遗传性多囊肝与单纯性肝脏多发囊肿的外科处理

目的 研究遗传性多囊肝与单纯性肝脏多发囊肿的外科处理与疗效方面的差异。方法对2001年3月～2004年10月我院收治的肝脏多发囊肿病例，进一步鉴别出遗传性与单纯性，分析外科处理与治疗效果方面的差异。结果单纯性肝脏多发囊肿57例，遗传性多囊肝病30例；外科处理上，单纯性肝脏多发囊肿多采取囊肿开窗术（占43．37％），而遗传性多囊肝多采用肝切除联合囊肿开窗术（占50％）；术后并发症发生率遗传性多囊肝显著高于单纯性肝脏多发囊肿（52．38％VS13．95％）。遗传性多囊肝行穿刺抽液术易发生囊内出血（发生率为37．5％）。术后囊肿复发与处理方式明显相关，单纯开窗术与穿刺抽液术复发率较高，分别为38．89％、55．56％。结论采用肝切除联合囊肿开窗术治疗遗传性多囊肝，术后易出现胸腹水等并发症。术后囊肿复发与处理方式相关。     

成人多囊肝病外科治疗

目的 研究ＡＰＬＤ的临床特征和有效的治疗方法。方法 ２８例ＡＰＬＤ经开窗术，肝叶、段切除术，部分病例联合肾囊肿开窗术等外科治疗。结果 经术前检查及手术证实２８例ＡＰＬＤ合并多囊肾（ＰＫＤ）２４例，４例联合胰腺囊肿，脾脏和卵巢肿各两例，妇女均有生育史、最多达８次。结论 ＡＰＬＤ 弥漫性肝囊肿致肝脏损害为特点，经内科治疗无显效。外科手术治疗获得较好疗效。     

Discussion

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results in a retrospective series of patients with highly symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease (APLD) treated by extensive fenestration techniques. A classification of APLD was developed as a stratification scheme to help surgeons conceptualize which operation to offer to patients with APLD. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Treatment options for APLD remain controversial, with partisans of fenestration techniques or combined liver resection-fenestration. METHODS: Clinical symptoms, performance status, liver volume measurement by computed tomography (CT), and morbidity were recorded before surgery and after surgery. Adult polycystic liver disease was classified according to the number, size, and location of liver cysts and the amount of remaining liver parenchyma. Follow-up was obtained by clinical and CT examinations in all patients. RESULTS: Ten patients with highly symptomatic APLD were operated on using an extensive fenestration technique (by laparotomy in 8 patients and by laparoscopy in 2 patients, 1 of whom conversion to laparotomy was required). The mean preoperative liver volume was 7761 cm3. There was no mortality. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 50%, mainly from biliary complications, requiring reintervention in two cases. Massive intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in one patient. During a mean follow-up time of 71 months (range, 17 to 239 months), all patients were improved clinically according to their estimated performance status. The mean postoperative liver volume was 4596 cm3, which represents a mean liver volume reduction rate of 43%. However, in type III APLD, despite absence of clinical symptoms, a significant increase in liver volume was observed in 40% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive fenestration is effective in relieving symptoms in patients with APLD. Hemorrhage and biliary complications are possible consequences of such an aggressive attempt to reduce liver volume. The procedure can be performed laparoscopically in type I APLD. A longer follow-up period is mandatory in type II APLD, to confirm the usefulness of the fenestration procedure. In type III APLD, significant disease progression was observed in 40% of the patients during long-term follow-up. Fenestration may not be the most appropriate operation for long-term management of all types of APLD.     

