岁以下妇女子宫内膜癌刮宫活检的病理诊断。方法对20例40岁以下子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果子宫内膜样腺癌18例,腺鳞癌(腺癌伴鳞状上皮分化)1例,浆液性乳头状癌并透明细胞癌1例。子宫内膜样腺癌的组织学特点是子宫内膜腺体失去极性,细胞核变大、变圆、核仁突出,染色质粗或呈空泡状,同时子宫内膜间质消失,代之为肉芽组织或纤维组织,常有炎性反应。子宫内膜样腺癌多数仅累及浅肌层,皆无转移。1例子宫内膜腺鳞癌呈双侧卵巢转移;1例浆液性乳头状癌有盆腔淋巴结转移。结论40岁以下妇女的子宫内膜癌多数为高分化子宫内膜样腺癌,应注意与子宫内膜不典型增生及不典型息肉状腺肌瘤鉴别。     

实验性子宫内膜异位症动物模型研究

目的　利用大鼠子宫内膜异位症动物模型 ,探讨卵巢切除术和丹那唑治疗对大鼠子宫内膜异位症的影响。方法　将已成模大鼠随机分为 3组 :对照组 (n =2 3)、卵巢切除术组 (n =2 4)和丹那唑组 (n =2 9) ,在行双侧卵巢切除术或丹那唑治疗后的 2、4、6和 8周处死大鼠 ,同时观察移植物的生长情况。结果　卵巢切除术组和丹那唑组大鼠移植物体积均明显缩小 ,并且 4、6和 8周与 2周相比 ,作用更明显。组织学检查 ,对照组异位子宫内膜呈增生状态 ,而卵巢切除术组和丹那唑组呈萎缩状态。结论　卵巢切除术和丹那唑治疗可使大鼠异位子宫内膜逐渐萎缩退化 ,但未能使其消失 ,丹那唑的治疗作用具有时间相关性。     

生物羊膜制品置入改善宫腔粘连术后子宫内膜容受性分析

目的　探讨生物羊膜制品用于宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术（transcervical resection of adhesions,TCRA）的子宫内膜容受性。 方法　回顾性分析2019年11月至2020年11月本院妇产科收治并经宫腔镜检查确诊为中、重度宫腔粘连患者64例。按TCRA术后预防再粘连的方法分为实验组（术后注入几丁糖并放置生物羊膜制品）和对照组（术后注入几丁糖）,各32例。使用2015年中国宫腔粘连分级评分标准诊断宫腔粘连程度。所有患者术后给予雌孕激素人工周期治疗2月,术后3月行宫腔镜复查。比较两组患者术后再粘连率以及子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉阻力参数、妊娠结局等。 结果　术后1个月实验组和对照组子宫内膜厚度分别为（5.89±0.84）mm和（4.37±0.52）mm,差异有统计学意义（t＝8.689,P<0.01）;术后2个月实验组子宫内膜厚度为（8.38±0.84）mm,对照组（7.17±1.00）mm,差异有统计学意义（t＝5.215,P<0.01）。宫腔镜复查,实验组再粘连率为6.25%,对照组为18.75%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组子宫动脉血流参数以及妊娠率等比较均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论　在中、重度宫腔粘连分离术后置入生物羊膜制品,可以增加子宫内膜厚度,改善子宫血液循环,从而改善子宫内膜容受性,提高妊娠率。因此,置入生物羊膜制品可以作为临床治疗宫腔粘连有效可行的新辅助治疗手段。     

血管内皮生长因子对子宫内膜异位症大鼠缺氧及炎症微环境的作用机制

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）对子宫内膜异位症（EMs）大鼠缺氧以及炎症微环境的作用机制。方法：采用自体子宫内膜移植法构建大鼠EMs模型。动物实验分为假手术组、模型组、对照组、实验组。其中假手术组大鼠在造模过程中仅进行子宫内膜截取，不进行内膜移植，每日尾静脉注射VEGF-siRNA-NC，模型组、对照组和实验组大鼠在造模后每日尾静脉注射VEGF-siRNA-NC，实验组大鼠每日尾静脉注射VEGF-siRNA。处死大鼠后检测各组大鼠异位内膜的体积；ELISA检测各组大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-1β含量。高通量测序确定RNA干扰后的靶点基因。Western blot检测样本组织中VEGF、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的表达。结果：高通量测序结果显示HIF-1α、MPO为干扰VEGF的RNA后的靶点基因。与假手术组相比，模型组、对照组、实验组大鼠的异位内膜体积、血清中TNF-α和IL-1β含量和样本中VEGF、HIF-1α、MPO表达均明显升高；与对照组相比，实验组大鼠的异位内膜体积、血清中TNF-α和IL-1β含量和样本中VEGF、HIF-1α、MPO...     

