北京市城乡限定学校一、四年级小学生近视眼患病率及相关危险因素

目的 分析北京市城乡一、四年级小学生近视患病率情况,并探讨其相关危险因素。设计 学校为基础的横断面调查。研究对象 共调查城乡各一所学校。382名一年级和299名四年级小学生参与研究。方法 对所有学生进行眼科检查,包括视力、眼球运动、电脑自动验光、眼前段、眼球生物测量及非散瞳眼底照相。并对学生及家长进行问卷调查,包括一般项目、用眼时间、户外活动以及社会经济学因素。近视与性别、地区、用眼时间、户外活动及社会经济学因素的关系采用多元回归模型进行分析。主要指标 近视患病率及相关的危险因素。结果 按照不同的近视定义［等效球镜度（SE）≤-0.50 D,≤-1.00 D,≤-1.50 D,≤-2.00 D］,本群学生中近视患病率分别为48.1%、27.9%、17.5%和11.6%。通过多因素Logistic回归分析,近视（SE≤-1.00D）患病率与年龄（P=0.003, OR=1.45）、地区（P=0.000, OR=0.20）、父母近视情况（P=0.000, OR=2.99）、户外运动时间（P=0.013, OR=0.14）、户外休闲时间（P=0.001, OR=0.33）、户外活动时间（P=0.001, OR=0.35）、看电视时间（P=0.008, OR=0.66）、学习时间（P=0.001, OR=1.37）有关。眼轴长度与年龄（P=0.000; 标准化系数β：0.28）、身高（P=0.001; β: 0.18）、父母近视情况（P=0.03; β：0.09）、地区（P=0.000; β：-0.21）、户外活动时间（P=0.001; β:-0.16）、户外休闲时间（P=0.001; β： -0.15）、学习时间（P=0.02; β：0.10）相关。因此年龄大、城市居住、户外活动少、父母近视、学习时间长者近视患病率高、眼轴长。结论 该限定城、乡地区学龄儿童近视患病率、眼轴长度与年龄、地区、父母近视、学习时间、户外活动等相关。增加户外活动时间,可能有助于降低青少年儿童的近视患病率。（眼科,2012,21： 127-131）     

远视性离焦对豚鼠屈光状态的影响

目的 观察不同方法形成的远视性离焦引起发育期豚鼠眼球屈光状态和眼轴长度的变化,探讨不同方法远视离焦视觉诱导的有效性以及高度离焦对眼轴异常发育的风险。设计 实验研究。研究对象18只6周龄雄性花色豚鼠。方法 将18只豚鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组（A组）3只,凹透镜诱导组（B组）10只,无晶状体眼诱导组（C组）5只。A组不做干预,B组右眼缝合镶有凹透镜（实验动物眼本身的屈光度基础上加-13.00 D）的眼罩3周,C组右眼于6周龄行晶状体针吸术。两组左眼均为对照眼。于实验前和诱导后3周（9周龄）分别检测双眼的屈光度、眼轴长度。对比实验前后和实验眼与对照眼屈光发育的差异,综合评估不同诱导方法的有效性。主要指标 等效球镜度数、眼轴长度。结果 诱导前,各组屈光度、眼轴长度差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。A组诱导前屈光度（2.83±0.29）D,眼轴（8.01±0.18）mm,3周后屈光度（2.17±0.29）D,眼轴（8.41±0.15）mm。B组诱导前屈光度（2.55±0.98）D,眼轴（8.15±0.24）mm;3周后屈光度（-0.50±0.67）D,眼轴（9.30±0.14）mm;诱导出（-2.83±0.80）D的相对近视,眼轴较诱导前增长（1.18±0.22）mm。C组针吸术后屈光度（35.25±2.06）D,眼轴（7.96±0.11）mm;3周后屈光度（29.75±1.70）D,眼轴（9.95±0.07）mm;诱导出（-5.50±0.58）D的相对近视,眼轴较诱导前增长（1.98±0.14）mm。B组、C组诱导眼眼轴长度增加和近视漂移比各自的对照眼和A组右眼均增加显著（P均＜0.05）。结论 发育期豚鼠对晶状体缺如和镶有高度负镜的眼罩诱导引起的远视离焦是敏感的,均有导致异常近视漂移和眼轴增长的作用。     