Surgical Strategy for Cystic Diseases of the Liver in a Western Hepatobiliary Center

The aim of this study was to define the indications and evaluate the results of various management options in patients with cystic liver disease. Between 1992 and 1999 we managed 60 consecutive patients with cystic liver disease. Diagnoses included a simple cyst (solitary 12, multiple 10), adult polycystic liver disease (APLD 17), Caroli’s disease (8), hydatid cysts (4), and neoplastic cysts (9). Half of the patients with simple cysts had mild or no symptoms and required no treatment. Percutaneous drainage in eight patients (simple cyst 4, APLD 4) was followed by symptomatic recurrence in three. Laparoscopic deroofing in three patients (multiple simple cysts 2, APLD 1) was followed by symptomatic enlargement of the remaining cysts that required further intervention (laparoscopic deroofing 2, transplantation 1). Laparoscopic hepatectomy was successful in three patients with solitary simple cysts. Of 18 patients who underwent open hepatic resection (neoplastic 8, Caroli’s 4, simple cysts 3, hydatid cysts 2, APLD 1), 2 patients with Caroli’s disease required liver transplantation for disease progression. Nine patients (Caroli’s 5, APLD 4) underwent liver transplantation, and three had a concomitant renal transplant. Seven patients developed complications, and three died (5%). Cholangiocarcinoma developed in three patients with bilateral Caroli’s disease, and all died. Radiologic treatment has a limited role in the management of patients with simple cysts or APLD. Laparoscopic deroofing of simple cysts may have to be repeated, whereas resection minimizes cyst recurrence. Unilobar Caroli’s disease may be resected, whereas bilateral disease requires early liver transplantation owing to the high risk of malignancy. Transplantation is a reserved option in patients with extensive APLD.     

The surgical management of congenital liver cysts

BACKGROUND: Most series that report the results of surgical treatment for congenital liver cysts focus more on the technical aspects of the operation than on the late outcome of these patients. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of appropriate patient selection and adequate surgical technique for successful long-term outcome. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients with congenital liver cysts were selected for surgical treatment. According to our own classification, 13 patients had simple liver cysts, nine had multicystic liver disease, and two had type I polycystic liver disease. All of these patients were treated by the fenestration technique. An open approach was used for five patients (group 1) treated between 1984 and 1990. In 19 patients (group 2) treated since 1991, a laparoscopic approach was used. The incidence of complicated liver cysts was 40% in group 1 and 68% in group 2. RESULTS: There were no treatment-related deaths in this series. The mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for patients who underwent successful laparoscopic fenestration (p < 0.05). In the open group (group 1), there were no postoperative complications, and all patients were alive and free of symptoms during a mean follow-up of 130 months, without any sign of cyst recurrence. In the laparoscopic group (group 2), four patients were converted to open surgery. One of these patients had an inaccessible posterior cyst; another had bile within the cystic cavity. A further two cases had complicated liver cysts with an uncertain diagnosis between congenital and neoplastic cysts. Four patients (21%) developed peri- or postoperative complications. During a mean follow-up time of 38.5 months, none of the patients with simple liver cysts incurred late symptoms or signs of cyst recurrence. In the six patients with multicystic liver disease, one developed disease-related cyst progression (17%) and required reoperation. One of the two patients with type I polycystic liver disease (50%) developed asymptomatic disease-related cyst progression. CONCLUSIONS: When patients are carefully selected and a proper surgical technique is employed, excellent long-term results with a low morbidity rate can be achieved in patients with congenital liver cysts. Patients with multicystic liver disease or type I polycystic liver disease are more prone to late cyst recurrence. A tailored approach is thus indicated for patients with congenital liver cystic disease. However, the laparoscopic approach appears to be the gold standard for the treatment of highly symptomatic or complicated simple liver cysts.     

Therapeutic dilemmas in patients with symptomatic polycystic liver disease

Most reports of the operative treatment of symptomatic polycystic liver disease (PCLD) are anecdotal or consist of only a small subset of patients in an institution's overall experience treating hepatic cysts. We have reviewed our experience with nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PCLD undergoing operative treatment from 1981 to 1987. Indications for operation include chronic abdominal pain (4 patients), cyst infection (2 patients), biliary obstruction (2 patients), inferior vena cava obstruction (2 patients), and symptomatic abdominal distention (2 patients). The average duration of symptoms leading to operation was 7.8 months. Three types of cystic disease were identified based on gross morphology: dominant cystic disease (3 patients), diffuse cystic disease (4 patients), and mixed cystic disease (2 patients). Operations to treat symptomatic PCLD included unroofing and external drainage of infected cysts (2 operations), simple unroofing (1 operation), cyst fenestration alone (4 operations) and fenestration combined with resection (3 operations). Treatment directed at principally dominant cysts (five patients) was associated with resolution of symptoms and low morbidity and mortality. Treatment directed at diffusely cystic disease (four patients) resulted in significant morbidity and mortality including three deaths. Successful surgical treatment of symptomatic patients with PCLD depends on accurate preoperative identification of patients with symptoms related to one or more dominant cysts. In this setting fenestration or simple unroofing of the dominant cyst is safe and effective treatment. By comparison, extensive fenestration with or without hepatic resection in patients with symptoms attributed to a diffusely cystic liver may be associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Laparoscopic fenestration for the treatment of patients with severe adult polycystic liver disease

