中小学教师SCL-90测查结果分析

运用症状自评量表 SCL- 90对柳州地区 40所中小学 477名教师进行测评 ,结果表明 ,SCL- 90各因子得分显著高于全国成人常模 ;男女教师之间除敌对、偏执、恐怖因子得分存在显著差异外 ,其它各因子得分无显著性差异 ;在不同组之间 ,除大于 40岁的教师在躯体化因子得分显著高于 40岁以下的得分外 ,其它因子得分在各年龄组间无显著性差异 ;小学与中学教师在各因子得分上无显著性差异 ;在各因子得分≥ 3的检出比例中 ,排在前 4位的因子是强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和偏执 (男教师是人际敏感、强迫、抑郁和偏执 ,女教师是强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和恐惧 )     

378名五年制师范专科学生心理健康状况调查报告

目的探析五年制专科师范学校学生心理健康状况。方法抽取某师范院校381名五年制师范专业学生,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定其心理健康水平,并与全国常模及全国大学生常模进行了比较。结果①五年制专科师范生与全国常模比较,在强迫(t=5.14,P<0.01),人际敏感(t=3.95,P<0.05),焦虑(t=5.21,P<0.01),敌对(t=4.61,P<0.01),恐怖(t=7.56,P<0.01),偏执(t=3.86,P<0.05),精神病性(t=4.44,P<0.01)等7项因子上差异显著;②五年制专科师范生与全国大学生常模比较,在躯体化(t=-3.75,P<0.01),强迫(t=-3.57,P<0.01),人际敏感(t=-4.67,P<0.01),焦虑(t=-2.34,P<0.05),敌对(t=-3.12,P<0.01),恐怖(t=2.98,P<0.01),偏执(t=-6.14,P<0.01),精神病性(t=-5.53,P<0.01)等8项因子上的差异有显著性,而在抑郁因子上的差异不显著。结论五年制专科师范学校学生心理健康水平低于同年龄组的全国普通人群,高于全国大学生人群。     

中小学教师心理健康状况调查研究

目的分析中小学教师心理健康现状,为教师心理保健工作提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对362名中小学教师进行随机抽样调查。结果 1中小学教师SCL-90总均分与全国常模存在显著差异(t=5.15,P0.001),各因子中人际敏感和偏执与全国常模差异不显著,其余各因子均高于全国常模且差异显著;2总均分阳性检出率为:18%的教师有轻度症状,2.2%有中度、重度症状,因子阳性检出率由高到低依次为强迫症状、躯体化、抑郁、敌对、人际关系敏感、焦虑、偏执、精神病性、恐怖;3小学、中学以及高中教师SCL-90总均分及因子分之间不存在显著差异;4中小学教师SCL-90总均分性别差异不显著,因子中躯体化性别差异显著(t=-2.93,P0.01)。结论中小学教师心理健康问题突出,引人深思,教育部门应予以高度重视。     

黎苗族山区教师心理健康状况调查

目的:了解黎苗聚集山区教师的心理健康状况,并探讨影响黎苗聚集山区教师心理健康的相关因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对五指山市区4所中学的在职任课教师,采取自愿入组的方式进行问卷调查。结果:1SCL-90总分、因子分(躯体化、强迫症状、精神病性)与正常成人常模之间均存在差异(t=1.93,3.94,2.15,2.42;P0.05或0.01);2不同教龄的教师在总分、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子上存在显著差异,(F=3.41,4.70,3.33,4.79,3.11,4.28;P0.05或0.01);3事后检验表明,教龄≤10年的教师在人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑等因子上显著高于教龄在10~20年的教师(P0.01);4SCL-90总分、各因子分在性别、民族、文化程度上的差异性不显著(P0.05)结论:黎苗族聚集地山区教师心理健康状况低于常模水平,教龄对心理健康有影响,对不同阶段教龄的教师应给予针对性的心理辅导与干预。     

肠易激综合症的人格特征及心理健康影响因素

目的从心理学的角度出发,探讨肠易激综合症(IBS)患者心理健康的程度及其独特的人格特点。方法选取64例IBS患者和64例正常人作为研究对象,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷,研究IBS患者心理健康的影响因素,及其与正常人人格之间的差异。结果 IBS患者的躯体化、敌对、精神病性、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分显著高于正常人(t=2.76～7.26,P<0.05)。除恐怖因子外(F=3.18,P<0.05),不同年龄的IBS的SCL-90得分无明显差异。而女性的躯体化因子分明显高于男性(F=3.04,P<0.05)。而人格测验结果显示IBS患者精神质P、神经质N和掩饰性L得分均明显高于正常人(t=4.45～7.12,P<0.01),内外向E得分显著低于正常人(t=3.51,P<0.01)。结论 IBS患者的人格出现明显的异常,其精神质、神经质和掩饰性得分显著比正常人高,而且其心理健康水平总体偏低。     

经济欠发达地区不同职业人群心理健康状况研究

目的掌握经济欠发达地区不同职业人群的心理健康状况及特点,为构建科学合理的具有针对性的心理健康教育模式提供依据。方法运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对533名来自3种职业的被试进行心理健康测查。结果医护人员、个体商户及部队官兵的心理健康各因子得分显著高于全国成人常模(t=3.87,P<0.000);不同人群在心理健康的各因子存在显著差异(躯体化F=2.97,P<0.05,强迫F=11.63,P<0.000,抑郁F=3.08,P<0.05,敌意F=4.56,P<0.05)。结论不同职业人群心理健康状况不容乐观,需要采取有针对性的心理健康教育措施,提升职业人群的心理健康水平。     

