Perceptions of Segregation and Substance Use Behaviors in Adolescence

Purpose: Segregation is pervasive in Northern Ireland, and linked with health and health behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between adolescents' reports of religious residential segregation and substance use. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from 560 young people from the 2008 Northern Ireland Young Life and Times Survey. Results: Segregation was associated with solvent and illicit drug use, but not cigarette or alcohol use. Relationships differed by religious group membership, and by perceived majority status. Catholic adolescents who reported a Protestant majority were more likely to have used solvents. Protestant adolescents who reported a Protestant majority were more likely to have used illicit drugs. Conclusions: This analysis revealed associations between residential segregation and substance use that were sensitive to religious group membership, and perceived majority group status. This highlights a need for further work to understand the nature of segregation and influence on well-being in divided societies.     

Peer education for people who inject drugs in New South Wales: Advantages,unanticipated benefits and challenges

Aims: This article reports on an evaluation of a community-controlled peer education project led by a drug user organization (DUO) that aimed to contribute to hepatitis C prevention. This article also examines broader contextual issues, particularly the funding and governance arrangements affecting the conduct of peer education.

Method: This project was evaluated in three sites in New South Wales, Australia. Monthly activity reports were completed by peer educators. Interviews were conducted with five groups of stakeholders: peer educators, peers, staff of the DUO, staff of non-government and government organizations that were partners in this project.

Findings: Of the 3373 events categorized, 37% (n?=?1154) were categorized by peer educators as being about hepatitis C, 39% (n?=?1234) about safer injecting techniques and 24% (n?=?760) about other issues. Peer educators described strategies they used particularly when their peers did not want to discuss hepatitis C or had other priorities.

Conclusions: This project was successful in disseminating harm reduction information to the targeted community through the recruitment, training and support of peer educators. The results suggest the importance of broadening programme funding parameters to enable services to tailor their work to specific needs, while working towards the shared goal of hepatitis C prevention.     

Gene mutation of thiopurine<Emphasis Type="Italic"> S</Emphasis>-methyltransferase in Uygur Chinese

Objective This study was to investigate the gene mutation of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) in Uygur Chinese.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-based methods were used to analyze three commonly reported inactivating mutations—G238C, G460A and A719G.Results One TPMT*3A heterozygote and five TPMT*3C heterozygotes were found in 160 Uygur Chinese subjects, and allele frequencies of TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C were 0.3% and 1.6%, respectively.Conclusion TPMT*3C is a common mutant allele in Uygur Chinese, while TPMT*3A is a rare mutant allele in Uygur Chinese.     

The relationship between sight loss and substance use: Users’ perspectives

Background: This UK study emerged from the concerns of a sight loss charity which sought to meet the support needs of its service users with problematic alcohol use. This paper presents findings from one strand of the study focusing on service users’ perspectives. Aims: The aim was to explore the meaning and function of substance use in the lives of people with sight loss. Method: Through purposive and snowball sampling, 17 semi-structured interviews were held with people face-to-face or via telephone. Data were analysed thematically through coding, recoding and categorising data with double coding providing quality control. Results: People were at different stages in their use of substances and their experiences of sight loss. They reported a number of relationships between sight loss and substance use with three main relationships emerging; substance use as, (i) a cause of their sight loss,(ii) a contributor to their sight loss and (iii) a coping mechanism for sight loss. Conclusion: The diverse experiences of people with sight loss and substance problems require an individual and tailored response from substance use professionals. This needs to include routine questioning and accurate information about the medical relationship between sight loss and substance use.     