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to present our experience in laparoscopic fenestration for patients with severe symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease (APLD), analyze its feasibility, and evaluate its immediate and mid-term outcome. METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2002, 9 patients underwent laparoscopic fenestration for symptomatic APLD in our laparoendoscopic unit. All patients had both liver lobes affected with multiple cysts, whereas type II disease (present in 8 patients) was not a contraindication for the procedure. The results were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Conversion to laparotomy was required in 1 patient who was submitted to a second laparoscopic procedure (2 years postoperatively) after being admitted to our department with sepsis. Complete regression of symptoms was achieved in 7 of our patients (77.8%). One death occurred because of acute renal failure established 5 weeks after the patient was discharged. During a mean follow-up of 25.8 months, 2 patients presented with recurrence of their symptoms (22.2%). One of them was reoperated on; both of them remain symptom free 14 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic fenestration appears to be a useful and effective approach for severe APLD. It is associated with short hospital stay and a significant symptom-free period. Despite the reported morbidity, aggressive and meticulous deroofing of as many cysts as possible can be successfully applied for carefully selected patients with type II disease.     

Treatment of highly symptomatic polycystic liver disease. Preliminary experience with a combined hepatic resection-fenestration procedure.

Polycystic liver disease (PLD) associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is usually well tolerated. However there is a small subset of patients who become incapacitated by massive liver enlargement and for whom effective nonsurgical therapy is limited. Recent surgical advances in the treatment of PLD have raised uncertainties regarding proper management of these highly symptomatic patients. We have reviewed our recent experience with a combined hepatic resection-fenestration procedure to assess its efficacy in nine patients. All patients underwent resection of two or more liver segments and extensive fenestration of residual cysts in the remnant liver. Symptomatic relief and reduction in abdominal girth were obtained in eight surviving patients, persisting for an average follow-up period of 17 months. No progression of cystic disease has been observed clinically or by computed tomography and hepatic function was preserved. Three patients had no complications. Five patients had complications including transient right pleural effusion (3) and thrombosis of an arteriovenous fistula (2). One patient who had a previous hepatic cyst fenestration and a cadaveric renal transplantation died after operation of an intracerebral hemorrhage after experiencing coagulopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, and sepsis. Our results suggest (1) some highly symptomatic patients with massive PLD may benefit from combined hepatic resection and fenestration with acceptable risk, and (2) previous liver surgery and immunosuppressive therapy may increase the risk of such surgery. Longer follow-up is needed in a larger number of patients to determine the duration of benefit from the combined resection-fenestration procedure for highly symptomatic PLD.     

Role of fenestration and resection for symptomatic solitary liver cysts

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic liver cysts can be managed surgically by fenestration or by hepatic resection. The present study was designed to investigate the current role of each surgical technique in the management of this benign condition. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with symptomatic liver cyst (non-parasitic and non-malignant) surgically treated by fenestration or resection were identified from a prospectively collected database. An analysis of primary outcome measures including operative parameters, morbidity and mortality rates, length of postoperative stay and recurrence rates in months was carried out. RESULTS: The laparoscopic fenestration group had the best perioperative outcome. At median follow up of 20 months, there were no recurrences in the resection group but recurrence occurred in 6/27 (22%) in the fenestration group. Four of these recurrences were asymptomatic and were managed conservatively while two symptomatic recurrences required a resection. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration is the best treatment for symptomatic liver cysts as the primary operation. It is associated with the lowest blood loss, lowest morbidity and shortest hospital stay. Liver resection is best reserved for recurrent symptomatic cysts and cystic lesions suspicious of tumours where it can be safely performed and associated with a zero recurrence rate.     

