负压吸宫术前口服和阴道放置米索前列醇对宫颈扩张作用的随机比较研究

目的:比较在终止早期妊娠负压吸宫手术前口服和阴道放置米索前列醇对宫颈的扩张作用以及副反应。方法:将停经6～10周要求手术终止妊娠的100名妇女随机分为两组,分别口服或阴道放置400μg米索前列醇,用药后3～3.5小时行负压吸宫术。记录观察对象的宫颈扩张程度和用药后副反应以及术中出血量、手术所用时间。结果:两组对象宫颈扩张程度无明显差异(平均直径分别为6.96mm和7.02mm,P>0.05),口眼用药组恶心、呕吐发生率明显高于阴道用药组(P<0.05),阴道用药组腹痛的发生率大于口服用药组(分别为56％和44％),但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。其他副作用及术中出血量、手术所用时间等均无显著差异。结论:在终止早期妊娠的负压吸引术前口服或阴道放置米索前列醇400μg,均能有效扩张宫颈。口服用药方法简单、方便,可接受性好,但对于妊娠反应较明显的妇女,阴道用药更为可取。     

A randomized comparison of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before suction termination of first-trimester pregnancy

This randomized trial compares the efficacy and side effects of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester pregnancy termination. One-hundred pregnant women between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation opting for termination of pregnancy by suction evacuation were included in this study. The women were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 received 400 microg of sublingual misoprostol and group 2 received 400 microg of vaginal misoprostol 2 h prior to suction evacuation. The abortion was carried out by suction evacuation using a Karman's cannula attached to an electrically operated suction machine under intravenous analgesia. Baseline cervical dilatation, duration of the procedure, operative blood loss, side effects and complications were noted in both groups. There was a significant difference between the sublingual and vaginal misoprostol groups with respect to mean cervical dilatation (8.6 mm vs. 6.8 mm, p < 0.05). However, the duration of the procedure (3.03 min vs. 3.16 min) and the amount of blood loss (29 mL vs. 31.2 mL) were not significantly different between the two groups. The women in the sublingual group experienced significantly more shivering and preoperative vaginal bleeding (68% vs. 56%, p < 0.05). None of the women in the two groups had either uterine perforation or excessive hemorrhage. In our study, sublingual misoprostol (400 microg) was significantly more effective in facilitating cervical dilation prior to surgical abortion than vaginal misoprostol.     

Sublingual misoprostol for preabortion cervical ripening in first-trimester pregnancy termination

The objective of this prospective randomized placebo-controlled study was to determine the efficacy of sublingual misoprostol in facilitating cervical dilatation before surgical abortion in first trimester pregnancy. Sixty healthy pregnant women between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation opting for voluntary medical termination of pregnancy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital were included in this study. Women were randomized to two groups, the study group (n = 30) received 400 micro g of sublingual misoprostol and the control group (n = 30) received placebo, 2 h prior to surgical abortion. Using Hegar's dilators, cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration was measured. Other parameters assessed included the total time required for the procedure, intraoperative blood loss and associated side effects. The mean cervical dilatation in the misoprostol group was 7.7 mm as compared to 3.4 mm for placebo group. The average time required for pregnancy termination was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in the misoprostol group. The procedure-related blood loss was also significantly decreased in the misoprostol group. However, side effects including pre-evacuation vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in the misoprostol group than in placebo group (p < 0.005). There was no case of hemorrhage or uterine perforation in either group. Sublingual misoprostol is effective in facilitating cervical dilatation prior to surgical abortion. Its usage significantly decreased the time of surgical evacuation and minimized blood loss during the procedure.     

Oral misoprostol versus vaginal gemeprost for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in women in the sixth to twelfth week of gestation

The effectiveness of oral misoprostol versus vaginal gemeprost for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration was compared in women in the 6th to 12th week of pregnancy. Sixty-four nulliparous women requesting termination of pregnancy between 6th to 12th weeks of gestation were randomized to receive either 400 μg misoprostol orally or 1 mg vaginal gemeprost at 12 hr or 3 hr prior to vacuum aspiration, respectively. The cervical dilatation at vacuum aspiration, the ease of the subsequent surgical procedure, and the incidence of complications and side effects were compared between these two methods of cervical priming. The median cervical dilatation at vacuum aspiration in the misoprostol group was significantly greater than that in the gemeprost group (8.0 mm versus 7.0 mm, p<0.02). Preoperative side effects were significantly less frequent in the misoprostol group (p<0.01). The ease of dilatation assessed subjectively by the operating surgeons was also improved significantly in the misoprostol group (p<0.01). However, the duration of operation and blood loss were similar in both groups. Since misoprostol is also much cheaper and more convenient to use, we conclude that oral misoprostol is better than vaginal gemeprost for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in first trimester pregnancy.     

