幽门螺杆菌对胎儿胃粘膜上皮细胞的粘附作用研究

实验选用６至７个月龄的胎儿胃粘膜组织进行有关幽门螺杆菌的粘附部位及菌株间粘附能力差异的研究，发现ＣＡＰＭ Ｄ３２株与ＮＣＴＣ １１６３７株的粘附部位相似，Ｈｐ对胃窦及胃体下部粘膜组织具有很强的粘附能力，而对胃体上部及胃底部粘膜组织的粘附能力很差或不能粘附；而ＣＡＰＭ Ｚ－４株则对胃体、胃窦及胃底部粘膜上皮组织均表现出很强的粘附能力；表明Ｈｐ的粘附存在明显的部位特异性，不同Ｈｐ菌株间在粘附同一胎儿胃     

幽门螺杆菌对胎儿胃粘膜组织粘附作用分析

幽门螺杆菌（简称Ｈｐ）在机体特异部位粘附并定居是Ｈｐ致病过程中的关键步骤,也是Ｈｐ粘附素与其相应受体特异结合的过程。本研究用１０株临床分离Ｈｐ菌对４个６～８月龄胎儿的胃窦、胃体、胃底粘膜组织进行粘附试验。本课题受国家自然科学基金资助（编号：３９５７００４０）作者单位：１０２２０６北京,中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所腹泻病研究室〔代丽萍（现在地址：４５００５２郑州,河南医科大学流行病学教研室）,陈晶晶,张建中,蒋秀高〕;河南医科大学流行病学教研室（周元方,王凯娟）将福尔马林固定的胎儿胃组…     

北京人群感染幽门螺杆菌cagA分布特征

幽门螺杆菌 (Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｐｙｌｏｒｉ,Ｈｐ)是慢性胃炎与消化性溃疡的主要病因 ,ｃａｇＡ被认为是Ｈｐ致病程度相关菌株的一种标志 ,ｃａｇＡ并非存在于所有的菌株中 ,它在Ｈｐ菌株中的存在状态有地区差异。为了解我国ｃａｇＡ存在情况以及与疾病的关系 ,本研究采用ＰＣＲ方法 ,检测了从北京地区分离的Ｈｐ菌株ｃａｇＡ基因存在情况 ,并与国际上这方面的研究作了比较。对 6 4株Ｈｐ(由本实验室中国幽门螺杆菌科研协作组菌株库提供 ,其中胃癌来源 2株 ,胃及十二指肠炎 34株 ,胃基金项目 :国家自然科学基金资助项目(39870 0 32 …     

胃粘膜局部抗幽门螺杆菌抗体IgA的研究

采用胃粘膜体外培养技术和免疫印迹技术研究了５１例慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者胃粘膜局部抗幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）抗体ＩｇＡ，同时对其中１０例Ｈｐ阳性患者的血清ＩｇＡ作了分析。结果表明：４０例Ｈｐ阳性患者除１例外，其粘膜抗ＨｐＩｇＡ抗体均为阳性；１１例Ｈｐ阴性患者中，２例胃粘膜局部ＩｇＡ阳性，９例为阴性。该方法与常规方法检测Ｈｐ的符合率为９２．２％。粘膜局部ＩｇＡ识别５条左右条带，且识别条带具多样性。１０例Ｈｐ阳性且局部ＩｇＡ阳性患者的血清ＩｇＡ亦为阳性，但血清ＩｇＡ的识别条带较局部ＩｇＡ少，且染色浅，说明抗ＨｇＩｇＡ抗体以局部为主，该局部ＩｇＡ的作用值得进一步研究。     

人正常胃肠道、生殖道粘膜中MUC5AC核粘蛋白及其mRNA定位的研究

目的：提示ＵＭＣ５ＡＣ基因在人胃肠道和生殖道粘膜组织中的表达异质性及其特点,为进一步研究其与疾病关系提供正常的形态学基础。方法：应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法。结果：ＭＵＣ５ＡＣ基因编码的核旧白及ｍＲＮＡ主要分布于正常胃粘膜表面１／３,包括粘膜的上皮层和胃腺的中上部,呈细颗粒状,位于阳性细胞的胞内,核周明显,胃窦、胃阍的表达无区别。十二指肠、空肠、结肠及宫颈组织内无表达,胆囊粘膜内灶状分布的阳性着     

人胚胎升结肠和吉肠粘膜凝集素受体定位的比较研究

用凝素亲和细胞化学ＡＢＣ法比较分析了６３例７－３８周人胚胎升结肠和降结 粘膜凝集素受体的定位分布。发现升结肠粘膜能表达刀豆素Ａ受和大豆爱以体，降结肠粘膜能表达刀豆素体，大豆素受体和荆豆素－１受体，且升结肠和降结肠的刀豆素Ａ受体和大豆素受体存在量的差异。     

