通乳一号方颗粒对产后泌乳的疗效观察

目的观察通乳一号方颗粒对促进产后泌乳的疗效,并探讨其临床价值。方法随机选择在我院产后的产妇分成实验组和对照组各80例,检测实验组与对照组泌乳始动时间和泌乳量的情况。结果实验组泌乳始动时间和泌乳量明显高于对照组。结论通乳一号方颗粒能促进早泌乳多泌乳的作用。     

剖宫产术后产妇早进食与泌乳量关系的临床观察

目的观察剖宫产术后产妇早进食对泌乳量的影响。方法对120例剖宫产术后产妇采取随机分组法,设观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组术后6h给产妇半流饮食,肛门排气后恢复正常饮食,对照组产妇肛门排气后半流饮食。结果观察组产妇在产后24h内泌乳量增加,纯母乳喂养率达98%,对照组仅为6%,经统计学2检验,两组效果有显著性差异(p<0.01)。结论剖宫产术后产妇早进食能使泌乳时间提早,泌乳量增加,满足了产后24h新生儿需要量,提高了母乳喂养率。     

超早期泌乳干预方案对促进母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的效果研究

目的探讨超早期泌乳干预方案对促进母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的效果。方法选择剖宫产分娩的260例母婴分离产妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为干预组和对照组各130例。收集基线资料以后,对照组由产科护理人员进行常规健康教育,干预组由研究者进行超早期泌乳方案干预。结果干预组产妇泌乳始动时间较对照组提前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);产后24 h、24~48 h、48~72 h 3个时段内干预组产妇泌乳量均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在干预组中,产后1 h以内开奶的产妇泌乳始动时间早于1~6 h内开奶的产妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);产后24~48 h和48~72 h两个时间段内早开奶组(<1 h)产妇的泌乳量均高于1~6 h内开奶的产妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超早期泌乳干预方案可增加母婴分离产妇的泌乳量,促进母乳喂养。     

产后综合康复理疗对产妇产后泌乳的促进作用

目的研究产后综合康复理疗对产妇产后泌乳的促进作用,分析应用效果。方法选取2015年1月-2016年12月在海南省妇幼保健院接受自然分娩的3 000例产妇作为研究对象,将产后接受常规干预的1 500例产妇纳入对照组,将产后接受乳房按摩的1 500例产妇纳入研究组。观察并比较两组产妇的产后泌乳量、首次泌乳时间、母乳喂养情况及并发症发生率。结果研究组产妇产后泌乳充足率高于对照组,泌乳不足率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。对照组产妇产后首次泌乳时间为(26.45±5.92)h,研究组产妇产后首次泌乳时间为(16.68±2.44)h。研究组产妇产后首次泌乳时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组产妇产后纯母乳喂养率高于对照组,象征性母乳喂养率、混合母乳喂养率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究组产妇产后并发症发生率为6.33%,低于对照组产妇(14.73%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论产后综合康复理疗能促进产妇产后泌乳,增加产妇产后泌乳量,提高产妇纯母乳喂养率,减少并发症发生率。     

耳针对于乳母泌乳量和血清基础泌乳素水平的影响

30例产后即刻行耳针封闭,24小时再行耳穴贴压疗法的产妇,与30例正常分娩产妇比较观察耳针对泌乳量和血清基础泌乳素水平的影响。发现正常产妇产后第2天泌乳素水平高于第1天,第5天已显著下降。耳针治疗组产后1～7天泌乳量与对照组比较差异有非常显著意义。第1和5天相应基础泌乳素值差异亦有显著性。结论是:耳针有升高基础泌乳素水平的作用,从而增加了乳汁分泌量,促进了初乳的形成。     

脉冲磁感应器对产妇早期泌乳影响的探讨

目的　探讨脉冲磁感应器对促进产妇早期泌乳的优点。方法　对 6 6 9例产妇进行脉冲磁疗 ,并与 4 78例非磁疗产妇的产后乳量、泌乳时间及产后出血情况等方面进行比较。结果　行脉冲磁疗与非磁疗组在产次、年龄等方面均无显著性差别 ,磁疗组产后泌乳时间早于非磁疗组 ,产后 2 4小时后阴道流血量也少于非磁疗组。结论　脉冲磁感应器能促使产妇早期泌乳 ,增加乳量 ,加快子宫复旧 ,减少血性恶露 ,预防产褥期感染。     