Renal transport kinetics of furosemide in the isolated perfused rat kidney

Direct quantitative data and corresponding theory are provided for the effect of protein binding on the renal transport of furosemide. Drug studies were performed with various combinations of bovine serum albumin and dextran. This resulted in a percent unbound (fu) of furosemide ranging from 0.785 to 85.8%. The corrected renal (CLr/GFR) and secretion (CLs/GFR) clearances of furosemide were observed to increase with percent free, but in a nonproportional manner. Plots ofCLr/GFR orCLs/GFR vs.fu appeared to have a prominenty intercept as well as a convex ascending curve. In addition, the excretion ratio [ER=CLr/ (fu · GFR)] was reduced from 60.8 to 8.72 asfu increased. Overall, the data were best fitted to a model in which two Michaelis-Menten terms wre used to describe renal tubular transport, and secretion was dependent upon free drug concentrations in the perfusate. The results demonstrate that the renal mechanisms of furosemide excretion are more complex than previously reported and that active secretion may involve two different transport systems over the concentration range studied.This work was supported in part by the Upjohn Research Fund, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan. During the course of this work, J.A.C. was supported by a Lilly Endowment Fellowship, grant 830192.     

Assessing the Impact of Vomiting Episodes on Outcome after Acetaminophen Poisoning

Abstract: Identifying indices of poor prognosis at first presentation after acetaminophen poisoning is the key to both improving clinical care and determining targets for intervention. This study intended to document the prevalence, clinical characteristics and predictors of vomiting and to investigate the relationship between episodes of vomiting at first hospital presentation and outcome in acetaminophen poisoning. This retrospective cohort study included patients who attended the emergency department and were admitted within 24 hr of acetaminophen ingestion. The study was conducted over a period of 5 years from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008. Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used to test differences between groups depending on the normality of the data. SPSS 15 was used for data analysis. Data from 291 patients were included. Vomiting was present in 65.3% of patients with acetaminophen poisoning at the time of first presentation. Multiple logistic regression showed that significant risk factors for vomiting were present among patients who reported an ingested dose of acetaminophen ≥10 g (p < 0.001) and a latency time of more than 8 hr (p = 0.030). Overall, an increasing trend in prothrombin time (p = 0.03), serum bilirubin (p < 0.001), serum creatinine (p = 0.005), serum potassium (p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and the prevalence of patients who had a serum acetaminophen level above a ‘possible toxicity’ treatment line (p = 0.001) were associated with an increased number of episodes of vomiting. In conclusion, vomiting was common among patients with acetaminophen poisoning. This study suggests that an increase in episodes of vomiting at first presentation appears to be an important risk marker of subsequent nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.     

Effectiveness of a Brief Home-Based Social Work Motivational Intervention for Male Methamphetamine Users in Tehran: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Methamphetamine, a highly addictive psychostimulant drug, is widely used by substance users who are not motivated to undergo treatment throughout the world, including Iran. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief home-based social work motivational intervention (HSWMI) to encourage male methamphetamine users to participate in a treatment program. Method: Fifty-six unmotivated male methamphetamine users participated in a randomized controlled trial. The case group received the HSWMI in addition to the usual consulting services in the clinic; the control group just received the usual consulting services. Data were collected 7 and 90 days after the intervention to evaluate participation and retention in a treatment program. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Drug users with a mean age of 32.55 years and mean duration of drug use of 7.73 years, participated in the case (n = 28) and control (n = 28) groups. The case group participated in treatment programs significantly more than the control group and the retention rate for the case group was significantly higher than for the control group. Conclusion: This brief HSWMI was effective to increase the motivation of methamphetamine users to participate and remain in treatment programs. This intervention can be implemented by social workers in substance use treatment centers.     

Depictions of alcohol use in a UK Government partnered online social marketing campaign: Hollyoaks ‘The Morning after the night before’

Aims: This study analysed the depiction of alcohol in an online government partnered social marketing campaign: Hollyoaks ‘The Morning After the Night Before’. This was a new initiative, providing Internet-delivered episodes of a popular terrestrial drama targeted at young people.

Methods: All the 12 episodes were coded for visual representations of alcohol, drinking acts and alcohol effect references. The drinking setting, point in time, type of alcoholic beverage consumed, drinker's demographics, effects/consequences of drinking, and official and unofficial responses to alcohol consumption and related harms were also coded. Audience comments were then categorized according to their content in order to gain an insight into viewers’ thoughts regarding the campaign.