成人多囊肝病28例诊治探讨

目的 研究探讨多囊肝病（ＡＰＬＤ）的临床特征和有效的治疗方法。方法 ２８例ＡＰＬＤ经开窗术，肝叶，段切除术，部分病例联合肾囊肿开窗术等外科治疗。结果 经纺前检查及手术证实２８例ＡＰＬＤ合并多囊肾病（ＰＫＤ）２４例，４例合并胰腺囊肿，合并脾脏和卵巢囊肿各２例。妇女均有生育史，最多达８次，结论 ＡＰＬＤ以弥漫性肝囊肿致肝脏损害为特点，经内科治疗无显效，外科手术治疗获得一定效果。     

Does laparoscopic fenestration provide long‐term alleviation for symptomatic cystic disease of the liver?

Background: The use of laparoscopic technique for management of symptomatic liver cysts is documented to be a feasible and safe procedure with good short‐term symptomatic relief. However, it cannot be recommended as the standard of care as long‐term results are scarce. The present study was initiated to review the long‐term results of this approach in the management of symptomatic liver cysts. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with symptomatic liver cysts that were treated by laparoscopic fenestration in our department over an 8‐year period from 1993 to 2001. The clinical and radiographical data were analysed at follow‐up to assess the ­outcome. Results: Eleven patients were treated using a laparoscopic approach;10 patients with solitary cysts and one with adult polycystic liver disease. All patients achieved short‐term alleviation of symptoms and an uneventful postoperative course. The mean hospital stay was 3 days. Long‐term follow up was available for 9 patients with a mean of 44 months. Histologically, one of the patients was diagnosed with a biliary cystadenoma and she had a symptomatic recurrence and a liver resection at 20 months. In the other seven patients, there was no clinical recurrence but a radiographical recurrence of 28.5%. The patient with adult polycystic liver disease had two symptomatic recurrences: at 26 months where he underwent a repeat laparoscopic fenestration and at 43 monthswhere he underwent an open fenestration. Conclusion: The present study confirms that with adequate patient selection, long‐term alleviation of symptoms can be achieved with the laparoscopic approach for solitary simple liver cysts but not for polycystic liver disease or cystic tumours of the liver.     

Laparoscopic Treatment of Nonparasitic Liver Cysts: Adequate Selection of Patients and Surgical Technique

Results of laparoscopic fenestration in patients with a highly symptomatic solitary liver cyst (17 patients) or polycystic liver disease (PLD) (9 patients) were prospectively evaluated in a multicenter practice of general surgeons. Conversion to laparotomy was required in two patients because of inaccessible deep liver cyst in one and a diffuse form of PLD in the other. There was no mortality or major morbidity. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.6 days after successful laparoscopic procedures. During a mean follow-up of 9 months, 23% of the patients had recurrence of symptoms and 38% had radiographic reappearance of cysts. Factors predicting failure included previous surgical treatment, deep-sited cysts, incomplete deroofing technique, location in the right posterior segments of the liver, and a diffuse form of PLD with small cysts. Adequate selection of patients and type of cystic liver disease and meticulous and aggressive surgical technique are recommended.     

Laparoscopic management of symptomatic nonparasitic cysts of the liver. Indications and results.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study evaluated the results of and defined the indications for laparoscopic fenestration of symptomatic nonparasitic hepatic cysts, either solitary or diffuse. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Different surgical treatments have been proposed for highly symptomatic hepatic cysts: enucleation, fenestration, hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. The advent of laparoscopic surgery has given new opportunities but, at the same time, has increased the uncertainties concerning the proper management of these patients. METHODS: Eight patients with solitary cysts and nine with polycystic liver and kidney disease (PLD) were seen during a period of 2 years. After a careful review of the symptoms, 6 patients were excluded from surgical treatment and 11 (4 solitary cysts and 7 PLD) were treated by laparoscopic fenestration. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, hospital stay, and clinical early and late results were evaluated. RESULTS: In the solitary cyst group, there was no surgical morbidity or deaths, and a complete regression of symptoms occurred in all patients. No recurrences were observed. In the PLD group, two patients had to be converted to laparotomic fenestration (28%). There were no deaths, and the surgical morbidity was limited to two cases of postoperative ascites. Symptomatic relief was obtained in 80% of patients, but the symptoms recurred in 60%. A subgroup of PLD at high risk for recurrence was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The best indications for laparoscopic fenestration seem to be solitary cyst and PLD characterized by large cysts mainly located on the liver surface (type 1), whereas PLD characterized by numerous small cysts all over the liver (type 2) should be considered a contraindication to laparoscopic fenestration.     

