经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀治疗肝癌的护理73例

氩氦刀靶向冷冻损毁术(targeted cryoablationtherapy)是近年来开展的一项肿瘤冷冻治疗新技术,它采用局部超低温冷冻及快速复温的方法损毁肿瘤组织,不会导致过量肝组织的破坏,可以使一些无法耐受肝切除术的肝癌患者接受该治疗。2001年7月～2002年10月我院在 B 超引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌73例,现将临床护理体     

经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀治疗肝癌的护理73例

氩氦刀靶向冷冻损毁术 (targetedcryoablationtherapy)是近年来开展的一项肿瘤冷冻治疗新技术[1] ,它采用局部超低温冷冻及快速复温的方法损毁肿瘤组织 ,不会导致过量肝组织的破坏 ,可以使一些无法耐受肝切除术的肝癌患者接受该治疗[2 ] 。2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月我院在B超引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌 73例 ,现将临床护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月在B超引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌 73例 ,其中男 5 9例 ,女14例 ,男女比例 1.0∶4 .1,年龄 2 4～ 80岁 ,平均年龄5 4.4岁…     

氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌患者的护理

目的 观察氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效.方法 2006年12月-2007年9月对11例诊断为晚期肝癌却无法手术切除的患者行氩氦刀介入治疗肝肿瘤的术前准备、术中配合及术后护理.结果 11例患者手术顺利完成,疗效较佳,无严重并发症出现,原发性肝癌AFP下降率达95%以上.结论 B超引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀治疗肝肿瘤能保证患者安全度过围手术期,通过术前宣教、术中配合及术后护理确保了整个过程顺利完成,是延长患者生命,提高患者生存期和生存质量的微创治疗肝癌新方法.     

超声引导氩氦刀靶向冷冻切除肝癌临床分析

研究超声引导氩氦刀靶向冷冻切除肝癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法：在超声引导下,40例肝癌患者接受了氩氦靶向冷冻治疗。结果：肝癌患者术后CT值下降,肿瘤直径缩小，肿瘤血供减少(P<0.05), 不良反应轻微。结论：超声引导氩氦刀靶向冷冻切除肝癌疗效较好，创伤小，不良反应轻微，是一项有推广价值的综合治疗手段。     

肝脏恶性肿瘤行经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗的临床观察

对我院2010年6月～2012年10月收治的53例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者给予经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤行经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗的临床疗效。结果经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗血清肿瘤标记物转阴率为81%,CT或MRI等显示肿瘤坏死,没有明确的存货病灶。经过术后随访,一年生存率为98.4%。经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤临床疗效显著,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,值得在临床上广泛使用和推广。     

超声在氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌中的价值研究

目的 探讨超声在氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌中的价值。方法 对无法手术切除的原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌共48例在术前B超检查、术中B超引导进行开腹氩氦刀冷冻治疗，术后1周、3个月及6个月B超进行随访复查。结果 术前及术后一周内肝癌患者的瘤灶B超图像比较并无明显改变，肿块的大小无明显缩小，但3个月及半年后的瘤灶B超图像可见18例(37．5％)患者的瘤体变化不大，而30例(62．5％)患者的瘤体有不同程度的缩小，其中12例(占总体的25％)瘤体缩小1／3。瘤灶B超图像的变化主要有三种：①瘤体完全钙化2例(4．2％)；②瘤体呈高回声团块26例(54．1％)；③瘤体部分液化而呈混合性回声团块20例(41．7％)。本组病人1年生存率83．3％；3年生存率58．3％；而瘤体完全钙化且彩色多普勒于团块中心及周边均未见血流信号的2名患者至今仍健在。结论 氩氦刀治疗肝癌的疗效确实，超声引导氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌过程有助于发挥其最大的冷冻效率，术后随访复查有助于了解患者的治疗效果，当瘤体完全钙化且团块中心及周边均未见血流信号时则可能提示患者肿块完全灭活。     

无菌温盐水手套覆盖法用于氩氦刀冷冻治疗中

氩氦刀冷冻治疗是一种先进的肿瘤微创技术[1],氩氦刀是一种靶向性强、适应证广、疗效确切、损伤小的肿瘤消融方法[2]。应用MRI引导、红外线导航定位及实时监测肿瘤消融方法被广泛应用。但是,由于氩氦刀穿刺刀杆在治疗过程中对周围皮肤造成持续低温,易导致刀杆周围皮肤发生冻伤。我科自2011年3月—2012年9月将无菌温盐水手套覆盖法应用于氩氦刀冷冻治疗过程中,效果满意。现介绍如下。     

胰头癌氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗术后并发症的观察及护理

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗已成为近年来胰腺肿瘤治疗手段之一,其基本原理是利用氩氦冷冻循环使整个肿块组织凝固、变性、坏死,达到原位灭活损伤肿瘤的目地.近年来,我国胰头癌发病率呈上升趋势,就诊者多进入中晚期.放、化疗效果不尽如人意.我科自2011年10月15日至2012年6月31日对42例中晚期胰头癌患者采用氩氦刀冷冻+短路手术为基础的综合治疗,现将并发症的观察及护理体会报告如下.     