杭州市五所小学学生近视相关因素调查

目的 调查杭州地区小学生近视发生的相关因素。方法 横断面研究。采用整群抽样的方法,调查杭州市朝晖区5所小学1～6年级学生近视的情况,选取右眼数据,检查数据包括球镜度、散光度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率。收集信息包括父母近视情况,课后及周末写作业时间,课后及周末户外活动时间。采用单因素方差分析。结果 近视组与非近视组的性别、家族史、近距离作业及户外活动时间差异有统计学意义。女生近视患病率高于男生（63.7% vs. 67.4%）。父母近视（F=10.559,P＜0.05）、周末（F=7.555,P＜0.05）及课后（F=2.492,P＜0.05）写作业时间过长为近视的危险因素,课后（F=11.351,P＜0.05）及周末（F=6.387,P＜0.05）户外活动具有保护作用。结论 近视与性别、家族史、近距离工作及户外活动有关。环境与基因因素均与小学生近视密切相关,其中环境因素中近距离阅读对近视的作用具有很强的时间依赖性,户外活动中紫外线的作用值得关注。     

先天性白内障人工晶状体植入术后屈光状态及程度改变

目的 分析不同年龄段先天性白内障患者人工晶状体植入术后近视漂移及眼轴增长情况。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 31例（53眼）先天性白内障患儿,平均（3.21±1.56）岁时接受一期或二期人工晶状体植入术。方法 对以上患儿按手术年龄分为两组：Ⅰ组＜3岁（16例,27眼）,Ⅱ组≥3岁（15例,26眼）;按每次随访年龄分为三组：A组＜4岁（11例,18眼）,B组4~6岁（17例,30眼）,C组＞6岁（9例,15眼）。术后随访（28.74±11.67）个月,检查患儿屈光状态及眼轴增长情况。主要指标 屈光变化及眼轴长度变化。 结果 术后近视漂移程度：A组平均（1.18±0.98） D/年,B组平均（0.80±0.81） D/年,C组平均（0.71±0.82） D/年（F=3.532,P=0.032）;但B组与C组差异无统计学意义（P=0.605）。眼轴长度增加：Ⅰ组平均（1.22±0.76） mm,Ⅱ组平均（0.82±0.46） mm（P=0.030）。目标屈光度误差：Ⅰ组平均（1.64±1.32） D,Ⅱ组平均（0.55±1.16） D（P=0.009）。同一随访时间内屈光变化量与眼轴变化量呈中度相关（r=0.596,P<0.001）。结论 先天性白内障人工晶状体植入术后近视漂移程度随年龄增加而减小,年龄越小则眼轴增长及近视漂移幅度越大,在一定程度上,眼轴长度增加的幅度会影响到近视漂移的程度。（眼科, 2014, 23： 80-85）     

青海省高海拔藏族地区初中生近视率的调查研究

目的：了解青海省高海拔藏族地区初中生近视率及影响近视发生的因素,为近视的预防提供依据。 方法：采用分层整群抽样方法抽取2209名初中生作为调查对象,采用自制调查问卷收集性别、年龄、民族、年级、用眼行为、体育锻炼以及父母视力情况等,同时检测角膜曲率、前房深度和眼轴长度。 结果：研究对象近视患病率为48.02%,其中轻度近视、中度近视和高度近视分别占40.74%,35.31%和23.96%。角膜曲率、前房深度和眼轴长度在视力正常与不同程度近视研究对象间存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。不同性别、民族、年级、视近距离、坐姿、眼保健操、每周户外活动时间以及父母视力情况研究对象近视患病率间存在统计学差异（ P〈0.05）。 Logistic回归分析表明性别、民族、年级、视近距离、坐姿、眼保健操、每周户外活动时间以及父母视力情况是影响近视发生的因素。 结论：坐姿不正确、父母近视、视近距离〈20 cm、眼保健操不正确以及户外活动时间少等引起初中生近视的主要原因,应针对上述因素采取有效的预防控制措施。     