Long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of simple renal cysts

The aim of this paper was to assess long-term results of transperitoneal laparoscopic fenestration in the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts. Fifteen consecutive patients (7 men, 8 women), with a mean age of 51 years (range, 36-79 years), underwent transperitoneal fenestration of simple renal cysts (SRC) at our institution from 1994 to 2001. Data were collected by reviewing patients' clinical files, conducting telephone interviews regarding symptoms, and followup renal ultrasonography (US). There were 15 symptomatic cysts (10 parenchymal, 5 peripelvic) ranging in diameter from 3.5 to 20 cm (mean, 8 cm). All patients had lumbar pain and in four (26.6%) the collecting system was compressed by the cysts. Fenestration was carried out laparoscopically in all patients. There was no mortality and no postoperative complications were recorded. No malignancies were detected at final histopathology. Mean length of stay was 2.5 days. All patients were available for long-term followup. At a mean of 60 months (range, 22-93 months) from surgery, three patients (20%) complained of slight discomfort in the lumbar area not requiring any analgesic. No recurrence of the cysts was seen on US. Two asymptomatic patients (13.3%) developed additional cysts originating from sites different than the one operated on. Laparoscopic fenestration of SRC is safe and effective in the long term to relieve patients from symptoms.     

Risk for laparoscopic fenestration of liver cysts

Background: Laparoscopic fenestration is considered the best treatment for symptomatic simple liver cysts. Conversely, the laparoscopic approach for the management of hydatid simple liver cysts is not widely accepted because of the risk for severe complications. Despite improvement in imaging techniques, the probability of preoperatively mistaking a hydatid liver cyst for a simple liver cyst remains about 5%. Therefore, laparoscopic fenestration, planned for a liver cyst could be performed unintentionally for an undiagnosed hydatid liver cyst. Methods: From January 2000 to January 2001, 15 patients with a diagnosis of liver cyst underwent laparoscopy for fenestration. In all cases preoperative serologic and imaging assessment had excluded hydatid liver cyst. To further exclude hydatid liver cyst, preliminary aspiration of the cyst with assessment of cystic fluid characteristics was performed. Results: In two patients with presumedly simple liver cyst, hydatid liver cyst was diagnosed instead at laparoscopy by aspiration of cystic fluid. The procedure was converted to laparotomy with subtotal pericystectomy. Conclusions: The risk of misdiagnosing a hydatid liver cyst for a simple liver cyst, especially in the presence of a solitary cyst, should be considered before laparoscopic fenestration is performed. Intraoperative aspiration of cyst fluid before fenestration can minimize this risk, thus avoiding severe intraoperative and late complications.     

Laparoscopic treatment of simple hepatic cysts and polycystic liver disease

Background: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of hepatic cysts and polycystic liver disease (PLD). Methods: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 patients underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and PLD (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. Results: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 patients. Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four patients: one patient with a solitary liver cyst experienced diarrhea, while a pleural effusion, a bleeding from the trocar-insertion site, and ascites occurred in three patients with PLD. Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one patient with a solitary cyst. Two patients with PLD had a symptomatic recurrence of a liver cyst. Conclusion: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and PLD. Adequate selection of patients and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.     