Findings: A wide variety of data is reported. Most representations of alcohol were positively framed, and were depicted without immediate consequence. No explicit sensible drinking messages were included in the episodes. Analysis of viewer feedback indicated a lack of awareness of the intentions of the campaign and little discussion of alcohol-related issues was generated. In contrast, viewers seemed to reject the depictions of alcohol portrayed, and identified with, or admired, the central characters. Further analysis indicated little coherence between alcohol framing in the online campaign and representations in the terrestrial TV series.

Conclusions: This article uses the example of KYL/Hollyoaks to draw attention to the emergent use of the internet and other new media in health promotion. New media provides creative new opportunities to engage young people with health-promoting messages. However, although new ways of delivery are important they should be part of a co-ordinated and internally consistent campaign, present realistic depictions of alcohol use, and be based upon clear evidence-based principles.     

In vivo interaction of the enantiomers of disopyramide in human subjects

Disopyramide, an antiarrhythmic agent, is marketed as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. The racemic drug has unusual pharmacokinetic properties because of its concentration-dependent binding to plasma proteins in the therapeutic plasma concentration range. This study examined, in healthy subjects, the individual pharmacokinetic properties of both total and unbound d-and ldisopyramide in plasma after intravenous administration of each enantiomer separately (1.5mg/kg).Also investigated is the pharmacokinetics of total d-and l-disopyramide in plasma after intravenous administration of a pseudoracemate. Both d-and l-disopyramide are found to exhibit concentration-dependent binding to plasma proteins, with d-disopyramide being more avidly bound at lower concentrations. The stereoselective, concentration-dependent binding to plasma proteins resulted in distinct pharmacokinetic properties when the enantiomers were given together as the pseudoracemate. d-Disopyramide had a lower plasma clearance and renal clearance, a longer half-life, and a smaller apparent volume of distribution than l-disopyramide. However, when the enantiomers were administered separately, there were no differences in the clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution between enantiomers calculated from either total or unbound drug concentrations. The results reveal an important pharmacokinetic interaction between the enantiomers of disopyramide when given as a racemic mixture, which may be dose-dependent and is not apparent upon administration of the enantiomers separately.This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM22209, GM31254), a General Clinical Research Center Grant (RR70), and National Research Service Awards (GM07065, GM07344) to K. M. G.     

Alcohol-related affordances and group subjectivities: A Q-Methodology study

Aims: An Ecological approach to alcohol behaviour focuses on understanding individual–environment transactions, rather than on cognitive antecedents of behaviour. Meaning exists in the interdependence of individuals and their environments, in terms of affordances. Through subjective experience, this study focussed on group viewpoints related to alcohol-related affordances, or opportunities to consume alcohol in shared drinking environments. Methods: Forty students with a range of self-reported drinking behaviours participated in a Q-Methodology study, ranking 60 statements along a symmetrical grid. This varied concourse of alcohol-related affordances was obtained from a previous observation study within licenced premises and a photo-elicitation interview study with drinkers. Findings: Factor analysis and post-sort interviews revealed four subjective perspectives held by groups about their drinking behaviour: 13 participants were aware of contextual influences, but autonomous in their drinking choices; 12 participants were conscious of influences and compliant to their effects; six participants were unaware of influences, but unanimous with their peers; two participants were concerned about acting appropriately in a context by taking up canonical affordances. Conclusions: Grouping subjectivities from a varied concourse of affordances can reveal subjective experience in relation to drinking environments and alcohol behaviour. This conceptual approach for understanding drinking behaviour should be studied further.     