The role and comparison of two techniques of paracervical block for pain relief during suction evacuation for first-trimester pregnancy termination

This prospective study assessed the role and compared two techniques of paracervical block (PCB) for pain relief during suction evacuation for first-trimester termination of pregnancy following cervical priming with misoprostol. One-hundred and thirty-five women undergoing suction evacuation up to 12 weeks of gestation were randomized into three groups: (a) 5 mL of 1% lignocaine injected at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions of the vaginal vault; (b) 5 mL of 1% lignocaine injected at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions of the cervix and (c) no PCB. Pain scores during PCB, cervical dilatation and during and after suction evacuation were compared among the three groups. The sedation and satisfaction levels were also compared. There were no statistically significant differences in the pain levels during PCB, cervical dilatation and suction evacuation and in the satisfaction levels among the three groups. Patients with a lighter sedation level experienced more pain. In conclusion, PCB did not improve the pain levels during first-trimester suction termination of pregnancy after cervical priming with misoprostol and use of intravenous sedation, regardless of whether the local anaesthetic was injected into the cervix or the vaginal vault.     

舌下含服米索前列醇在无痛人工流产术中的作用

目的:观察舌下含服米索前列醇在异丙酚静脉麻醉下人工流产术中的效果,以选择最佳的无痛流产方法。方法:将100例早孕拟行人工流产术的妇女,随机分为A组(异丙酚静脉麻醉)、B组(舌下含服米索前列醇联合异丙酚静脉麻醉)、C组(行常规人工流产术)。观察3组宫颈扩张效果,比较扩宫时间、术中出血量及镇痛效果。结果:A组术中完全无痛但增加术中出血量;B组宫颈松弛,术中出血量减少,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:米索前列醇用于异丙酚静脉麻醉下人工流产术可缩短扩宫时间,减少术中出血量,效果良好,可联合应用。     

Sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol (400 microg) for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare the sublingual administration and the vaginal administration of misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester surgical abortion. DESIGN: We used an open, multicenter, randomized trial. LOCATIONS: We conducted the study in four clinics (in Valencia, Castelló, Murcia and Murcia Capital) in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1424 healthy pregnant women with amenorrhea of 相似文献   

The use of vaginal misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination in women with previous single cesarean section

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study reports of 85 women in the second trimester with one prior cesarean section undergoing medical abortion of a viable unwanted pregnancy using vaginal misoprostol. Two regimens that were selected in a nonrandomized manner were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five women treated with vaginal misoprostol in a 3-year period were retrospectively analyzed. All received 400 mug of misoprostol initially and 22 (25.8%) aborted. Then Group A (n=43) received subsequent administration of 200 microg every 6 h, whereas Group B (n=20) received 400 microg/6 h. RESULTS: All patients aborted. The groups had no statistical difference in mean age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, and time from previous cesarean section, and there was no difference in occurrence of side effects and mean induction to abortion time interval. The lower dosage group received a median of 600 microg of vaginal misoprostol (min 600 microg to max 1000 microg). There were no uterine ruptures, need for hysterotomy, or excess bleeding in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series reported to date of second-trimester pregnancy termination in cases with one previous cesarean section using only vaginal misoprostol. The study shows that both used regimens are safe and equally effective. All 85 women aborted.     

Sublingual compared with oral misoprostol for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration: a randomized comparison

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of oral and sublingual administration of misoprostol for cervical priming prior to vacuum aspiration. Thirty-two first-time-pregnant women with 8-12 weeks amenorrhea were randomly assigned to receive 400 microg misoprostol either orally or sublingually 3 h prior to surgery. The degree of baseline dilatation and the cumulative force needed for dilatation of the cervical canal did not differ between the two treatment groups. However, the number of patients in whom a strong force was needed was significantly higher following oral than following sublingual treatment. It was shown that sublingual administration is more effective than oral administration of misoprostol for cervical priming and is associated with less blood loss but a higher frequency of side effects.     