Symptomatic liver cyst: Special reference to surgical management

We conducted a retrospective study of 14 patients with symptomatic liver cysts to evaluate current therapeutic interventions for this condition. Abdominal pain (n = 7) or abdominal mass (n = 5) were the most frequent presentations. Three patients also had renal cyst. Percutaneous aspiration with ethanol sclerotheraphy was carried out in 4 patients and all cysts so treated diminished in size, with relief of the symptoms. One patient was treated by aspiration only and re-retension occurred. Cystectomy was performed in 2 patients, unroofing in 5, and fenestration in 2 patients. All patients gained relief of symptoms, with no recurrence of symptoms. Computed tomography revealed that the cysts were diminished or were no longer observable after all the treatments. Our experience indicates that unroofing, fenestration, and cystectomy are safe and suitable procedures for treatment of the condition. Ethanol sclerotherapy may be a feasible alternative to surgical intervention in selected patients. Received for publication on July 23, 1997; accepted on Dec. 25, 1997     

Laparoscopic fenestration of symptomatic liver cysts

The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopic fenestration of symptomatic liver cysts. Between September 1996 and September 2001, 6 patients underwent laparoscopic fenestration for symptomatic hepatic cysts. All 6 patients were women. The mean age was 59.5 (range 40-74). Two patients had single and 4 had multiple cysts. The mean diameter of the lesions, measured by preoperative computed tomography (CT), was 16.8 cm (range 10-20). The indications for surgical treatment included abdominal fullness associated with pain or dyspepsia. The surgical procedure involved puncture and aspiration of the cyst and subsequent circular electroresection of the cystic wall. Laparoscopic fenestration was successfully done in all 6 patients. The operating time was 148 minutes (range 110-215). Mean blood loss was 93 mL (range 5-300). Histologic examination of the cyst wall showed 5 simple cysts and 1 papillary serous cystadenoma. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The mean hospital stay after surgery was 4.3 days (range 3-5). Complete relief of symptoms was achieved in 5 patients during the postoperative follow-up (range 2-6 years, mean 4). Follow-up CT (1 month to 4 years) has shown regression of the cysts in all patients (mean 3.8 cm, range 2-8). Laparoscopic fenestration of symptomatic liver cysts is a simple and effective method to relieve symptoms with minimal surgical trauma.     

Surgical therapy of symptomatic arachnoid cysts - an outcome analysis

BACKGROUND: Arachnoid cysts may present with various symptoms and in different locations. Optimal treatment is still controversial, although cyst fenestration or shunt insertion are recognized as standard procedures. In this retrospective analysis the authors sought to determine which factors influence the outcome after surgery of symptomatic arachnoid cysts. METHODS: 37 patients (24 male, 13 female, mean age 40.2 years) were treated within a ten year period in our institution. Mean follow-up was 39 months; follow-up was done on an ambulatory basis. For analysis patient charts were reviewed and cranial CT scans or MR investigations were examined to determine pre- and postoperative cyst volumes. Clinical outcome was graded into four subgroups using a scale based on the patients self-rating of success. Different factors were studied concerning their influence on outcome. FINDINGS: Fenestration was performed in 28 cases, cysto-peritoneal or cysto-atrial shunting in 9 cases. A favourable outcome (subgroups 3 and 4) was achieved in 19 of 28 patients (fenestration) and in 6 of 9 patients (shunting), respectively. Mean reduction of the cyst volumes was 58% after fenestration and 74% after shunting revealing both methods to be effective. Degree of cyst volume reduction correlated significantly with clinical outcome. Patients with infratentorial cysts had more often a favourable outcome. Headache as the only symptom did not influence outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery of symptomatic arachnoid cysts resulted in favourable outcome in two thirds of the patients. Both standard procedures, fenestration and shunting, are equally effective for treatment. Factors that influence outcome are the rate of volume reduction and cyst location.     

腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗术治疗多囊肝的可行性及长期疗效观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗术治疗多囊肝的可行性及长期疗效。方法:回顾分析2003年至2010年为21例多囊肝患者行腹腔镜囊肿开窗术的临床资料,总结分析其术前情况、术后死亡率、术后并发症、术后囊肿及症状复发率。结果:手术顺利,无一例中转开腹。术后2例患者出现胆漏,其中1例伴少量胸腔积液,1例出现少量腹水,均保守治疗痊愈。术后随访24～103个月,平均49个月,2例囊肿复发,1例症状复发。结论:腹腔镜囊肿开窗术具有患者创伤小、康复快、复发率低等优点,术中联合应用多种有效手段,其并发症发生率及术后长期复发率逐渐降低,成为临床治疗多囊肝的有效术式。