不同耕作覆盖措施下延收对春玉米产量及籽粒品质的影响

选用5种耕作覆盖方式和7个采收时期研究延收对籽粒产量、千粒重、籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量及其对应的产出量的影响，为玉米获得高产优质提供依据。结果表明：适时延收可使玉米产量及主要营养成分产出量明显增加，延收15 d，产量增幅为10.19%～15.62%，千粒重增幅为14.70%～20.39%；籽粒蛋白质含量增加0.26%～1.29%，产出量增加117～230 kg·hm^-2；脂肪含量增加0.05%～0.40%，产出量增加54～78 kg·hm^-2；淀粉含量虽然降低0.5%～4.9%，但产出量仍然增加340～773 kg·hm^-2。黄土高原地区春玉米延收15 d具有明显的增产和提高籽粒品质产量的效果，但增幅因耕作和覆盖方式不同而存在差异。     

玉米浆质量的控制及其对青霉素发酵生产的影响

玉米浆是用亚硫酸浸泡玉米浆的水经过浓缩加工制成的,是鲜黄色到暗褐色的浓稠,不透明的絮状悬浮物,约含50%干物质,由于玉米浆中含有较丰富的可溶性蛋白质,很易被菌体利用,故为抗生素发酵的良好氮源,它还含有笨乙胺和苯丙氨酸,这些组分显然亦有青霉素 G 前体的作用,因此,在培养基中加     

黄浆与葡萄糖三道母液混合制酒精

生产淀粉的下脚料——黄浆中的淀粉含量较高,按目前我厂的工艺条件,淀粉含量在60％左右。淀粉含量如此高的黄浆,却用作猪饲料,既影响到葡萄糖的生产成本,亦影响到粮食的消耗。至于葡萄糖三道母液的加工处理,过去亦未得到较好的解决。为了贯彻毛主席“勤俭办工厂……”的教导,我们从1975年四季度至1977年一季度曾用小部分黄浆与葡萄糖三道母液混合制白酒,并用小型波纹塔试产得90～95.5％的酒精1.45吨。根据我们所掌握的黄浆与葡萄糖三道母液的历史材料,今年可产酒精20吨,折合玉米近     

鲨鱼软骨的氨基酸分析

用835－50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了鲨鱼软骨粉中17种氨基酸的含量，其总含量高达30％左右。同时用凯氏定氮法测定了鲨鱼软骨粉中总氮含量，按一般方法计算出来的蛋白质含量竞高达50％以上。这提示．鲨鱼软骨中除含蛋白质和多肽之外，尚含相当量其它含氮化合物。     

玉米麸质综合利用的实验研究

玉米麸质是目前国内以玉米为原料生产药用淀粉的下脚料,通称麸质粉。麸质粉中尚含有40％—60％左右的淀粉和20％—40％的玉米蛋白(见表一),不能有效的利用于医 药工业生产。玉米麸质所含淀粉,部份是游离淀粉,另一部份则是联结淀粉,它们与玉米蛋白混合或联结在一起,曾试用过多种物理方法都难以把它们分离开来,为了使混合在一起的淀粉和玉米蛋白得到有效利用,特别是在医药生产上得到广泛的利用,使其达到既节约粮食又促进医药生产的目的,我们对玉米麸质的综合利用进行了摸索实验。现将实验情况报告如下。     

抗脂肪肝胶囊成型工艺研究

目的：筛选 抗脂肪肝胶囊的适宜辅料和成型工艺。方法：在25℃、相对湿度为75％的条件下，用同一剂量的不同辅料与抗脂肪肝胶囊全浸膏粉制成药粉和颗粒后，就其吸湿百分率进行比较。结果：以玉米淀粉为辅料与药粉混合制粒，成品的吸湿率最低。结论：药粉吸湿率较大，而药粉与玉米淀粉混合制粒后，可大大提高成品的稳定性。     

除去卡提素中残余蛋白的初步研究

为了进一步降低卡提素（卡介菌多糖核酸，BCG－PSN）中蛋白质含量，使之符合《中国生物制品规程》标准，以复合分离剂对蛋白质含量超过1％的卡提素进行法蛋白处理研究。结果表明：在核酸，多糖含量基本不变，成品损失6％－10％的情况下，蛋白质含量可降至0．7％左右，经过处理后的卡提素，各指标均符合《中国生物制品规程》中“精制卡介菌多糖核酸”标准。该方法简单易行，去蛋白效果明显。     

缺乏蛋白质和锌的豚鼠对卡介苗接种的应答

本试验将体重250～350g的雌性无特定病原体豚鼠,按限制饲料中蛋白质(卵白蛋白30%或10%)和锌(50μg/g或无)的含量分成4组(在低蛋白组中以玉米淀粉补足热量):     