子宫内膜息肉患者术后并发宫腔粘连的影响因素

目的:分析子宫内膜息肉术后并发宫腔粘连(Intraintrauterine adhesion,IUA)的影响因素.方法:回顾性分析,采集2018年1月～2020年12月在郑州圣玛妇产医院手术治疗的92例子宫内膜息肉患者临床资料,根据术后并发IUA情况分为发生组(n=14例)和未发生组(n=78例)设计基线资料调查表,阅读所有患者基线资料,采取Logistic回归分析子宫内膜息肉术后并发IUA的影响因素.结果:92例患者中14例发生IUA,发生率为15.22％;发生IUA组合并盆腔炎、刮宫史及剖宫产史情况与未发生IUA组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间其他资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析,结果显示,合并盆腔炎、有刮宫史及有剖宫产史均是子宫内膜息肉患者术后发生IUA的影响因素(P<0.05).结论:合并盆腔炎、有刮宫史及有剖宫产史均是导致子宫内膜息肉患者术后发生IUA的影响因素.     

VEGF基因修饰的MSC在预防宫腔粘连及促子宫内膜再生修复中评价

目的 研究血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)修饰的间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)在预防宫腔粘连及促子宫内膜再生修复中的效果.方法 40只雌性未孕SD大鼠随机分为4组,各10只.对照组为健康大鼠,模型组采用机械感染双损伤...     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合益母草碱治疗宫腔粘连

BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence has demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation can promote skin, liver and lung repair in animal models; and Leonurus sibiricus L. has the ability of promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of BMSC transplantation with leonurine on intrauterine adhesions (IUA) in rabbits and the relevant mechanism of action. METHODS:After modeled using dual injury method, rabbit models of IUA were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated group (sham), model group (IUA), BMSC transplantation group, leonurine treatment group and combined treatment group (BMSCs+leonurine). Rabbits in the sham group were only given normal saline rinsing after hysterotomy, while those in the latter three groups were correspondingly given intrauterine BMSC transplantation or/and intragastric administration of 4 mg/kg leonurine for 14 days. Morphological changes of the endometrium were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and expression levels of transforming growth factor β protein, Smad3 protein and interferon-γ mRNA were detected using immunohistochemical staining and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the degree of IUA was all significantly improved in the other groups, especially in the combined treatment group. Moreover, BMSC transplantation, leonurine treatment and their combined use all could inhibit IUA-induced increase of transforming growth factor β and Smad3 protein expression and IUA-induced decrease of interferon-γ mRNA level. Importantly, all these alternations were much more pronounced in the combined treatment group. Our results show that the combined use of BMSC transplantation and leonurine treatment can exert a synergistic effect in the improvement of IUA through the transforming growth factor β/Smad3 pathway.     

复宫宁对大鼠异位子宫内膜细胞形态及caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

 目的：研究中药复宫宁制剂对子宫内膜异位症（EMT）大鼠异位子宫内膜细胞凋亡、形态学改变及caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响,探讨复宫宁治疗EMT的作用机制。方法：用自体子宫内膜移植法复制EMT大鼠模型,将EMT大鼠随机分为模型组、达那唑治疗组、复宫宁治疗1组和复宫宁治疗2组,灌胃给药4周,观察各给药组及模型组异位病灶体积大小,采用HE染色和透射电镜技术观察各给药组及模型组异位内膜细胞形态结构的变化。应用免疫组化方法观察各组caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果：复宫宁治疗组中,异位内膜体积显著缩小（P<0.01）,病灶生长明显受抑制。异位内膜腺上皮层明显变薄,腺体减少;细胞呈矮柱状甚至扁平状排列松散,并见较多凋亡现象和间质纤维化,而在位内膜未见明显改变。超微结构可见复宫宁组与达那唑组胞体收缩,失去微绒毛,胞浆浓缩,核染色质密度增高并凝聚于核膜周边,核仁裂解;细胞膜内陷和凋亡小体形成;线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴变低及空泡变性。免疫组化结果显示,模型组异位内膜Bcl-2蛋白表达增强;复宫宁组异位内膜细胞活化caspase-3蛋白表达增高（P＜0.01）,而Bcl-2蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）。结论：复宫宁对大鼠EMT有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制与其诱导细胞凋亡有关。复宫宁通过激活细胞中的caspase及降低Bcl-2蛋白在EMT中的高表达,诱导异位内膜细胞的凋亡,可能是其重要机制之一。     