海南省高校贫困生心理现状分析

目的了解海南省高校贫困生的心理现状。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,对海南省的3所高校1200名学生进行调查,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查。结果海南省高校贫困生SCL-90总均分显著高于国内常模(t=7.295,P<0.01)。除强迫和其它两个因子外,贫困生各因子得分显著高于非贫困生(t=3.986,6.595,6.698,2.987,5.124,5.826,10.556,2.641;P<0.05)。男贫困生的强迫症状、人际关系敏感和恐怖症状得分均小于女贫困生(t=2.032,1.979,2.006;P<0.05)。结论海南省高校贫困生的心理健康水平不高,其中女贫困生的心理健康水平相对偏低。     

医学院校D型人格毕业生心理健康现状

目的:医学院校D型人格毕业生心理健康现状,为开展有针对性的心理健康教育提供相关依据。方法:采用14条目D型人格量表(Type D Personality Scale-14,DS14)对某医学院校毕业生的人格类型进行检测,进一步结合90项症状清单(Symptom Check List 90,SCL-90)开展不同人格类型毕业生心理健康的对比研究。结果:853名毕业生中检出155名毕业生具有D型人格,占毕业生总数的18.17%。D型人格毕业生在DS14的NA及SI得分均高于非D型人格毕业生,且差异均有统计学意义(t=6.9458,6.1017;P0.05)。在性别方面,D型人格男毕业生在DS14的NA及SI得分均高于D型人格女毕业生,但差异均无统计学意义。非D型人格男毕业生在DS14的NA得分高于非D型人格女医学生,在DS14的SI得分低于非D型人格女毕业生,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。医学院校毕业生在SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖及精神病性7个因子平均得分高于全国青年常模,且在强迫、焦虑、敌对性及精神病性4个因子得分差异有统计学意义(t=3.7740,3.8852,3.2471,2.7535;P0.05)。医学院校毕业生在SCL-90的人际关系及偏执两个因子平均得分低于全国青年常模,且在人际关系1个因子得分差异有统计学意义(t=-2.7123;P0.05)。D型人格毕业生在SCL-90的9个因子平均得分均高于非D型人格毕业生,且差异均有统计学意义(t=6.2776,8.2454,8.5409,8.5283,8.0853,7.5688,7.2223,8.0377,4.9038;P0.05)。另外,D型人格毕业生在SCL-90的强迫及人际关系两个因子平均得分超过2分,达到了存在心理健康问题的诊断标准。在性别方面,D型人格男毕业生在SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、偏执及精神病性8个因子平均得分均高于D型人格女毕业生,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),D型人格男毕业生在SCL-90的恐怖因子平均得分低于D型人格女毕业生,且差异有统计学意义(t=-2.2532;P0.05)。另外,D型人格男毕业生在SCL-90的强迫、人际关系及抑郁3个因子平均得分超过2分,D型人格女毕业生在SCL-90的强迫及人际关系两个因子平均得分超过2分,达到了存在心理健康问题的诊断标准。非D型人格男毕业生在SCL-90的9个因子平均得分均低于非D型人格女毕业生,且在人际关系及抑郁两个因子差异有统计学意义(t=-3.0047,-2.7368;P0.05)。结论:医学院校毕业生的心理健康水平总体较低,与全国青年常模差异有显著性。D型人格毕业生的心理健康状况较D型人格毕业生的心理健康总体较低,且差异均具有显著性。     

压力源与压力强度对医学硕士研究生心理健康的影响

目的探讨压力源、压力强度对医学硕士研究生心理健康的影响。方法采用Beck-Srivastava压力量表(BSSI)对420名医学硕士研究生的压力源、压力强度进行检测,同时结合症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其心理健康情况进行相关评定。结果①医学硕士研究生中男生BSSI的平均得分,明显高于女生,二者均高于临界值,差异有统计学意义(t=3.2058,P<0.05);②医学硕士研究生SCL-90各因子得分均高于青年常模,且在躯体化(t=4.2707,P=0.0000))、强迫(t=2.4771,P=0.0134)、人际关系(t=2.9378,P=0.0034)和焦虑(t=6.2794,P=0.0000)恐怖(t=10.9409,P=0.00001)5个因子得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③在性别方面,女生仅在躯体化因子得分高于男生,但差异无统计学意义;男生在强迫、人际关系、抑郁等8个因子得分均高于女生,但仅在人际关系、焦虑和恐怖3个因子得分差异有统计学意义(t=3.6344,3.7948,3.0961;P<0.01)。结论医学硕士研究生的由于压力造成的心理健康问题十分严重,应引起学校重视并及早进行相关辅导。     

菏泽学院本科生心理健康状况调查研究

目的了解大学生心理健康状况,以便有针对性地进行健康教育。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对菏泽学院本科生821人进行心理测查。结果通过t检验和方差分析发现,以轻度心理问题标准进行筛选,心理问题的检出率为29.1%,以中度心理问题标准,心理问题检出率12.8%;困扰大学生心理健康状况的主要问题为强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑;在强迫因子(F=27.34,P<0.05)上,大一女生得分显著高于大一男生,大二男生显著高于大一男生,大二女生显著高于大四女生。在人际关系敏感因子(F=8.876,<0.01)上,农村大学生得分显著高于城市大学生,在躯体化因子(F=4.427<0.05)上,男生得分显著高于女生;大二学生相比于大一和大四学生心理健康状况较差。结论菏泽学院本科生心理健康状况虽好于全国大学生但差于全国正常人常模。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.