尿激酶在微创颅内血肿清除术148例中的应用

目的：尿激酶在颅内血肿微创清除术中的临床疗效分析。方法：148例颅内血肿经CT三维立体定位后，用直径3mm的微创针穿刺血肿靶点，用尿激酶作生化激活溶解剂，对血肿进行冲刷、融碎、液化、引流，直至血肿清除，每次剂量尿激酶3万u加生理盐水3ml。注入血肿腔内。结果：颅内血肿应用尿激酶作生化激活溶解剂对血肿清除时间：24小时31例（21％），24－48小时52例（35％），48－72h65例（44％）。讨论：尿激酶具有低分子31300－高分子54700，带强负电荷生化激活溶解剂，能将纤维蛋白网及纤维蛋白激活成纤维蛋白单体，负电荷解除它的附和性，使血肿溶解成微小颗粒悬液状而引流清除，尿激酶药理稳定，副作用少，使用方便，价格相宜，临床疗效确切。     

尿激酶在微创颅内血肿清除术148例中的应用

目的 :尿激酶在颅内血肿微创清除术中的临床疗效分析。方法 :14 8例颅内血肿经CT三维立体定位后 ,用直径 3mm的微创针穿刺血肿靶点 ,用尿激酶作生化激活溶解剂 ,对血肿进行冲刷、融碎、液化、引流 ,直至血肿清除 ,每次剂量尿激酶 3万u加生理盐水 3ml。注入血肿腔内。结果 :颅内血肿应用尿激酶作生化激活溶解剂对血肿清除时间 :2 4小时 3 1例 (2 1% ) ,2 4～ 48小时 5 2例(3 5 % ) ,48～ 72h65例 (4 4 % )。讨论 :尿激酶具有低分子 3 13 0 0—高分子 5 470 0 ,带强负电荷生化激活溶解剂 ,能将纤维蛋白网及纤维蛋白激活成纤维蛋白单体 ,负电荷解除它的附和性 ,使血肿溶解成微小颗粒悬液状而引流清除 ,尿激酶药理稳定 ,副作用少 ,使用方便 ,价格相宜 ,临床疗效确切。     

钻孔引流加尿激酶溶解治疗亚急性期颅内血肿

目的探讨颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流治疗亚急性期颅内血肿的疗效.方法将309例亚急性期颅内血肿病人随机分为颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流组166例及手术开颅清除血肿组143例,分别对两组血肿清除情况、预后、并发症、平均住院日及平均住院费用进行统计学分析.结果钻孔组病人的血肿清除率与手术开颅组比较无显著性差异,但其预后、并发症、平均住院日及平均住院费用均优于手术开颅组.结论钻孔尿激酶溶解引流治疗亚急性期颅内血肿方法简便、疗效确切.     

锥颅双孔置管尿激酶引流治疗老年人慢性硬膜下血肿

目的 探讨锥颅双孔置管尿激酶溶解引流术治疗老年人慢性硬膜下血肿的效果。方法 2000年2月至2006年4月我科对52例老年慢性硬膜下血肿病人采用经皮颅内血肿前上部和后下部锥颅置管、注入尿激酶液化血肿，辅以促进受压脑组织复位等措施。术后观察受压脑组织复位时间、引流时间、Barthel指数评分、CT复查结果。结果 本组52例术后血肿清除或基本清除。受压脑组织复位时间、引流时间、Barthel指数评分及CT复查结果显示，病人预后良好，无复发。结论 锥颅双孔置管尿激酶引流治疗老年人慢性硬膜下血肿，操作方法简单，时间短，创伤小，不易感染，能较彻底地清除血肿，疗效满意，复发率低。     

高血压壳核出血的超早期微创治疗

目的评价应用微创血肿碎吸和大剂量尿激酶溶解引流,超早期治疗高血压壳核出血的临床效果。方法依据CT定位,采用YL—1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针钻颅血肿碎吸、大剂量尿激酶溶解引流,超早期治疗高血压壳核出血32例。结果血肿基本清除2d 5例,3 d 19例,7d 8例。对侧肢体瘫痪6 h内好转4例,3 d内明显恢复11例,3周内明显好转19例。3个月后ADL分级:ADL I级8例,ADL Ⅱ级10例,ADL Ⅲ级8例,ADL Ⅳ级1例,ADL V级1例。死亡4例,死亡率为12.5％。结论应用微创血肿碎吸、大剂量尿激酶溶解引流,超早期治疗高血压壳核血血具有脑损伤轻微、操作简便、起效快、手术时间短、并发症少及费用低的特点,它弥补了开颅手术和保守治疗的不足,便于在基层医院推广应用。     