不同溶剂湿化的米索前列醇阴道给药用于人工流产术前宫颈扩张随机对照研究

目的:探讨不同溶剂湿化的米索前列醇阴道给药对宫颈扩张的疗效。方法:选择停经<60天,自愿选用负压吸宫术终止妊娠的健康初孕妇女,随机分为3组,Ⅰ组(固态米索组),28例,Ⅱ组(氯化钠湿化组),30例,Ⅲ组(醋酸湿化组),30例,3组对象置药3小时后,行负压吸宫术。观察:①阴道药片溶解情况;②宫颈扩张度;③术中出血量;④置药后副反应。结果:①各组临床特征比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);②3组有效宫颈扩张度比率Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别与Ⅰ组比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.01),而Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间相比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);③阴道药片溶解情况,Ⅰ组中,完全溶解例数0,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组完全溶解例数无差异,其残留药物粉状,量少;④各组术中出血量及副反应发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:米索湿化使得阴道粘膜易于吸收,宫口扩张效果增强,但醋酸并不进一步增加入流术前宫颈扩张的效果。氯化钠湿化是最佳途径。     

异丙酚联合米索前列醇在人工流产术中应用研究

目的:探讨早孕妇女应用异丙酚行无痛人工流产术前阴道放置米索前列醇效果。方法:选择自愿行无痛人工流产术的早孕妇女240例随机分3组,于人工流产术前不同时间阴道放置米索前列醇(200μg)两组和对照组(未用米索前列醇),观察术中扩宫的难易程度、手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症。结果:阴道放置米索前列醇组术中无阻力扩宫的例数均明显多于未放置米索前列醇组(P<0.01),手术时间亦明显缩短(P<0.01),术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),麻醉药用量亦减少(P<0.01),术中反应少(P<0.01)。术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇组较术前3～4小时放药组术前腹痛率及阴道出血率均明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇200μg可起到扩张宫颈,提高手术质量,减少手术并发症效果。     

超导可视下无痛人工流产术配合阴道置药终止早期妊娠的疗效观察

目的:探讨阴道置药辅助超导可视下无痛人工流产术终止早期妊娠的疗效。方法:选取2009年4月～2011年9月孕龄40～60天180例门诊早孕妇女,随机分为A组90例采用超导可视下+丙泊酚静脉全麻人工流产术,B组90例采用术前1 h阴道后穹窿放置米索前列醇0.4 mg然后再行超导可视下无痛人工流产术。观察2组完全流产率、宫口松弛度、宫缩强度、出血量与阴道出血时间。结果:B组宫口松弛发生率明显高于A组,出血量和阴道出血时间明显少于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超导可视下无痛人工流产术配合阴道置药终止早期妊娠镇痛效果确切,安全可靠。     

不同剂型米索前列醇用于无痛人工流产术的临床观察

目的比较米索前列醇粉剂和片剂用于无痛人工流产的临床效果。方法选择需行无痛人工流产术的未产妇女200例,按随机原则分为A组和B组各100例,A组手术前1h阴道放置米索前列醇粉剂400μg,B组术前1h阴道放置米索前列醇片剂400μg,比较两组患者术中宫颈扩张程度、手术时间、术中出血量和不良反应。结果 A组在术中宫颈扩张程度、手术时间和术中出血量方面均明显优于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在无痛人工流产术中,米索前列醇粉剂短时间内能更好地扩张宫颈,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血。     

A comparison of tamoxifen and misoprostol to misoprostol alone for early pregnancy termination

A study was undertaken to determine whether the combination of oral tamoxifen and moistened misoprostol administered vaginally was superior to that of placebo and moistened misoprostol administered vaginally for elective termination of early pregnancies.

A clinical trial was conducted with a study group of 150 healthy women with pregnancies of ≤56 days gestational age who desired pregnancy termination. Subjects were randomized to ingest either 20 mg of tamoxifen (group 1) or placebo (group 2) twice daily for 1 day, followed 48 h later by vaginal administration of 800 μg of saline-moistened misoprostol. This dose of misoprostol was repeated 24 h later and 8 days later if an abortion had not occurred. The main outcome measures were incidence of complete abortion, hemoglobin levels, duration of vaginal bleeding, and incidence of side effects. Complete abortion occurred in 709 (93.3%) in group 1 and 68 (90.7%) in group 2. There were no differences in either group between earlier (≤49 days) and later (50–56 days) gestations. The mean duration of uterine bleeding was 7.9 days and 8.2 days in group 1 and group 2, respectively. In group 1, 94.3% who aborted bled for <14 days, and in group 2, 95.6%. No subject required a blood transfusion. There were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups. These data suggest that pretreatment with tamoxifen is not necessary when using moistened vaginal misoprostol for abortion of pregnancies of ≤56 days of gestation.     