角膜塑形镜、周边离焦眼镜、单光眼镜对儿童近视控制的一年效果

目的 评价角膜塑形镜、周边离焦眼镜、单光眼镜控制儿童近视进展的一年效果。设计 前瞻性非随机临床对照研究。研究对象 北京市眼科研究所、北京同仁验光配镜中心、北医眼视光远程视觉服务中心的近视儿童321例,其中141例（43.9%,141/321）完成一年随访。平均年龄（11.41±2.29）岁。方法 所有儿童配镜前进行视力、睫状肌麻痹后验光、裂隙灯、Lenstar眼生物参数测量及彩色眼底照相视盘旁萎缩弧分析。根据患者及监护人要求分别选择单光眼镜（single vision spectacle lenses, SV）、角膜塑形镜（orthokeratology, OK）、周边离焦眼镜（peripheral defocus spectacel lenses, PD）三种不同的矫正方式。观察三组间屈光度进展、眼轴增长及视盘旁萎缩弧扩大率的差异。主要指标 配镜前后屈光度、眼轴长度和视盘旁萎缩弧的改变。结果 完成一年随访者SV组47例、 OK镜组70例、PD组24例。平均等效球镜度（-2.89±1.34）D,平均眼轴长度（24.92±0.34）mm。最后随访时,3组儿童眼轴长度均增长,其中OK镜组增长（0.13±0.16）mm,明显低于其他两组（F=48.820,P<0.001）。SV组屈光度增长（-0.77±0.79）D,PD组屈光度增长（-0.94±0.47）D（t=1.080,P=0.283）。SV组、PD组、OK镜组视盘旁萎缩弧扩大率分别为66.7%、38.6%和15.0%（?字2=28.341,P<0.001）。结论 随访一年的结果表明,与单光眼镜、周边离焦眼镜相比,角膜塑形镜控制屈光度进展、眼轴增长、视盘旁萎缩弧扩大的效果最佳。（眼科,2016,25： 302-306）     

学龄前高度远视和低度远视儿童屈光发育比较

目的：比较学龄前高度远视和低度远视儿童的屈光发育特点。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。收集 2020年7月至2021年12月在天津医科大学眼科医院就诊的学龄前远视性屈光不正儿童43例（86眼）。 根据睫状肌麻痹后球镜度结果将儿童分为高度远视组27例（54眼）,低度远视组16例（32眼）,分别于 基线和随访1年记录2组儿童的屈光度和眼球生物学参数,包括眼轴长度（AL）、角膜曲率半径、轴 率比。采用自身配对t检验进行组内屈光度和眼球生物学参数分析;采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行 组内最佳矫正视力比较;采用独立样本t检验进行组间眼生物学参数年变化量的差异分析。结果： 与基线值[（8.37±1.84）D]相比,高度远视组等效球镜度（SE）年降低量为（0.72±0.41）D（t=-9.26, P<0.001）。高度远视组AL年增长量[（0.31±0.18）mm]与低度远视组年增长量[（0.21±0.09）mm]的 差异有统计学意义（t=3.53,P=0.001）,2组间角膜曲率半径年变化差异无统计学意义;高度远视组 轴率比的年增长量（0.04±0.02）与低度远视组年增长量（0.02±0.03）的差异有统计学意义（t=3.23, P=0.002）。结论：与学龄前低度远视儿童相比,学龄前高度远视儿童的AL和轴率比的年增长幅度更 大,这提示有必要对高度远视儿童进行密切随访。     

户外活动和0.1 g·L-1阿托品对学龄期儿童控制近视发展的疗效对比

目的　对比并分析户外活动和0.1 g·L^-1阿托品对学龄期儿童控制近视发展的疗效。方法　选取2015年至2017年温州市人民医院眼科门诊收治的7~13岁近视小学生共计180例（360眼）为研究对象，随机平均分成3组:阿托品组、户外活动组和对照组。阿托品组儿童每晚睡前滴一次0.1 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼液，一次一滴，由家长实施。0.1 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼液由1.25 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼液与新泪然滴眼液按标准比例稀释而成。户外活动组嘱托老师和家长督促儿童课间及下午放学后在户外自由活动至少1 h；对照组儿童这期间不做任何处理。随访时间为1 a。检查3组对象在干预前和干预1 a后的近视屈光度、眼轴、眼压变化，记录近视度数快速增长率及有无发生不良反应，进行分析并比较各组差异。结果　干预1 a后，3组的屈光度改变量差异有统计学意义（F=291.39，P<0.001）；进一步两两比较:阿托品组与户外活动组屈光度改变量差异无统计学意义（q=1.21，P>0.05）；阿托品组和户外活动组屈光度改变量均小于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.01）。对照组近视度数快速增长率为44.17%（53/120），阿托品组为12.50% （15/120），户外活动组为14.17%（17/120）。阿托品组与户外活动组的近视度数快速增长率差异无统计学意义（P= 0.704）；阿托品组和户外活动组近视度数快速增长率均小于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.017）。干预1 a后，3组的眼轴改变量差异有统计学意义（F=216.13，P<0.001）；进一步两两比较:阿托品组与户外活动组的眼轴改变量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），阿托品组和户外活动组眼轴改变量均小于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.001）。对照组眼压改变量为（-0.23±4.17）mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)，阿托品组为（0.25±3.81）mmHg，户外活动组为（0.33±3.72）mmHg，差异无统计学意义（F=0.72，P=0.487）。阿托品组儿童自诉未出现不能耐受的副作用。结论　局部使用0.1 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼和增加户外时间能有效控制眼轴增长及近视度数增加，且两者在控制学龄期儿童近视进展的疗效无明显差异。     

