多层CT对窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异与慢性副鼻窦炎的关系的分析

目的:探讨窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)解剖变异与慢性副鼻窦炎的相关性。方法:收集经多层螺旋CT扫描的慢性副鼻窦炎100例。通过多平面重组重点观察钩突、中鼻甲、筛泡、鼻中隔的解剖变异,并和正常组进行对比,行统计处理并分析解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。结果:慢性副鼻窦炎组窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异为89%,其中钩突改变25%,筛漏斗狭窄14%,中鼻甲改变22%,鼻中隔改变20%,多种解剖变异8%;正常组中窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异为19%,其中钩突改变1%,中鼻甲改变6%,鼻中隔改变12%。窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异与慢性副鼻窦炎呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:慢性副鼻窦炎与窦口鼻道复合体的解剖变异有明显的相关性,CT检查发现泛发性副鼻窦炎时,应重点观察窦口鼻道复合体,为临床治疗提供详细的依据。     

冠状CT在窦口鼻道复合体与慢性鼻窦炎相关性研究中的应用

目的：运用冠状ＣＴ技术，研究窦口鼻道复合体，探讨其与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。材料与方法：６６例慢性鼻窦炎患者，男４０例，女２６例。ＣＴ检查采用西门子Ｐｌｕｓ－Ｓ高分辨率ＣＴ系统，进行冠状面成像。结果：ＣＴ清晰显示６６例患者的鼻窦异常改变，通过与２３例正常对照组检查比较，发现正常人与患者的窦口鼻道复合体结构有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：冠状面ＣＴ可有效显示鼻窦情况，对临床诊治有重要意义。窦口鼻道复合体的解剖变异与鼻窦炎的发生有相关性     

鼻腔和鼻窦炎性病变的CT表现及分型

目的:探讨鼻腔和鼻窦炎性病变发生的病理和解剖依据以及分型的诊断价值。材料和方法:收集经临床证实86例鼻腔和鼻窦炎性病变的CT表现。结果:鼻腔和鼻窦炎性病变分为四型:①漏斗型,占15.1%;②窦口鼻道复合体型,占18.6%;③蝶筛隐窝型:未见单纯此型的病例;④息肉型,占30.2%;⑤另外混合存在,占36.1%。结论:各型鼻腔和鼻窦炎性病变除了与窦口鼻道复合体或蝶筛隐窝炎症直接有关外,与窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异也有关,其分型标准的诊断价值有一定的局限性。     

窦口-鼻道复合体解剖变异与慢性副鼻窦炎(附70例分析)

目的 探讨窦口鼻道复合体发育不良、解剖变异对慢性副鼻窦炎的影响程度。方法 收集经ＣＴ冠状面扫描发现的慢性另鼻窦炎７０例。重点观察钩突、中鼻甲、鼻中隔的发育形态、位置。测量钩突的内偏角及外偏角度,测量鼻中隔偏曲的突出度与偏曲角度,行统计处理分析解剖变异与慢怀鼻窦炎的关系。结果 ７０例慢性副鼻窦炎与窦口－鼻道复合体的发育不良、解剖变异有明显的相关性。钩突、中鼻甲及鼻中镉的解剖结构变异为主要的影响因素。     

窦口鼻道复合体CT扫描三维重建技术

鼻腔侧壁在筛窦区的解剖结构重叠、复杂,变异多样。鼻窦窦口鼻道区即窦口鼻道复合体（ｏｓｔｉｏｍｅａｔａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ, Ｏ Ｍ Ｃ）,指以筛漏斗为中心的附近区域,包括筛漏斗、钩突、筛泡、半月裂、中鼻道、中鼻甲及其基板、前中组筛窦开口、额窦开口以及上颌窦裂口和上颌窦通道等结构。该区与前组鼻窦炎症的发生、发展和治疗有密切关系,即使轻微病变,也会影响鼻窦的通气引流,出现较重的临床症状。经内镜手术若不熟悉该处解剖结构与变异,则手术可能出现严重并发症。Ｘ线平片对这些结构无法满意显示,ＣＴ具有很高的对比分辨率…     