Leukocyte Subpopulation Changes in Rats With Autotransplanted Endometrium and the Effect of Danazol

PROBLEM : This study examines immune cell populations in rats with autotransplanted endometrium and determines the effect of danazol on leukocyte subsets. METHODS : As an experimental model of endometriosis, an autologous endometrial segment was implanted in the rat peritoneum. We used flow cytometry to analyze lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of the following groups of rats: no treatment, sham operation, endometrial implantation, endometrial implantation treated with danazol, and normal rats treated with danazol. RESULTS : The natural killer (NK) cell population was decreased in both the PB and PF of rats with autotransplanted endometrium. Moreover, NK cells increased in a dose-dependent manner following danazol administration. Surgery itself increased the number of peritoneal macrophages as compared with the untreated group. This elevation was suppressed partially by endometrium-implantation and was attenuated by subsequent administration of danazol in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS : These data suggest that ectopic endometrial cells may release immunosuppressive factors. This is the first documentation that rats with autotransplanted endometrium show the same immunologic changes as humans with endometriosis, and establishes the utility of this model for the study of endometriosis.     

New rat to mouse xenograft transplantation of endometrium as a model of human endometriosis

BackgroundEndometriosis can lead to infertility. Since there is no definitive treatment for endometriosis, animal modelling seems necessary to examine the possible treatments. Mouse endometrium cannot be separated for endometriosis induction. In addition, transplantation of uterus into the abdominal viscera to induce endometriosis causes organ damage. In this study, we defined a new model of endometriosis leading to separability of endometrium and a safe anatomical region for transplantation.MethodsForty female mice were allocated to 5 groups: 1, sham; 2, allograft uterus transplantation of mice to anterior abdominal wall of mice; 3, allograft uterus transplantation of mice to mesentery of mice; 4, xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice; 5, xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to mesentery of mice. Adult female rats with a previous pregnancy experience were selected and placed in the vicinity of male rats for 2 weeks to induce estrogen secretion and increase endometrial thickness.ResultsIn the 4th group of animals, compared to sham, the peritoneal concentrations of VEGF‐A, TNF‐α, NO, MDA, and serum levels of CA‐125 and IL‐37 were increased and total body weight was decreased, while weight and size of endometrial lesions were increased significantly (P < .05). Genes expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 were decreased significantly (P < .05) in groups 2 and 4 compared to sham.ConclusionsXenograft transplantation of endometrium from rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice can potentially mimic human endometriosis morphologically, histologically, and genetically.     

High efficacy of photodynamic therapy on rat endometrium after systemic administration of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (verteporfin)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on rat endometrium and to determine the optimal drug concentration for endometrial ablation. METHODS: Five minutes after i.v. injection of different concentrations of verteporfin into 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 630 nm light treatment was delivered for 500 s (120 J/cm2) to the left horn of the uterus. The 24 rats were divided into six groups according to the drug dose injected, four rats per group: group I (2 mg/kg), group II (1 mg/kg), and groups III, IV, V and VI with 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 mg/kg respectively. Four days later, the rat uteri were analysed by light microscopy. RESULTS: Endometrial destruction was seen in all six groups, with the most significant result in group I (P<0.008). Conservation of the myometrium was most significant in groups III, IV, V and VI. Acute inflammatory cells in the stromal endometrium were recorded mainly in groups I and II. However, the drug dosage that was most significant in destroying the glands with conservation of the myometrium and not causing severe inflammation was between 0.5 and 0.125 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: Verteporfin was effective in endometrial ablation in all our animal groups, and the dose range of 0.5-0.125 mg/kg appeared to be adequate. This observation will have to be scaled for clinical application.     