优化菲汀制备的工艺条件

采用正交试验法和单因素考察相结合，优选出用米糠制备菲汀的工艺条件。所得菲汀中蛋白质含量低、不含无机磷酸盐、产品收率４．５５％，菲汀含量达９５％，提取率达９２．６７％，且提高了萃取菲汀后的糠粕中蛋白质含量，有利于米糖的综合利用，达到试验设计的目的。     

声音

最新的牛奶安令标准，其实是根据我同的国情制定的牛奶新标准。我旧的奶牛冬天吃的是玉米。挤出的牛奶．蛋白质含量根本达小到2．95％。     

羧甲淀粉钠中氯乙酸残留对马来酸氯苯那敏稳定性的影响

目的探讨羧甲淀粉钠中残留的氯乙酸对马来酸氯苯那敏稳定性的影响。方法测定不同存放条件下羧甲淀粉钠中氯乙酸残留量,以及以此制备的马来酸氯苯那敏制剂中主成分、最大杂质、总杂质含量,考察羧甲淀粉钠中氯乙酸残留与马来酸氯苯那敏降解程度间的相关性。结果各批样品均有不同程度的氯乙酸残留,近20%的样品氯乙酸残留超过0.2%,最高达1.68%。马来酸氯苯那敏对照品在20℃与40℃条件下存放均稳定,无明显杂质产生;相同存放条件下,马来酸氯苯那敏的降解速率随羧甲淀粉钠中氯乙酸含量的增大而提高;氯乙酸含量相同的羧甲淀粉钠样品的放置温度越高,马来酸氯苯那敏的降解速率越快。结论羧甲淀粉钠中氯乙酸对马来酸氯苯那敏的稳定性存在影响,提示在制剂开发中,需关注辅料中氯乙酸对带负电荷或未共享电子对等易发生亲核反应原料药质量的影响。     

Development of Fast Dispersible Aceclofenac Tablets: Effect of Functionality of Superdisintegrants

Aceclofenac, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, is used for posttraumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Aceclofenac fast-dispersible tablets have been prepared by direct compression method. Effect of superdisintegrants (such as, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone) on wetting time, disintegration time, drug content, in vitro release and stability parameters has been studied. Disintegration time and dissolution parameters (t_50% and t_80%) decreased with increase in the level of croscarmellose sodium. Where as, disintegration time and dissolution parameters increased with increase in the level of sodium starch glycolate in tablets. However, the disintegration time values did not reflect in the dissolution parameter values of crospovidone tablets and release was dependent on the aggregate size in the dissolution medium. Stability studies indicated that tablets containing superdisintegrants were sensitive to high humidity conditions. It is concluded that fast-dispersible aceclofenac tablets could be prepared by direct compression using superdisintegrants.     

羟乙基淀粉联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性分水岭脑梗死的疗效

目的观察羟乙基淀粉联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性分水岭脑梗死的疗效。方法87例急性分水岭脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组46例,对照组41例。治疗组用羟乙基淀粉联合奥扎格雷钠治疗,对照组用奥扎格雷钠治疗。治疗前及治疗后14d神经功能缺损程度评分并判断疗效。结果治疗后14d两组患者神经功能缺损评分较治疗前均有改善（均P〈0.01）,治疗组神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组患者神经功能缺损评分减少值明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。两组均无明显不良反应。结论羟乙基淀粉联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性分水岭脑梗死疗效显著,安全有效。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉在创伤失血性休克手术中的应用与护理

目的研究高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉用于创伤失血性休克患者的有效性和安全性。方法选取创伤失血性休克患者40例,随机分为高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉组和复方氯化钠组,每组20例。两组患者均采用吸入麻醉,诱导时依次静脉注射芬太尼2～4μg/kg、阿曲库铵0.5～0.6mg/kg、依托咪酯0.3～0.4mg/kg,气管插管后行机械控制呼吸,麻醉维持吸入2%～4%七氟醚,深度维持脑电双频谱指数50～60。手术前HS组输入高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉400～500mL;LRS组常规输入等量复方氯化钠。记录液体输注前及麻醉后MAP、HR变化。于输液前、输液后30min抽取静脉血检测电解质。结果给药后HS组MAP逐渐升高,HR逐渐减慢,15、30、60min时间点MAP明显高于给药前和LRS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HR慢于给药前和LRS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HS组Na+、Cl-高于输液前和LRS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉可以有效、安全地用于创伤失血性休克患者,护理的关键是密切观察循环系统的变化,以及预防羟乙基淀粉快速输入可能引起的变态反应。     

Preparation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets of Pheniramine Maleate by Effervescent Method

In the present work, orodispersible tablets of pheniramine maleate were designed with a view to enhance patient compliance by effervescent method. In the effervescent method, mixture of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid (each of 12% w/w concentration) were used along with super disintegrants, i.e., pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity and in vitro dispersion time. Based on in vitro dispersion time (approximately 60 s), three formulations were tested for in vitro drug release pattern (in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer), short-term stability (at 40±2°/75±5% RH for 3 mo) and drug-excipient interaction (IR spectroscopy). Among three promising formulations, formulation ECP₄ containing 4% w/w crospovidone and mixture of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid (each of 12% w/w) emerged as the overall best formulation (t_70% = 1.65 min) based on the in vitro drug release characteristics compared to commercial conventional tablet formulation. Short-term stability studies on the formulations indicated no significant changes in the drug content and in vitro dispersion time (P < 0.05).     