1%阿托品不同用药方式对控制青少年低度近视进展的远期效果

 目的 探讨1%阿托品凝胶的不同用药方式对控制青少年低度近视发展的影响。设计 前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2011年1-4月就诊的9~12岁之间,屈光度数在-0.50~-1.50 DS之间的青少年150例（300眼）。方法 根据随机数字表法将患者随机分为3组,每组50例。A组为对照组：每晚使用1次1%阿托品凝胶。B组：每周使用2次。C组：每周使用1次。观察2年,每3个月复查。主要指标 视力、屈光度、眼压、眼轴长度。结果 133例完成了2年的观察。其中A组38例,B组47例,C组48例。失访率11.3%。3组经治疗后近视屈光度进展分别为（-0.33±0.11）D、（-0.36±0.13）D和（-0.62±0.30）D;眼轴增长分别为（0.32±0.08）mm、（0.33±0.10）mm和（0.48±0.17）mm。A组与B组球镜屈光度、眼轴长度变化较少,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。C组患者视力下降,屈光度增加,眼轴变长,与A、B组比较差异均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）。结论 1%阿托品凝胶长期滴眼能有效控制青少年低度数近视进展,每天用药与每周2次用药效果无显著性差异。每周2次用药患者耐受程度高,是比较适宜的给药方式。（眼科, 2014, 23： 111-114）     

角膜塑形镜去片裸眼视力低下的影响因素及近视控制效果

目的：探讨配戴角膜塑形镜6个月后去片裸眼视力低下的影响因素及近视控制效果。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。收集2015年4月至2017年1月于北京同仁医院验光配镜中心验配角膜塑形镜并随访至少6个月的青少年儿童,以去片后即刻裸眼视力能否达到0.8为标准将入选儿童分为2组。比较2组间年龄、视力、屈光度、眼压、角膜曲率、e值、角膜直径、瞳孔直径、非对称性指数、规则性指数的异同,以及对近视的控制效果。采用单因素及多因素线性回归分析去片裸眼视力的影响因素。结果：共50例（96眼）入组,年龄（10.6±2.4）岁,球镜度（-3.62±1.18）D,柱镜度（-0.33±0.43）D,眼轴长度（25.18±0.75）mm。其中裸眼视力≤0.8组52眼,裸眼视力>0.8组44眼,通过单因素分析,较差的裸眼视力与基础较长的眼轴长度（b=-0.09,β=-0.29,P=0.003）、较高的球镜度（b=0.07,β=0.36,P<0.001）、较高的柱镜度（b=0.12,β=0.22,P=0.030）有关。通过多因素线性回归分析,较差的裸眼视力与基础较高的球镜度（b=0.05,β=0.27,P=0.018）有关。6个月后裸眼视力≤0.8组儿童眼轴增长（0.07±0.15）mm,裸眼视力>0.8组儿童眼轴增长（0.11± 0.15）mm,差异无统计学意义。结论：影响角膜塑形镜去片裸眼视力的主要因素是屈光度和眼轴长度,屈光度越高、眼轴越长,去片后裸眼视力越差,但其对近视仍有较好的控制作用。     