IN VIVO/IN VITRO CORRELATIONS FOR FOUR DIFFERENTLY DISSOLVING KETOROLAC TABLETS

This study assesses whether in vitro immediate release ketorolac tablet dissolution profiles (utilizing the recently proposed USP dissolution test for ketorolac tablets) can be correlated with in vivo plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Four batches of ketorolac tablets were utilized: a ketorolac tablet batch that demonstrated a rapid dissolution rate during USP in vitro dissolution testing, two tablet batches that were manufactured such that they dissolved at moderate rates, and a tablet batch that was manufactured such that it dissolved at a distinctly slow rate. The single-dose mean pharmacokinetic characteristics and relative bioavailability of the four different 10 mg ketorolac tromethamine tablets were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized study of Latin square design. The amount dissolved of the various tablets at 10, 20, and 30 min was in the order of fast-dissolving tablets > medium-1-dissolving tablets=medium-2-dissolving tablets > slow-dissolving tablets. In general, the profiles of the average plasma concentrations for ketorolac were similar for the fast- and the two medium-dissolving tablet batches (even though a statistically significant difference was found between the t_max of the fast-dissolving tablet and one of the medium-dissolving tablet batches). The mean plasma concentrations for the slow-dissolving tablet, however, reached peak levels much later, with the peak also being significantly smaller. There were no statistically significant differences in the total AUC or in the mean plasma half-lives among the four formulations. Good correlations were obtained for mean t_max versus the percentage dissolved at 20, 30, and 45 min. Correlations were generally weaker for percentage dissolved versus C_max or percentage bioavailability. This indicates that in vitro dissolution testing for immediate release ketorolac tablets can be a useful indicator of in vivo time to maximum plasma concentration when comparing similarly formulated tablets. Further, the proposed USP dissolution test and specification would have appropriately failed the slow-dissolving tablet batch, which demonstrated a significantly slower rate of absorption as per t_max and C_max.     

Prevalence of Substance Use among Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,and Transgender Youth in Military Families: Findings from the California Healthy Kids Survey

Background: In addition to the challenges associated with military life, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth in military families may face stressors associated with having a stigmatized sexual orientation and/or gender identity or expression, placing them at risk of substance use. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study exploring substance use outcomes among LGBT youth in military families. Objectives: This study assessed the role of military connection, LGB identity, and transgender identity on lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2013–2015 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS). The study's participants (n = 634,978) were students attending middle and high schools in nearly all school districts in California. The study outcomes were lifetime and past 30-day cigarette, alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Chi-square tests of associations (including cross-tabulations) and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to address the study aims. Results: Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that military connection, LGB identity, and transgender identity were significantly associated with an increased odd of lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Compared to military non-transgender youth, military transgender youth had an increased likelihood of past 30-day cigarette use and past 30-day alcohol use. In addition, military LGB youth were 3.62 times as likely as military non-LGB youth to report past 30-day cigarette use. Conclusions/Importance: This study provides researchers with knowledge about the behavioral health of LGBT youth in military families, a vulnerable subgroup within the military-connected youth population, thus informing substance use prevention programs.     

A double-blind study of pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis : a multicentre trial

Background: Pantoprazole is a new substituted benzimidazole which is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion by its action upon H⁺,K⁺-ATPase. Aim:To compare pantoprazole 40 mg with omeprazol 20 mg as once daily dosing in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis (grades II and III). Methods: This double-blind, randomized, multicentre study included 286 patients. Patients were reendoscoped after 4 weeks, and continued to receive a further 4 weeks of treatment if they were not healed a this time. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, complete healing occurred in 126/170 (74%) patients in the pantoprazole group and in 67/86 (78%) patients in the omeprazole group (per-protocol analysis). At 8 weeks, the corresponding healing rates were 153/170 (90%) and 81/86 (94%). The differences between the treatment groups were not significant (P= 0.57 and 0.34). Improvement in the principal symptoms of reflux oesophagitis was also very similar between the treatment groups, with 59% and 69% at 2 weeks, and 83% and 86% at 4 weeks, respectively, being free from any individual symptom. Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions: This study has shown pantoprazole and omeprazole to be similarly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate reflux oesophagitis.     