三种用药方案在无痛人工流产术前宫颈扩张效果的比较

目的比较3种不同用药方案在无痛人工流产术前扩张宫颈的效果。方法回顾性分析2007~2011年在广西医科大学第一附属医院计划生育门诊要求行无痛人工流产术终止早期妊娠的338例初孕妇女的临床资料。根据不同用药方案将受术者分为3组,A组110例于人工流产术前3 h阴道放置米索前列醇200μg,B组124例于术前15~20 h口服米非司酮50 mg联合术前3 h阴道放置米索前列醇200μg,C组104例于术前3 h阴道放置米索前列醇400μg。观察受术者宫口扩张程度、手术时间、术中出血量、不良反应等。结果 B、C组宫颈扩张度优于A组,手术时间、术中出血量少于A组(P0.05);C组药物不良反应发生率高于A、B组(P0.05)。结论无痛人工流产术前15~20 h口服米非司酮50 mg联合手术前3 h阴道放置米索前列醇200μg与术前3 h阴道放置米索前列醇400μg均有良好的扩张宫颈作用,口服小剂量米非司酮联合阴道放置米索前列醇在无痛人工流产术前应用更能减少药物的不良反应。     

负压吸宫术前阴道放置米索前列醇与利多卡因胶浆对宫颈扩张作用的比较

目的:比较在终止早期妊娠负压吸宫术前阴道放置米索前列醇与利多卡因胶浆的宫颈扩张作用、人工流产综合征发生率、阴道出血量及副反应。方法:将停经6～10周要求手术终止妊娠的196例妇女随机分两组,米索前列醇组阴道放置米索前列醇400μg,用药后3h 行负压吸宫术,利多卡因组阴道内放置利多卡因胶浆5ml(内含利多卡因0.2g),用药后10min 行负压吸官术。记录观察对象的宫颈扩张程度、人工流产综合征发生情况、用药后副反应、术中出血量、手术所需时间。结果:两组对象宫颈扩张程度、手术所需时间等无显著差异,米索前列醇组用药后副反应、人工流产综合征发生率大于利多卡因组(P<0.01),利多卡因组阴道出血量增多者多于米索前列醇组(P<0.01)。结论:终止早期妊娠的负压吸宫术前阴道放置利多卡因胶浆与米索前列醇扩张宫颈效果相似,但前者用药后副反应少,人工流产综合征发生率低,使用方法简便、安全,等待受术时间短,缺点是术中阴道出血量偏多。     

阴道放置米索前列醇及卡孕栓在早期人工流产术前的应用

目的:评价米索前列醇(简称米索)及卡孕栓在早期妊娠人工流产术前阴道用药的宫颈扩张作用。方法:400μg米索或1mg卡孕栓被术前2～5小时分别放置妊娠5～10周妇女阴道后穹窿内,记录每例患者宫颈的扩张程度及腹痛、出血等副作用。结果:当药物作用3.5小时以内时,两组宫颈扩张作用的差异尚不明显。3.5小时后卡孕栓扩张宫颈的作用则明显优于米索。阴道内术前用药超过3.5小时无论米索组或卡孕栓组与其自身比较,宫颈扩张的作用均较用药3.5小时以内的作用明显提高。卡孕栓组较米索组腹痛等胃肠道副反应的发生率高。结论:米索及卡孕栓在早期妊娠人工流产术前阴道用药有较强的宫颈扩张作用。米索副作用相对较少,适于人工流产前的宫颈扩张的常规用药。妊娠天数较长,胚胎较大,人流手术相对困难者使用卡孕栓较为合理。上述药物术前阴道使用推荐时间为至少3.5小时。     

Cervical dilation before first-trimester surgical abortion (<14 weeks' gestation). SFP Guideline 20071