普林格尔治疗仪结合手法按摩促进下垂乳房泌乳的临床研究

目的观察普林格尔治疗仪结合手法按摩促进下垂乳房泌乳的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法，根据产妇的知情同意将81例乳房下垂产妇随机分为3组，产后72h内研究组采用普林格尔治疗仪结合手法按摩刺激乳汁分泌，对照组分别采用单纯手法按摩和仅依靠新生儿吸吮刺激乳汁分泌。观察3组泌乳情况。结果研究组泌乳开始时间明显提前，泌乳量明显增加，差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论普林格尔治疗仪结合手法按摩促进下垂乳房泌乳效果良好，值得推广。     

口服通草猪蹄汤预防产后缺乳的疗效观察

目的：评价以产后早期口服通草猪蹄汤,促进乳汁分泌,预防产后缺乳,提高产后纯母乳喂养率的效果。方法将100例初产妇随机分成实验组50例和对照组50例,所有母婴实行母婴同室,进行早接触、早吸吮、勤吸吮,实验组口服通草猪蹄汤,对照组不用任何催乳方法,观察两组产妇泌乳始动时间、纯母乳喂养情况,并进行比较。分别于产后24、48、72h记录泌乳量,并随访42d记录产后纯母乳喂养率。结果两组在产后72h内泌乳始动时间比较差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）;两组纯母乳喂养比较差异有统计学意义（p<0.01）。结论口服通草猪蹄汤可以预防产后缺乳,促进泌乳,增加乳汁量,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

产后康复治疗对剖腹产后乳汁分泌、子宫复旧的效果分析

目的:分析产后康复治疗对剖腹产产后乳汁分泌以及子宫复旧的临床效果。方法:选取我院收治的98例足月进行剖腹产分娩的产妇患者,将其按照入院先后顺序分为两组(对照组与观察组),每组49例。对照组给予常规的产后护理,观察组在常规产后护理的基础上,给予中频仪康复治疗,记录并对比两组产妇乳汁分泌以及子宫复旧情况。结果:观察组产妇产后初泌乳时间早于对照组(P<0.05),产后四天泌乳量以及产后一周内母乳喂养率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组产妇子宫复旧效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:产后康复治疗能够缩短剖腹产产妇产后初始泌乳时间,增加产妇产后泌乳量,对产妇子宫复旧具有显著的效果,值得临床推广。     

产后康复综合治疗仪联合康复护理促进产妇产后泌乳的效果

目的探讨产后康复综合治疗仪联合康复护理促进产妇产后泌乳的效果。方法选取2018年9月至2020年7月于宜春市中医院分娩的86名产妇,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各43名。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用产后综合康复治疗仪联合康复护理,比较两组泌乳情况、乳房肿胀程度及纯母乳喂养率。结果观察组泌乳始动时间短于对照组,产后48、72 h泌乳量均多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组乳房肿胀程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组纯母乳喂养率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产后康复综合治疗仪联合康复护理能够缩短产妇泌乳始动时间,增加产后泌乳量,减轻乳房肿胀程度,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

妇产科产后个体化护理分析

目的：探讨妇产科产妇分娩后的临床护理措施。方法：选取2012年9-12月在本本院产科分娩的60例产妇,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予产后个体化护理,对照组给予产后常规护理,分析比较两组患者产后心理状况、肛门排气时间和泌乳时间。结果：观察组的抑郁率明显小于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组产后肛门排气时间〈24 h的例数明显多于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组产妇泌乳时间〈24 h的例数明显多于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：妇产科产妇在产后如采取心理指导、饮食指导、泌乳和母乳喂养方式宣教以及并发症防治等一系列产后个体化护理,可促使产妇身体机能和器官功能早日恢复,能以积极心态投入母亲角色照顾婴儿。     

健康教育路径对术后母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的影响

目的:研究健康教育路径对术后母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的影响。方法:将160例剖宫产母婴分离产妇随机分为实验组和对照组各80例,对照组采用传统健康教育方式,实验组按照健康教育路径进行健康教育。观察两组产妇母乳喂养知识与技能掌握优秀率、泌乳始动率、泌乳量以及产后4个月纯母乳喂养率。结果:实验组产妇出院时母乳喂养知识与技能掌握优秀率增高、泌乳始动时间提前,泌乳量增多以及产后4个月纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:健康教育路径可以提高术后母婴分离产妇掌握母乳喂养知识与技能,促进母乳喂养成功。     