青少年儿童近视屈光度与眼球生物学屈光参数及中心凹下脉络膜厚度的关系

目的：探讨青少年儿童近视屈光度与眼轴长度（AL）、中央角膜厚度（CCT）、眼压（IOP）、角膜曲率（CC）及中心凹下脉络膜厚度（CT）之间的关系,为青少年儿童近视的防治提供依据。方法：系列病例研究。选取2016 年3-12 月在山西省眼科医院就诊的青少年儿童近视患者。散瞳验光测量屈光度并测量CCT、IOP、AL、CC及CT等数据。依据等效球镜度（SE）分为低、中、高度近视组,分析屈光度与CCT、IOP、AL、CC及中心凹下CT的关系。组间数据比较采用方差分析,变量间的相关性 分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果：共纳入青少年儿童近视患者80例（158眼）,年龄（7.9±2.4）岁。低、中、高度近视组SE分别为（-2.28±0.85）D、（-4.43±0.82）D、（-8.51±1.50）D。低、中、高度近视组AL分别为（24.0±0.7）mm、（25.0±0.6）mm、（26.6±1.5）mm,3组间总体差异有统计学意义（F=55.03,P < 0.001）,中心凹下CT分别为（280±82）μm、（207±63）μm、（184±72）μm,3 组间总体差异有统计学意义（F=12.64,P < 0.001）。各组间CCT、IOP、CC差异均无统计学意义。屈光度的绝对值与AL呈正相关性（r =0.858,P < 0.001）,与CT呈负相关性（r =-0.590,P < 0.001）。CT与AL、CCT呈负相关性（r =-0.567,P < 0.001;r =-0.300,P=0.007）,余指标间无相关性。结论：随青少年儿童近视屈光度增加,AL增加,中心凹下CT厚度的减小,而屈光度与CCT、IOP、CC的关系不明确。     

The effect of parental history of myopia on children's eye size and growth: results of a longitudinal study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of parental myopia on eye size and growth in Chinese children. METHODS: A school-based, cross-sectional survey was performed in Chinese children 5 to 16 years of age. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted 1 year later. The effects of parental myopia, parental education level, and near work performed by the child on the refractive error and ocular biometry of the child were assessed. RESULTS: There were 7560 children enrolled in the initial study (response rate: 76.3%). One year later, 4468 children (response rate: 75.9%) in the original cohort (with the exception of those who had completed primary schooling) were evaluated, to determine eye growth. Although children with a stronger parental history of myopia tended to be less hyperopic before the onset of myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] = 0.43 D, 0.67 D, and 0.68 D in children with two, one, and no myopic parents respectively; P = 0.007), the axial lengths did not follow the same pattern (axial length [AL] = 23.11, 23.07, and 23.15 mm; P = 0.429). Eye growth and myopic shift in refraction occurred more rapidly among children with a stronger parental history of myopia (annual AL growth/myopia progression = 0.37 mm/-0.22 D, 0.26 mm/-0.07 D, and 0.20 mm/-0.02 D in children with two, one, and no myopic parents, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular biometric data in Chinese children suggest that parental history of myopia influences the growth rate of the eye, rather than its size before the onset of myopia, as previously reported in Caucasian children. Further longitudinal studies involving children of different ethnicities are warranted.     

Axial length, corneal radius, and age of myopia onset

PURPOSE: This study was designed to establish variations in the biometry of the ocular globe according to refractive state, and to determine the extent to which these characteristics contribute to the appearance and degree of myopia. METHODS: Subjects recruited for the study were 583 university students of mean age 20.32 +/- 2.82 years. Objective refraction without cycloplegia and the corneal radius (CR) of curvature were determined using an autokeratorefractometer. The axial length (AL) of the eye was measured by ultrasound biometry. The population was then characterized according to these three variables to establish relationships among them. Data were stratified by both refractive state and age of onset of myopia. RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia (more minus than 0.50 D) was 57.78%; half the refractive defects being less minus than -3.00 D. The AL of the eye was found to be more related to the refractive error than the CR, especially in subjects with moderate myopia. In emmetropes or subjects with low myopia, the CR was directly correlated with AL, although this correlation was somewhat diminished in moderate myopias. Nonetheless, in the latter and in juvenile-onset myopia, a trend towards a shorter radius of curvature was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The AL of the eye is the main morphological variable related to myopia. The function of the cornea seems to compensate the possible myopizing effects of slight increases in AL. When increases in AL are excessive, this effect of the cornea tends to disappear.     