Compartmental Modeling of Transdermal Iontophoretic Transport II: <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vivo</Emphasis> Model Derivation and Application

No HeadingPurpose. This study was aimed to develop a family of compartmental models to describe in a strictly quantitative manner the transdermal iontophoretic transport of drugs in vivo. The new models are based on previously proposed compartmental models for the transport in vitro.Methods. The novel in vivo model considers two separate models to describe the input into the systemic circulation: a) constant input and b) time-variant input. Analogous to the in vitro models, the in vivo models contain four parameters: 1) kinetic lag time (t_L), 2) steady-state flux during iontophoresis (J_ss), 3) skin release rate constant (K_R), and 4) passive flux in the post-iontophoretic period (J_pas). The elimination from the systemic circulation is described by a) the one-compartment and b) the two-compartment pharmacokinetic models. The models were applied to characterize the observed plasma concentration vs. time data following single-dose iontophoretic delivery of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and R-apomorphine. Moreover, the models were also used to simulate the observed plasma concentration vs. time profiles following a two-dose transdermal iontophoretic administration of alniditan.Results. The time-variant input models were superior to the constant input models and appropriately converged to the observed data of GRF and R-apomorphine allowing the estimation of J_ss, K_R, and J_pas. In most cases, the values of t_L were negligible. The estimated J_ss and the in vivo flux profiles of GRF and R-apomorphine were similar to those obtained using the deconvolution method. The two-dose iontophoretic transport of alniditan was properly simulated using the proposed time-variant input model indicating the utility of the model to predict and to simulate the drug transport by a multiple-dose iontophoresis. Moreover, the use of the compartmental modeling approach to derive an in vitro-in vivo correlation for R-apomorphine was demonstrated. This approach was also used to identify the optimum in vitro model that closely mimics the in vivo iontophoretic transport of R-apomorphine.Conclusions. The developed in vivo models demonstrate their consistency and capability to describe the in vivo iontophoretic drug transport. This compartmental modeling approach provides a scientific basis to examine in vitro-in vivo correlations of drug transport by iontophoresis.     

Isoflurane preconditioning increases endothelial cell tolerance to in-vitro simulated ischaemia

Objectives Isoflurane preconditioning has been shown to protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide and cytokine induced injury. This study was designed to determine whether isoflurane preconditioning increased endothelial cell tolerance to ischaemia. Methods Bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were exposed or not exposed to various concentrations of isoflurane for 1 h. After a 30‐min isoflurane‐free period, cells were subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3 h and reoxygenation for 1 h. Lactate dehydrogenase release from cells was used to measure cell injury. In some experiments, various protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (K_ATP channel) inhibitors were present from 30 min before isoflurane treatment to the end of isoflurane treatment. Key findings Isoflurane preconditioning dose‐dependently decreased the OGD induced lactate dehydrogenase release. This protection was inhibited by 2 µM chelerythrine, a general PKC inhibitor, or 10 µM Gö6976, an inhibitor for the conventional PKCs. This protection was also inhibited by 0.3 µM glybenclamide, a general K_ATP channel inhibitor, and 500 µM 5‐hydroxydecanoate, a mitochondrial K_ATP channel blocker. In addition, pretreatment with 100 µM diazoxide, a K_ATP channel activator, for 1 h also reduced OGD induced endothelial cell injury. This diazoxide induced protection was inhibited by chelerythrine. Conclusions The results suggest that isoflurane preconditioning induces endothelial protection against in‐vitro simulated ischemia. This protection may be mediated at least in part by conventional PKCs and mitochondrial K_ATP channels. The results also indicate that PKCs may be downstream of K_ATP channels in causing endothelial protection.     

大鼠腔前卵泡体外培养方法的建立

目的 建立大鼠腔前卵泡的体外培养方法。方法 取性未成熟大鼠的卵巢,按照酶消化-机械结合法分离腔前卵泡,然后采用动态氧气法(初始孵育时氧气压力为4%,以后每隔24 h氧气压力增加1%,直至最后的氧气压力为11%)、向培养基中添加维生素C(VC)进行培养,观察获得的卵泡数量、形态,及对卵泡发育、激素生成、卵子发生的影响;并将体外卵母细胞的成熟情况与体内卵母细胞的生长情况进行比较,以判断体外培养方法是否成功。结果 酶消化-机械结合法及培养体系可获得大量基底膜完整的腔前卵泡;卵泡和卵母细胞直径显著增加,卵泡存活率91.14%、有腔卵泡形成率25.82%、卵丘细胞-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)排出率38.38%;体外培养卵泡分泌雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)与体内分泌特征一致。结论 本实验方法可以获得大量高质量的腔前卵泡,且对卵泡的长期培养发育无明显影响,与大鼠体内卵泡的发育一致。表明本实验成功建立大鼠腔前卵泡的体外培养方法。     