多层螺旋CT在窦口-鼻道复合体变异及鼻窦炎的临床应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在显示窦口-鼻道复合体解剖变异及其相关鼻窦炎的临床应用价值。方法收集96例慢性鼻窦炎患者的影像及临床资料,其中鼻-鼻窦内窥镜手术20例。通过多层螺旋CT多平面重组,观察窦口-鼻道复合体的解剖变异、鼻窦炎症,以及其在鼻-鼻窦内窥镜手术中的临床作用。结果 96例慢性鼻窦炎患者中,窦口-鼻道复合体解剖变异82例(85.4%),其中泡状鼻甲29例(30.21%),反常中鼻甲9例(9.38%);钩突肥厚13例(13.54%),内侧偏移11例(11.46%),外侧偏移4例(4.17%),气化3例(3.13%);Haller气房8例(8.33%);鼻丘气房9例(9.38%)和鼻中隔偏曲24例(25%)。鼻窦炎症显示率为100%,病变分布:前组筛窦84例,后组筛窦36例,上颌窦开口处67例,上颌窦63例,额隐窝19例,额窦14例和蝶窦8例。20例鼻-鼻窦内窥镜手术所见与CT显示一致。结论多层螺旋CT后处理技术可清晰显示窦口-鼻道复合体解剖变异以及其所致的鼻窦炎症,对鼻-鼻窦内窥镜手术具有重要的临床指导价值。     

窦口鼻道复合体HRCT扫描及其临床应用

目的评价窦口鼻道复合体HRCT检查及临床应用价值。材料与方法分析106例冠状位及横断位HRCT扫描图像。采用层厚3mm,层间距5mm扫描。其中12例采用层厚3mm,层间距3mm。结果慢性鼻窦炎患者占92％,鼻中隔偏曲83％,中鼻甲气化48％,中鼻甲反向弯曲20％,Haller气房41％,筛泡过度气化46％,钩突偏曲19％,扫描层间距为5mm,窦口鼻道复合体显示率为49％。层间距3mm为100％。结论窦口鼻道复合体变异与慢性鼻窦炎的发生有明确的相关性,鼻窦HRCT冠状位扫描是显示该区域最佳影像学技术,对功能性鼻内窥镜手术具有指导价值。     

青少年副鼻窦炎CT检查的临床意义（附100例分析）

目的：用高分辨率ＣＴ对青少年慢性鼻窦炎的发生进行影像学分析。材料与方法：收集４￣１７岁１００例。并将其影像学资料分成少年组及青少年组，并对其结果进行分析比较。结果：９０％慢性副鼻窦炎的发生与窦口鼻道复合体区的炎性病变有关。结论：窦口鼻道复合体区是慢性副鼻窦炎形成的初发部位。     

窦口鼻道复合体CT冠状扫描对慢性鼻窦炎分型的诊断价值

 目的 探讨窦口鼻道复合体冠状CT平扫在慢性鼻窦炎分型诊断中的重要意义。方法 对160例(320侧)副鼻窦冠状位CT片进行分型,并分析各型病变CT特征性改变。结果 漏斗型72例(45.0％);窦口鼻道复合体型26例(16.3％);蝶筛隐窝型33例(20.6％);息肉型17例(10.6％);散在或不能分型者12例(7.5％)。结论 窦口鼻道复合体冠状CT扫描可明确显示各型鼻窦炎的特点,为手术术式提供重要和直接的依据。     

MSCT冠状位MPR诊断鼻息肉的应用

目的:探讨MSCT冠状位MPR在鼻息肉诊断中的应用。方法:回顾性分析经鼻内窥镜手术及病理证实的38例鼻息肉患者的MSCT MPR资料。结果:CT表现为鼻腔内息肉样肿块,好发于中鼻道、窦口鼻道复合体区,合并不同程度的鼻窦炎,冠状位MPR比轴位显示清楚。结论:冠状位MPR清晰显示息肉生长范围,以及鼻道和窦口鼻道复合体解剖结构,是鼻纤维内窥镜术前必不可少的检查手段。     

Coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses and the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) was performed before and 12 months after bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in 30 patients with sinusitis and 12 patients with nasal polyposis. The extent of sinus mucosal thickening was graded, and the patency of the OMC was evaluated. After FESS, the percentage of open OMCs had increased from 42% to 83% in the sinusitis group, and from 8% to 45% in the polyposis group. There was only a small improvement in mucosal score in sinuses with opened OMC, so that the overall extent of sinus opacification before and after FESS was almost the same. Despite this, 91% of the patients reported clinical relief of symptoms. Preoperative coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses serves as an anatomical map for the surgeon, but there is no benefit of routine postoperative CT.Correspondence to: M. Mantoni     

The role of the ostiomeatal unit anatomic variations in inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinuses

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between bony anatomic variations of the ostiomeatal unit (OMU) and chronic maxillary sinusitis. The study was based on the hypothesis that the mucosal contact caused by the variations represents the critical factor in increasing the risk of maxillary sinusitis. Materials and methods: Thin section high resolution computerised tomography (CT) examinations of the paranasal sinuses in 73 consecutive patients with 113 anatomic variations of the OMU were retrospectively reviewed. The following CT features were assessed: (1) Type of anatomic variations, (2) presence of a mucosal contact in the OMU and (3) presence of maxillary disease. Statistical evaluation was carried out using z²-test. Results: The following bony anatomic variations were found: Concha bullosa (67 cases), abnormalities of the uncinate process (18 cases), Haller's cells (24 cases) and large ethmoidal bulla (four cases). Only 52 of the 113 anatomic variations were associated with ipsilateral maxillary disease (mucosal thickening, mucous retention cysts, polyps, retained secretions). Of 113 variations, 44 caused a mucosal contact, 35 of these were associated with maxillary abnormalities, while in nine cases there were no pathologic changes. Of 69 variations, 17 did not cause mucosal contact (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data shows that, in the presence of anatomic bony variations, a contact between the mucosal surface of the OMU is valuable in predicting the likelihood of a maxillary inflammatory disease.     

256层螺旋CT轴位与冠状位重建对窦口-鼻道复合体正常解剖及变异的对比观察

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）轴位和冠状位重建对窦口-鼻道复合体（OMC）区域的正常解剖结构和变异显示能力及差异。方法：利用32例健康体检者和23例因非鼻及副鼻窦疾病而行头颈部CT扫描者,常规扫描后进行轴位和冠状位标准重建,分别对比观察OMC区域的正常解剖结构和变异及显示能力。结果：轴位和冠状位重建图像对双侧额窦开口、中鼻甲和中鼻道的显示能力无明显差异。但轴位图像在显示筛漏斗、前中组筛窦、上颌窦开口及钩突等的显示能力明显较冠状位差。结论：对OMC区域的正常结构和变异的显示冠状位明显优于轴位,冠状位重建可以代替冠状位扫描,以消除冠状位扫描给患者带来的不便。     

X-ray computed tomographic study of the ethmoid and middle meatus. II. Radio-anatomy (axial incidence) and morphological variations

Chronic rhinosinusitis endoscopic surgery needs an accurate evaluation of diseases and paranasal sinus anatomic variations. High resolution CT by thin section (2 mm) allow this pre-operative assessment. An anatomical study of the ethmoid air cell system is always possible in axial plane. The bidimensional CT exploration (axial and coronal plane) displays the anatomic variations of ostiomeatal unit, that have been reported to predispose sinusitis. They are nasal septal deviation, pneumatization and paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate, pneumatization of unciform process, Haller's cells, prominent agger nasi cell and ethmoid bulla. The endoscopic endonasal surgery landmarks, the individual morphologic variations, the topographic relations to the orbit and to the brain are also well shown by CT.     

45例窦口鼻道复合体骨折CT诊断分析

目的：分析窦口鼻道复合体骨折的CT表现特征，以提高诊断水平。材料和方法：对371例颌面部外伤病人行螺旋CT横断位扫描，扫描后行冠状位重建（MPR）处理，对冠状位重建图像进行诊断和分析。结果：检出45例病人有窦口鼻道复合体骨折。其中单纯型骨折11例（24．44％），复合型骨折34例（75．56％），错位性骨折14例（31．11％），粉碎性骨折31例（68．89％）；10例（22．22％）为双侧窦口鼻道复合体骨折，35例（77．78％）为单侧骨折。45例病人均合并颌面部其他部位骨折。所有病例均可在螺旋CT冠状位重建（MPR）图像中显示。结论：窦口鼻道复合体骨折以单侧复合型骨折最多见，骨折类型多为粉碎性。螺旋CT冠状位重建（MPR）图像能清楚显示窦口鼻道复合体骨折及窦口鼻道的阻塞情况，对于指导手术治疗及评价预后具有重要的临床价值。     

High-resolution CT: pre-operative assessment of chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis

The better understanding of chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis and the advance in endoscopic endonasal surgery have modified the radiological pre-operative investigation of this condition. The ethmoid labyrinth, not accessible to the endoscope, may be explored by axial and coronal high-resolution thin section (2 mm) CT. We have reviewed 100 CT scans with endoscopic correlation in order to assess the accuracy of this pre-operative method.This anatomical study reveals the presence and extent of parasinus diseases which are usually concentrated in the area of the ostiomeatal unit. The anatomic variations of the lateral nasal wall that have been reporded as predisposing to sinusitis and the morphologic variations altering the relationships of the ethmoid with the orbits and the brain were also studied. This pre-operative radiological assessment is currently necessary for functional and safe surgery.Correspondence to: J. C. FerriePaper presented at ECR 1991