Myopia, axial length, and OCT characteristics of the macula in Singaporean children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between macular volume and thickness, as assessed by optic coherence tomography (OCT), with refraction and axial length (AL) in children. METHODS: A total of 104 Chinese school children (51 girls and 53 boys) 11 to 12 years of age were randomly selected from one school during the 2005 examination in the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM). Cycloplegic autorefraction was performed to obtain refraction (defined as spherical equivalent [SE]) and ultrasound biometry performed to obtain the AL. Macular volume and thickness were then measured (StratusOCT3; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). RESULTS: Children with moderate myopia (SE at least -3.0 D) tended to have smaller total macular volume and thinner quadrant-specific macular thickness (except in the inferior and superior inner quadrants), followed by children with low myopia (-0.5-0.5 D). Total macular volume was positively associated with SE (beta=1.58, 95% CI, 0.84 to 2.32, standardized beta=0.14, P<0.001) and negatively associated with AL (beta=-1.20, 95% CI, -1.62 to -0.79, standardized beta=0.45, P<0.001) in multiple linear regression models controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In children, increasing axial myopia was associated with reduced macular volume and thickness. These findings suggest that early anatomic changes may be present in the retinas of children with axial myopia.     

Refractive error and ocular biometry in Jordanian adults

The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of refractive errors in Jordanian adults of working age, and to study the ocular biometric correlates of refractive error in this population. Refractive error and ocular biometry were measured in 1093 Jordanian adult subjects aged 17-40 years to determine the prevalence of refractive error, and explore structural correlations of ametropia. Refractive error was measured using a Grand-Seiko GR-3100K closed-view infrared autorefractor. Ocular component measurements were made using A-scan ultrasonography and autokeratometry. The prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent refraction (SER) less than -0.50 DS] and hyperopia (SER greater than +0.50 DS) was 53.71 and 5.67% respectively; 40.62% of the sample was emmetropic (refraction between +0.50 D and -0.50 D inclusive in both principal meridians). The distribution of SER was found to show marked leptokurtosis, exhibiting a peak between plano and 1 D of myopia. Corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth and axial length (AL) parameters were normally distributed in the population studied. AL to corneal curvature ratio was not normally distributed, and showed marked leptokurtosis. Linear regression analysis showed that AL correlated most closely with spherical equivalent refractive error. This study has established a database of refractive error prevalence and ocular biometric correlates of ametropia in a Middle Eastern population of working age.     

Refractive errors,axial ocular dimensions,and age-related cataracts: the Tanjong Pagar survey

PURPOSE: To describe the relationship of refractive errors and axial ocular dimensions and age-related cataract. METHODS: Population-based, cross-sectional survey of ocular diseases among Chinese men and women aged 40 to 81 years (n = 1232) living in the Tanjong Pagar district in Singapore. As part of the examination, refraction and corneal curvature were determined with an autorefractor, with refraction further refined subjectively. Ocular dimensions, including axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth, were measured with an A-mode ultrasound device. Lens opacity was graded clinically according to the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS) III system. Refraction, biometry, and cataract data on right (n = 989) and left (n = 995) eyes were analyzed separately. RESULTS: In analyses controlling for age, gender, education, diabetes, and cigarette smoking, nuclear cataract was associated with myopia (-1.35 D vs. -0.11 D, P < 0.001, comparing right eyes with and without nuclear cataract), but not with any specific biometric component. Cortical cataract was associated with thinner lenses (4.67 mm vs. 4.79 mm, P = 0.001, comparing right eyes with and without cortical cataract), but not with refraction and other biometric components. Posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with myopia (-1.80 D vs. -0.39 D, P < 0.001, comparing right eyes with and without posterior subcapsular cataract), deeper anterior chamber (3.00 mm vs. 2.89 mm, P = 0.02), thinner lens (4.62 mm vs. 4.77 mm, P = 0.001), and longer vitreous chamber (15.78 mm vs. 15.57 mm, P = 0.09), but not with overall axial length and corneal curvature. Adjustment for vitreous chamber depth attenuated the association between posterior subcapsular cataract and myopia by 65.5%, but did not substantially change the association between nuclear cataract and myopia. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based data support the associations between nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts and myopia reported in previous studies. Posterior subcapsular cataract is also associated with deeper anterior chamber, thinner lens, and longer vitreous chamber, with vitreous chamber depth explaining most of the association between posterior subcapsular cataract and myopia.