Interleukin-34 accelerates intrauterine adhesions progress related to CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are characterized by endometrial fibrosis and impose a great challenge for female reproduction. IL-34 is profoundly involved in various fibrotic diseases through regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocytes/macrophages. However, it remains unclear how IL-34 regulates monocytes/macrophages in context of IUA. Here, we showed that the expression level of IL-34 and the amount of CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages were significantly increased in endometrial tissues of IUA patients. IL-34 promoted the differentiation of monocytes/macrophages, which express CX3CR1 via CSF-1R/P13K/Akt pathway in vitro. Moreover, IL-34-induced CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages promoted the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into myofibroblasts. Of note, IL-34 caused endometrial fibrosis and increased the amount of CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages in endometrial tissues in vivo. IL-34 modulated endometrial fibrosis by regulating monocytes/macrophages since the elimination of endometrial monocytes/macrophages significantly suppressed the profibrotic function of IL-34. Finally, blocking of IL-34 in the LPS-IUA model resulted in the improvement of endometrial fibrosis and decreased number of CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages. Our studies uncover the novel mechanism of interaction between IL-34-induced CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages and endometrial stromal cells in endometrial fibrosis pathogenesis, and highlight IL-34 as a critical target for treating IUA.     

人脐血间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂注射治疗脑性瘫痪

BACKGROUND:In recent years, some studies have demonstrated that ganglioside can promote survival and differentiation of umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of injection of human umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells and ganglioside into rat lateral ventricles on neurological functional recovery from cerebral palsy. METHODS:Totally 60 cerebral palsy neonatal rats were delivered from pregnant rats which were modes were given intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide for 2 successive days on day 17 of gestation. Then those neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups, including model group (n=10), sham transplantation group (n=10), stem cell transplantation group (n=18), ganglioside group (n=10) and combination group (n=12). Under stereotaxic instrument, umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells or ganglioside were injected into left lateral ventricles of the rat brain, respectively, and the sham transplantation group was given the same volume of phosphate buffered saline. Two rats from the stem cell transplantation group were put to death for immunofluorescence staining at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation, respectively, and two rats in the combination group were killed for immunofluorescence staining at 14 days. Besides, all rats were underwent neurologic evaluation at 28 days after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells could survive, migrate and differentiate, which mainly distributed in the lateral ventricle, hippocampus and cortex. At 14 days after transplantation, positive expressions of BrdU and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the stem cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the model group, the holding time significantly prolonged and foot error times significantly decreased in the latter three groups (P < 0.05), as well as in the combination group compared with the stem cell transplantation and ganglioside groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells and ganglioside can both improve neurological function of rats with cerebral palsy. Given that ganglioside can promote survival and differentiation of umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells in vivo, the combined transplantation is preferred.     

HCG治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的超微结构变化及意义

目的:探讨人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠的疗效及机制。方法:诱导法成功建立子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型24只,随机分为4组,每组6只,分别以每天19.4 IU/100 g(HCG低剂量组)、25.8 IU/100 g(HCG中剂量组)和51.6 IU/100 g(HCG高剂量组)的HCG治疗15 d,并以生理盐水作为对照,比较各组治疗前后异位病灶体积的变化及异位内膜、在位内膜电镜下超微结构的改变。结果:HCG治疗后,HCG低、中和高剂量组的异位病灶体积均较治疗前减小(P0.05);治疗前子宫内膜和异位内膜胞浆内可见大量线粒体、内质网及核糖体;治疗后部分细胞结构不清,部分线粒体嵴减少或消失,细胞致密、萎缩,胞浆中自噬体增多,线粒体和内质网肿胀。结论:HCG可能使在位和异位内膜中的细胞功能代谢减退,从而对子宫内膜异位症大鼠有治疗作用。     

Morphometric analysis of the endometrial epithelium of rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) submitted to chronic experimental alcoholism

The effects of alcohol ingestion on the epithelial layer of the uterine endometrium of rats submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism were observed by morphometric methods. Sixty adult rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) of the same age (3 months) and weighing on average 228 g were divided into two groups. The control group received solid diet, rat chow, and tap water ad libitum. The experimental group received the same solid diet and was allowed to drink only sugar cane brandy dissolved in 30 degrees Gay Lussac (v/v). At the end of 90, 180 and 270 days of treatment, the animals at estro were anaesthetized with ethyl ether, weighed and sacrificed. The internal reproductive organs were dissected, weighed and fixed. The final mean body weights were similar in the control and alcoholic groups. The histological results showed intense atrophy of the lining epithelium of the endometrium of uterine horns in the alcoholic group. Morphometric analysis confirmed the endometrial epithelial atrophy, showing that the alcoholic group had small cytoplasmic and nuclear areas and small cytoplasmic and nuclear perimeter compared to the control group. Scanning electron microscopic images showed intense lipid droplets accumulation in the epithelial cells from alcoholic group. Therefore, we concluded that alcohol acts as a toxin on the epithelial layer of the rat endometrium.