Allicin modulates diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats via reducing oxidative stress and caspase 3 protein expression

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of allicin against diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats.MethodsSixty male Wister albino rats were assigned into six groups. The control group received calcium carbonate and corn starch. 2^nd group received diclofenac sodium (2 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 3^rd group received allicin (45 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 4^th group administrated diclofenac sodium as in the 2^nd group and allicin (15 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 5^th group received diclofenac sodium as in the 2^nd group and allicin (30 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 6^th group received diclofenac sodium as 2^nd and allicin (45 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days.ResultsDiclofenac sodium significantly elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and serum levels of creatinine and urea. In addition, it induced hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, pathological alteration and caspase 3 protein expression in hepatic and renal tissues. However, it decreased reduced glutathione concentration and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression in hepatic tissues. In contrast, allicin modulated the diclofenac sodium induced alteration in liver and kidney functions and structures dose dependently.ConclusionThis study indicated that allicin had potential preventive effects against diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats.     

小容量高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对创伤失血性休克的影响

目的评价小容量高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液（HSS40）对创伤失血性休克患者组织灌注的影响。方法2007年2月-2008年2月本院ICU收治的46例创伤失血性休克病人,随机分为观察组（H组n=25）和对照组（R组n=21）。H组：在林格氏液进行液体复苏之前给予高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液（4ml/kg）;R组：仅给予林格氏液进行液体复苏。两组在持续监测HR、BP、尿量的同时,分别于观察0,1,2,4和24 h抽中心静脉血,监测中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）及血乳酸。结果（1）H组在给药1h后ScvO2迅速升高,但在正常范围内。同R组对比有显著差异（P〈0.05）,给药后24h,两组ScvO2无显著差异（P〉0.05）。（2）R组复苏1小时后各时间点血乳酸水平均明显高于H组（P〈0.05）。结论采用小容量高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液治疗创伤失血性休克,能迅速提高ScvO2,增加乳酸清除率,改善组织灌注。     

Compatibility study between acetylcysteine and some commonly used tablet excipients.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), HPLC and TLC were used to investigate the interactions between the mucolytic drug acetylcysteine and a number of commonly used tablet and capsule excipients. Acetylcysteine was found to be compatible with microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 101), sodium carboxymethylcellulose, amorphous silicon dioxide (Aerosil), PVP, cross-linked PVP (Polyplasdone XL), corn starch, saccharose and magnesium stearate. Acetylcysteine thermal stability (onset degradation temperature) was decreased in mixtures with corn starch, magnesium stearate, saccharose and lactose. Interactions of acetylcysteine with lactose, PEG 4000 and 6000, glycine, adipic acid and saccharin sodium were found using DSC and studied in detail with FT-IR, HPLC and TLC. The results suggest that acetylcysteine in mixtures with PEG 4000, glycine or saccharin sodium is degraded during storage at conditions of high temperature and humidity.     

新型痛风治疗药物lesinuard sodium

lesinuard sodium是一种新型的痛风治疗药物,于2008年由Ardea Biosciences公司研发。该药物主要通过抑制尿酸盐转运蛋白1（URAT1）增加尿酸的排泄来治疗痛风。URAT1被认为是存在于肾脏中用于转运尿酸盐的主要蛋白,能够将尿酸从管腔转入近曲小管上皮细胞并转化为单羧酸盐。临床研究显示,lesinuard sodium可被良好耐受,且能剂量相关性地降低血浆中的尿酸水平。主要介绍lesinuard sodium的药物概况、相关背景、合成路线、药理作用、临床前及临床试验的研究、安全性评价等方面。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液治疗失血性休克临床观察与护理

目的观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液治疗失血性休克的临床效果,探讨护理措施。方法 53例失血性休克患者随机分为观察组28例和对照组25例,2组入院后立即给予生命体征监护,容量治疗,对照组加用复方氯化钠注射液治疗,观察组加用高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液治疗,监测2组用药前及用药30min后中心静脉压（CVP）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）,血浆Na＋、Cl-、K＋浓度。结果 2组用药30min后CVP、DBP、SpO2升高,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05和P〈0.01）,且观察组改善情况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组治疗后Na＋、Cl-升高,K＋降低,但与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,且组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对于失血性休克的治疗有一定的应用价值。护士应配合医师观察病情,发现问题,及时处理,才能最大限度地提高抢救成功率。