微创溶解引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿60例疗效观察

目的探讨应用微创钻孔置管注入尿激酶溶解冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的手术疗效。方法采用钻孔置管注入尿激酶溶解血肿，持续引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿。一般引流时间2～3d，至无引流物拔除引流管。结果60例中血肿全部消失者,51例，气颅6例，3例经引流病情无好转，开颅清除血肿，术中见血肿呈多房性，全组无1例死亡，无颅内感染、癫痫等并发症。结论微创钻孔置管注入尿激酶溶解冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，能显著减少创伤及缩短手术时间，是一种有效且安全的方法。     

尿激酶溶凝时效性和量效性的体外研究

目的探讨不同剂量尿激酶溶解体外血凝块的效果,寻找最佳溶凝时间和用药剂量,为临床上合理应用尿激酶溶解液化颅内血肿提供实验依据。方法参照临床常见的高血压脑内血肿出血量,取180例健康志愿者静脉血60m1,加尿激酶0．5、1、2、5、10及15万U,测量加药后1、2、3、4、5、6h的溶凝效果,分析尿激酶最佳溶凝时间和用药剂量。结果尿激酶溶凝作用随时间延长逐渐降低,不同尿激酶剂量在加药后1、2、3、4h均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;4h后无明显差异（P〉0．05）。各时间点,0．5、1、2万U尿激酶无显著性差异（P〉O．05）,5、10及15万U元显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但0、5、1、2万U和5、10、15万u间均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论本研究提示尿激酶溶凝最佳作用时间为4h,尿激酶首次最佳用量为1万U／10ml。     

微创大剂量尿激酶治疗脑室出血90例临床分析

目的分析微创大剂量尿激酶对脑室出血的临床治疗作用。方法 90例脑室出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组:脑室外引流术后侧脑室注入尿激酶+腰大池引流术;治疗组:脑室外引流术后侧脑室注入尿激酶+腰大池引流术后经引流管注入尿激酶。结果治疗组腰大池置管持续引流平均时间为6 d,脑室内血肿消失时间平均为(5±1.47)d。对照组腰大池置管持续引流平均时间为12 d,脑室内血肿消失时间平均为(11±3.76)d。结论较单纯腰大池置管引流,微创超大剂量尿激酶双向治疗重度脑室出血,能显著加快脑室血肿溶解,提高生存率。     

钻孔引流颅内血肿清除术189例临床分析

目的总结钻孔引流颅内血肿清除术的适应证与方法,以期望达到较好效果。方法选择CT提示混杂密度、高密度占位效应明显或部位较深的颅内血肿进行钻孔引流术,部分患者术后用尿激酶溶解冲洗,亚急性和慢性血肿不用尿激酶,生理盐水冲洗后直接做持续引流。恢复期辅以中医药治疗,加强疗效。结果189例患者无1例死亡,术后症状立即缓解156例,缓慢恢复33例．术后3d复查颅脑CT（除5例有不同程度的再出血外）,占位效应解除,血肿基本引流干净。结论钻孔引流颅内血肿清除术,能够使因血肿引起的颅内高压迅速得到缓解,对及时挽救患者生命及最大限度的保护其功能意义重大,起到了快速抢救和清除颅内血肿、挽救患者生命及功能的目的。     

微创手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的临床分析

目的 总结分析微创引流手术(使用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针)联合尿激酶技术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的效果.方法 对48例慢性硬脑膜下血肿患者根据头颅CT扫描结果,采用局部麻醉下微创血肿腔置入YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针引流,若血肿中有血凝块,则分次血肿腔注入尿激酶溶解血肿液引流的方法治疗.并对治愈出院患者进行随访,总结治疗效果.结果 48例患者均获得随访,平均随访3个月,全组患者均取得较满意治疗效果,与手术相关并发症发生率为 2.08％(1/48),为非张力性气颅1例.结论 采用微创引流手术(使用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针)联合尿激酶技术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿,能取得较钻孔引流术单纯微创冲洗引流更好的治疗效果.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.