尿源大肠杆菌毒力因子的研究

本文根据血凝结果将１５６株尿源大肠杆菌分为三组，ＭＲＨＡ～＋组（４１株）作为引起肾盂肾炎的具有Ｐ菌毛的代表株，ＭＳＨＡ～＋组（４０株）作为引起下尿道感染的具有Ⅰ型菌毛的代表株，和ＨＡ～－组（７５株）。比较各组菌株产生溶血素、大肠杆菌素和尿道上皮细胞粘附能力的差异。结果表明，ＭＲＨＡ～＋组产生溶血素的菌株最多，占２９．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；大肠杆菌素的产生三组之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；平均每个尿道上皮细胞粘附的细菌数，ＭＲＨＡ～＋组为７０±１６，ＭＳＨＡ～＋组１５±５，前者明显高于后者（ｒ＜０．００１）。提示粘附特性可以作为建立致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌鉴定方法的依据。     

幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A的分离纯化

在对Ｈｐ毒力因子进行的研究中 ,发现ＣａｇＡ基因是Ｈｐ高毒力株的标志基因。其编码产物 细胞毒素相关蛋白Ａ(ＣａｇＡ)是引起人类严重胃部疾患的主要因素之一 ,ＣａｇＡ基因并不存在于所有的Ｈｐ菌株中 ,在中国人中约有 90 %感染者含有此基因。该基因已被克隆和测序 ,含有ＣａｇＡ基因与不含ＣａｇＡ基因的菌株在致病能力上存在显著的差异。目前一致认为含ＣａｇＡ基因的Ｈｐ菌株为高毒株 ,与消化性溃疡 ,萎缩性胃炎及胃癌的发生密切相关。ＣａｇＡ蛋白位于细胞表面 ,是一种亲水性免疫显性蛋白 ,可刺激患者机体产生相应的ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ抗…     

贵州小型猪胃粘膜5-HT及生长抑素免疫反应细胞的定位及表达

目的观察贵州小型猪胃粘膜5-羟色胺（5-HT）、生长抑素（SS）免疫反应（IR）细胞的分布及形态特点。方法用免疫组织化学SABC法显示成年贵州小型猪胃粘膜5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞,观察其分布和形态,并对阳性细胞进行计数。结果成年贵州小型猪胃粘膜5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞呈锥形、圆形、卵圆形、梭形等多种形态,主要分布于胃腺的体部和底部,阳性细胞计数以胃窦粘膜最多,胃体次之,贲门处最少。结论贵州小型猪胃粘膜5-HT-IR、SS-IR阳性细胞形态多样,分布密度以胃窦粘膜最多,与大多哺乳动物消化道内分泌细胞的分布规律相似。     

2.114 胃粘膜慢性炎症与功能性消化不良之间相互关系的探讨

目的功能性消化不良(FD)胃镜下所见多数大致正常,而30%～50%患者组织学上仍表现为慢性炎症.慢性胃炎与FD之间的关系,一直存在有争议.本研究旨在探讨胃粘膜慢性炎症与FD之间的相互关系.方法临床连续入选符合FD诊断的患者41例(男∶女=12∶29),平均年龄38. 2岁(21～65岁),病程2～10年.对所有患者首先进行消化不良症状(餐后饱胀、不适、早饱、打嗝为主,无反酸、烧心、便秘等)积分(0～4);通过胃镜取胃底、胃体、胃窦和十二指肠粘膜活检各2块,分别进行HE病理学检查和甲苯胺蓝染色观察Hp感染、肥大细胞计数及活化状况.结果 1.一般资料44例FD患者,消化不良症状积分为2.6±0.5分,变异系数为10.4%.2.组织学改变胃窦(31.7%)慢性活动性炎症显著高于胃底(7.3%)、胃体 (9.8%)和十二指肠(9.8%)(P＜0.05);胃窦粘膜组织(24.4%)显著低于以上其他部位 (53.7%、51.2%和46.3%)(P＜0.05);慢性非活动性炎症4个部位之间无显著性差别( 胃底、体、窦和十二指肠分别为39%、39%、43.9%和43.9%)(P＞0.05).3.各部位粘膜在慢性活动性、非活动性炎症和正常粘膜组中肥大细胞计数无显著不同;除胃底中慢性活动性、非活动性炎症组的肥大细胞活化计数和活化率显著高于正常粘膜组外(P＜0.05) ;3组的十二指肠降部粘膜中肥大细胞计数、活化计数和活化率均显著低于各部位胃内粘膜 .4. H.pylori检出率慢性活动性炎症组中除胃窦为51.8%外,其他部位并未检出;慢性非活动性胃炎中,胃体和胃窦显著高于胃底和十二指肠(P＜0.05);正常粘膜组中,H. pylori检出率胃窦显著高于其他部位(P＜0.05);H.pylori阳性与阴性FD患者之间,胃底、胃体和胃窦的肥大细胞计数、肥大细胞活化计数以及活化率之间无显著差别.结论胃十二指肠粘膜的慢性炎症可能是FD发生的病理学基础之一;胃底和胃体肥大细胞活化可能与FD的发病有关;H.pylori感染可能与FD之间的相关性并不显著.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.