剖宫产术后应用妇产康复仪催乳的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后采用妇产康复仪催乳的临床效果。方法:将80例足月剖宫产产妇随机分为对照组和实验组各40例,对照组给予常规母乳喂养指导,实验组则另加妇产康复仪进行催乳治疗。观察比较两组的初始泌乳时间、泌乳量、新生儿哺乳5天后的体重。结果:实验组的初始泌乳时间多在术后24～48 h,明显早于对照组的72 h(P<0.05);术后24h、48 h、72 h实验组的泌乳量均明显多于对照组(P<0.05);术后5天实验组新生儿的平均体重明显重于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:妇产康复仪用于剖宫产后产妇催乳的效果显著,值得推广。     

Maternal copper supplementation protects the neonatal rat lung against the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure

Maternal nicotine exposure interferes with the extracellular formation of the connective tissue framework of the neonatal lung, a process that is dependent on copper-dependent lysyl oxidase. It has been shown that, during the phase of lung development associated with alveolarization, maternal nicotine exposure resulted in a reduction in the copper content and thus conceivably in the activity of lysyl oxidase of the neonatal lung. Therefore the aims of this study were (a) to determine the effects of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on neonatal lung development, and (b) to establish whether maternal copper supplementation during gestation and lactation prevented the effect of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal lung development. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group received saline; the second group received 1 mg nicotine (kg bodyweight)(-1) day(-1) subcutaneously; the third group received 1 mg copper (kg bodyweight)(-1) day(-1); and the fourth group received both nicotine and copper in the same quantities as the previous two groups. Lung tissue of 14- and 42-day-old rat pups were processed for light microscopy. Maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation resulted in (a) decreased alveolar number, (b) reduced internal surface area and (c) increased alveolar volume. Copper supplementation during gestation and lactation prevented the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on the development of the alveolar region of the rat lung.     

Prolonged lactation contributes to depletion of maternal energy reserves in Filipino women.

This paper identifies determinants of women's postpartum weight and weight change in a large group of Filipino women followed for 24 mo. Longitudinal, multivariate models focused on the effects of lactation, while controlling for energy intake, energy expenditure, reproductive history and seasonality. Lactation was found to have a significant negative effect on weight of urban women. The negative effects of lactation increased with the intensity and duration of breast-feeding. Among rural women negative effects of lactation on weight were observed only after 10-14 mo. Models of net postpartum weight change (from 2 to 24 mo) among nonpregnant women confirmed an important role for lactation. The likelihood of weight loss was significantly increased by lactation of more than 12-mo duration, by greater maternal age and by low dietary energy intake. The effects of lactation on maternal energy reserves can be mitigated substantially be increasing maternal dietary energy intakes.     

Pregnancy and lactation modulate maternal splenic growth and development of the erythroid lineage in the rat and mouse

Maternal physiology changes dramatically during the course of gestation and lactation to meet the needs of the developing fetus and newborn. In the present study, we examined the influence of pregnancy and lactation on growth and erythroid gene expression patterns of the maternal spleen. Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice were killed at various stages of gestation and post partum. We observed pregnancy dependent increases in spleen weight and spleen DNA content in both the rat and mouse. In the rat, spleen size was greatest at the end of pregnancy and regressed post partum. In contrast, mouse spleen size peaked by gestational Day 13 and regressed to its non-pregnant weight before parturition. Pregnancy dependent changes in the size of the spleen were primarily due to an increase in red pulp. Maternal spleen expression of erythroid-associated genes (erythroid Krüppel-like factor, erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase-2, beta-major globin) was influenced by pregnancy and lactation. A pregnancy dependent increase in erythroid progenitors was also observed. In summary, the demands of pregnancy and lactation cause marked adaptations in the maternal spleen. The maternal spleen increases in size and exhibits an expansion of the erythroid lineage.     

Maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation interferes with alveolar development in the neonatal lung

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of the lungs of the offspring as a gas-exchanger. Pregnant rats received nicotine (1 mg/kg body mass day(-1)) subcutaneously during gestation and lactation. Nicotine administration started one day after mating and lasted until weaning on post natal Day 21. The offspring were exposed to nicotine only via the placenta and the milk of the mother. The lung tissue of the neonates was collected on post natal Days 14, 21, 35 and 42 and prepared for morphometry. The results obtained show that maternal nicotine exposure suppressed alveolarisation in the lungs of the offspring, which resulted in a reduced internal surface area available for gas exchange. The radial alveolar count as well as the number of capillaries in the septa were also significantly lower than in the control animals. It is concluded that maternal nicotine exposure had an adverse effect on the development of the gas exchange region of the lungs of the offspring that persisted at least up to Day 42 after birth.     

妊娠期间增重及妊娠晚期体质量指数对产后泌乳的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期间增重状况及妊娠晚期体质量指数对产后泌乳的影响.方法 选取2012年7月至2015年9月在温州市中心医院妇产科分娩的产妇623例,依据泌乳水平分为A组(泌乳量>45mL,泌乳始动时间≤48h)和B组(泌乳量≤45mL,泌乳始动时间>48h),比较两组产妇分娩后24h泌乳素、泌乳量及泌乳始动率,对两组产妇的临床资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 A组产妇的泌乳素、泌乳量均显著高于B组(t值分别为2.357、2.093,均P<0.05),且泌乳始动率显著高于B组(χ2=6.108,P<0.05).两组产妇的年龄、分娩孕周、分娩方式、妊娠晚期体质量指数、妊娠期增重、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病比较均有显著性差异(χ2=3.893~8.324,均P<0.05),而产次、新生儿体重比较无显著性差异(χ2值分别为0.687、2.451,均P>0.05).对单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示产妇年龄大、妊娠晚期体质量指数高、妊娠期增重过多是影响产妇泌乳水平的独立危险因素(OR值分别为2.942、2.012、3.522,均P<0.05).结论 妊娠晚期体质量指数过高、增重过多是影响产妇泌乳水平的独立危险因素,产妇应在妊娠期加强锻炼,避免肥胖.     

催乳机和吸乳机对剖宫产术后产妇泌乳影响的效果评价

目的：探讨催乳机和吸乳机对剖宫产术后产妇泌乳的影响。方法：选取2012年1月-2013年10月收治的剖宫产术后产妇120例,按照入院时间分为对照组60例和观察组60例,对照组接受常规治疗,观察组接受催乳和吸乳治疗。对两组产妇的泌乳总有效率、并发乳腺炎的情况和纯母乳喂养情况进行比较。结果：观察组使用催乳机和吸乳机后,24 h泌乳总有效率为86.7%,48 h泌乳总有效率为95.0%,72 h泌乳总有效率为98.3%;对照组在上述3个时间点的总有效率分别为48.3%、70.0%、85.0%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组母乳喂养率98.3%,对照组母乳喂养率85.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组无乳腺炎发生,对照组乳腺炎发生率为6.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：剖宫产术后产妇同时给予催乳和吸乳治疗可使泌乳更有效,提高母乳喂养率,减少乳腺炎的发生,值得临床推广。     

剖宫产术后镇痛对乳汁分泌及新生儿的影响

目的:测定剖宫产术后镇痛产妇乳汁、血清、尿液及新生儿尿液中镇痛药物含量,观察术后镇痛对乳汁分泌和新生儿的行为的影响。方法:选择88例足月妊娠剖宫产产妇,随机分为3组,曲马多静脉镇痛组(A组,n=34),吗啡硬膜外镇痛组(B组,n=34),空白对照组(C组,n=20)。采用高效液相色谱仪和质谱仪测定剖宫产术后24 h产妇乳汁、血清和尿液中以及新生儿尿样中镇痛药物含量。观察产妇开始泌乳和新生儿开始睁眼时间,记录48 h新生儿哺乳次数、呼吸和心率。结果:A组术后乳汁中未能检测出曲马多含量,34例新生儿术后24 h尿样中有3例检测出曲马多,检出率仅为8.82%。B组34例产妇乳汁中有7例检测出吗啡,检出率仅为20.6%,34例新生儿尿样中有3例检测出吗啡,检出率仅为8.82%。与C组相比,A、B两组产后开奶时间、泌乳时间和哺乳次数均有显著性差异(P<0.05);A、B两组新生儿的呼吸、心率和睁眼时间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:剖宫产术后镇痛能促进乳汁分泌,镇痛药物吗啡和曲马多都能通过乳汁进入新生儿的体内,但进入新生儿体内的药量甚微,达不到有效血药浓度,故对新生儿无不良影响。