First-trimester surgical abortion is a common, safe procedure with a major complication rate of less than 1%. Cervical dilation before suction aspiration is usually accomplished using tapered mechanical dilators. Risk factors for major complications in the first trimester are increasing gestational age and provider inexperience. Use of laminaria for cervical priming reduces the risk of cervical laceration and, to a lesser extent, uterine perforation. While pharmacological priming agents may potentially have the same effects, no published studies to date have been large enough to assess these outcomes. Given an experienced provider, the risk of these injuries during suction aspiration is very small. Cervical priming can be achieved with osmotic dilators or pharmacological agents. The advantages of osmotic dilators such as laminaria, Dilapan-S and Lamicel are their ability to produce wide cervical dilation, and for the synthetic types, their advantages include predictable effects and rapid onset of action. A disadvantage of osmotic dilators is that they require a speculum examination and a trained clinician to perform the insertion. When cervical priming is performed, misoprostol is the prostaglandin analogue most commonly used worldwide. Compared to laminaria, vaginal misoprostol requires a shorter period of time to achieve the same dilatation, is associated with less discomfort and is preferred by women. The sublingual route appears as effective as vaginal administration and requires less time for priming (2 h), but it is associated with more side effects. Oral administration can produce equivalent dilation to vaginal or sublingual administration, but higher doses and longer treatment periods (8 to 12 h) are required. Buccal administration of misoprostol appears to have a pharmacokinetic and physiologic profile similar to vaginal administration; however, there are no published studies of buccal misoprostol prior to first-trimester suction abortion. While extensive data demonstrate that a variety of agents are safe and effective at causing cervical softening and dilation preoperatively, there are not enough data to conclude that routine cervical priming is necessary to reduce complications of first-trimester surgical abortion. Cervical priming increases preoperative cervical dilation, making the procedure easier and quicker for the physician. However, in order to preoperatively dilate the cervix, the woman must receive the agent at least 3 to 4 h prior to her procedure. Besides the additional waiting, the woman might experience bleeding and cramping prior to the procedure. There are insufficient data evaluating how cervical priming affects women's quality of life in relation to abortion. Based on existing evidence, the Society of Family Planning does not recommend routine cervical priming for suction aspiration procedures. The Society of Family Planning further recommends that providers consider cervical priming only for women who may be at increased risk of complications from cervical dilation, including those late in the first trimester, adolescents and women in whom cervical dilation is expected to be difficult due to either patient factors or provider experience.     

Bleeding after medication-induced termination of pregnancy with two dosing schedules of mifepristone and misoprostol

OBJECTIVE: This study examines bleeding pattern following medication-induced termination of pregnancy, comparing two different dosing schedules of mifepristone and misoprostol. STUDY DESIGN: Diary information was analyzed from a randomized, multicenter trial in which women used vaginal misoprostol 800 mug either 6-8 or 24 h following 200 mg of oral mifepristone. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: One thousand eighty women with pregnancies up to 63 days' gestation were recruited for the study; 540 were randomized to the 6- to 8-h dosing schedule, and 540 were randomized to the 24-h dosing schedule. Subjects recorded daily bleeding in a diary over 5 weeks. RESULTS: Total duration of bleeding ranged from 1 to 54 days, with a median of 7 days. Duration of spotting ranged from 1 to 80 days, with a median of 5 and 6 days (NS) in each of the two groups. Neither duration of bleeding nor duration of spotting were related to interval between mifepristone and misoprostol. Bleeding and spotting durations were not correlated with maternal age or smoking. Increased gestational age was correlated with longer bleeding and spotting times. Nulliparity was associated with longer bleeding time. CONCLUSION: Varying the interval between mifepristone and misoprostol in medication abortion does not affect duration or quantity of bleeding.     

负压吸宫术前口服和阴道放置米索前列醇及米非司酮对宫颈扩张作用的比较

目的:比较终止早期妊娠负压吸宫术前口服和阴道放置米非司酮及米索前列醇对宫颈的扩张作用,观察副反应、手术时间及术中出血量。方法:将停经6～8周要求手术终止妊娠的130名妇女随机分为4组,A组(口服米非司酮)34例、B组(阴道放置米非司酮)32例、C组(口服米索前列醇)36例、D组(阴道放置米索前列醇)28例。阴道用药组于用药后12h,口服组于用药后24h行负压吸宫术。记录观察对象的宫颈扩张度、用药后副反应及术中出血量和手术时间。结果:宫颈扩张程度,D组与其他各组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异无显著性;D组的手术时间较B组明显缩短(P<0.05);D组无一例出现胃肠道反应,与其他各组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05),术前阴道出血发生率较其他各组高(P<0.01),下腹痛的发生率较A组、B组高(P<0.01)。结论:负压吸宫术前口服或阴道放置米索、米非司酮均可扩张宫颈,但阴道放置米索前列醇效果好,且胃肠道反应发生率低,更适合有早孕反应的妇女。