The Effects of Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate on Walking Distance in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. A Randomised,Doubled-blind,Placebo-controlled,Crossover Study

SUMMARY

Background: Intermittent claudication (IC) is a common problem in older age. New work shows that the administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) can reduce the fall in ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) after exercise and can increase maximum walking distance by 19% on treadmill exercise. The aim of this study was to further define the clinical benefits of GTN in patients with PVD.

Methods: The study is of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design. We studied 29 patients with intermittent claudication where the median age was 67.5 years (45-84). This included 20 males and nine females, and six of these patients were diabetics. To be selected, the patients had to have a history of IC with a resting ABPI of 1.0 or less, that fell by more than 0.1 on exercise. Patients were walked for 15?min on flat ground following GTN spray or placebo and total distances walked were measured. This was then followed by the crossover component of the trial.

Results: Median walking distance with placebo was 825?m (100-1300?m) and with GTN was 900?m (240-1400?m). This is an increase of 9% (p?=?0.02, using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test).

Conclusion: This study shows a statistically significant improvement in walking distance with GTN in patients with IC.     

Anticoccidial effects of Morinda lucida acetone extracts on broiler chickens naturally infected with Eimeria species

Context: The development of drug resistance to Eimeria species in poultry is a reality on farms. This necessitates chemotherapeutic control alternatives, and plant secondary metabolities with activity is one of those potential solutions.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of acetone leaf extract of Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae) against coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Materials and methods: Acute toxicity of the plant was investigated using 30 one-day-old broiler chicks. Anticoccidial activity investigations were carried out in birds drenched with 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0?g/kg body weight (BW) of acetone extract of M. lucida leaves once a day for five days, with toltrazuril® and untreated controls. The activity was evaluated by means of oocyst inhibition in feces, fecal score, weight gain, mortality and hematological parameters.

Results: No sign of toxicity was observed during the acute toxicity test. Fecal oocyst counts decreased steadily in all the treatment groups with time. The anticoocidial efficacy of birds treated with 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0?g/kg BW of the extract was 91.2, 95.2, 98.7, 99 and 99.5%, respectively. The packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts and white blood cell of the treated birds were not significantly different (p?>?0.05) from the untreated control. However, haemoglobin concentration and weight gain of the treated birds were significantly different (p?Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the anticoccidial effect of M. lucida on Eimeria parasites. Morinda lucida leaves could therefore find application in anticoccidial therapy.     

枳实及其有效成分N-甲基酪胺对心血管受体作用的研究

用恒速灌流泵灌流狗肾、脑及下肢血管,记录血管阻力。动脉或静脉注射枳实或其有效成分N-甲基酪胺,均明显增加肾、脑的血管阻力,此作用可被酚妥拉明所阻滞,提示系通过兴奋血管α受体产生的。N-甲基酪胺对股动脉血管阻力呈先降低后增高的双相反应,其升高阻力的作用是兴奋α受体所致,而其降低下肢血管阻力的作用可能是兴奋骨骼肌血管β₂受体的表现。在恒速灌流使肾血流量已固定的条件下,枳实和N-甲基酪胺在升高血压与肾血管阻力时,仍有短时间的利尿作用,说明此作用与肾血流量的变化无关。N-甲基酪胺能加强离体和在体心脏收缩力,β-受体阻滞剂心得舒能拮抗此作用。利血平化动物实验结果及升压快速耐受性形成,以及减少心肌去甲肾上腺素含量而不影响多巴胺含量等事实表明:N-甲基酪胺与酪胺相似,通过释放去甲肾上腺素兴奋心血管的α和β受体产生效应。