原发性肝癌行氩氦刀冷冻消融术后并发气胸的护理

[目的]探讨原发性肝癌氩氦刀冷冻消融术后病人并发气胸的护理要点。[方法]采用氩氦刀冷冻消融术对1075例原发性肝癌病人行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,总结术后出现气胸的护理要点。[结果]术后出现气胸并发症5例,发生率为0.046%,经精心治疗和护理后全部恢复。[结论]加强原发性肝癌行氩氦刀冷冻消融术后并发气胸的护理有利于预后。     

CT透视引导下经皮氩氦刀肿瘤治疗术

目的:探讨CT实时透视下引导氩氦刀经皮穿刺治疗肿瘤的技术.方法:选取2006年1月至2008年1月我院50例住院患者在CT透视下引导氩氦刀经皮穿刺行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗.结果:病例均在CT透视引导下行氩氦刀精确靶向治疗,引导效果均满意.结论:CT透视引导和氩氦刀冷冻技术的结合是肿瘤局部治疗的一个有效手段.     

肝移植后肝功能的异常★

背景：肝移植后导致肝功能异常原因复杂，早期弄清引起肝功能异常的原因对治疗至关重要。目的：较全面的了解肝移植后可以导致肝功能异常的原因，以便应用于临床诊治。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI和FMJS数据库，采用医学主题词检索，检索词为“肝移植；肝功能异常；转氨酶异常；胆红素升高；原因”或“liver transplantation；abnormal liver function；transaminase abnormalities；bilirubin increased, and causes”，时间范围为1991年1月至2012年7月，共检索到98篇文章，选择文章主要内容与肝移植后肝功能异常直接相关的、发表在权威杂志上的文章共35篇进行综述。结果与结论：肝移植后导致肝功能异常的原因众多，临床表现复杂。最常见的原因依次是急性排斥反应、胆道并发症及病毒感染。肝移植后早期，尤其是1个月内出现肝功能异常，需警惕小体积综合征和原发性移植物无功的发生。各种原因引起的肝功能异常，转氨酶及胆红素升高的程度不尽相同。急性排斥反应、自身免疫性肝炎、病毒感染、门静脉及肝静脉狭窄、缺血-再灌注损伤等转氨酶升高较胆红素升高显著；慢性排斥反应、胆道并发症、肝动脉狭窄、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎等早期以梗阻酶碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素升高为主；肿瘤导致的肝功能异常视肿瘤大小、压迫部位不同，可表现出以转氨酶升高为主或以胆红素升高为主。此外，各种原因多有其特殊病史，仔细询问病史有助于早期诊断。临床工作中，应重视尽量详尽的采集病史，根据转氨酶和胆红素升高的具体情况，首先考虑引起肝功能异常的常见原因，经临床证实排除后再考虑其他相对不常见原因，并结合实验室检查、影像学检查及肝脏穿刺病理活检，尽早明确病因及治疗。     

Acute liver failure: liver support therapies

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We summarize the therapeutic approach to patients with acute liver failure with the main focus on bioartificial and artificial liver support. We also describe specific and general therapeutic approaches based upon recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute liver failure. RECENT FINDINGS: Bioartificial liver support systems use hepatocytes in an extracorporeal device connected to the patient's circulation. Artificial liver support is intended to remove protein-bound toxins and water-soluble toxins without providing synthetic function. Both systems improve clinical and biochemical parameters and can be applied safely to patients. Although bioartificial liver-assist devices have not been shown to improve the survival of patients with acute liver failure, further development is underway. Artificial liver support systems have been shown to alter several pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of acute liver failure but survival data are still limited. SUMMARY: Mortality in patients with acute liver failure is still unacceptably high. The most effective treatment, liver transplantation, is a limited resource and so other therapeutic options to bridge patients to recovery or stabilization have to be considered. Better understanding of the pathophysiology of acute liver failure and device development is necessary to achieve the elusive goal of effective extracorporeal liver assist.     

晚期肝癌合并肝包膜下出血或肝破裂出血的护理

目的总结晚期肝癌并肝包膜下出血或肝破裂出血的护理要点。方法2001年1月~2004年12月对本院收治的56例晚期肝癌并肝包膜下出血或肝破裂出血病人进行抢救治疗,并配合护理。结果治疗总有效率为80.4%,死亡率为12.5%。结论晚期肝癌并肝包膜下出血或肝破裂出血,病情变化快,死亡率高,护理的重点在于止痛、止血、并发症的急救、病情观察,心理及支持性的护理,并开展健康教育,尽量消除各种诱发因素,有效地控制出血和防止再出血,从而提高病人的生活质量。     

Lipid peroxidation of the liver in liver disease

Material of puncture biopsy of the human liver left after morphological study was used to explore enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity, the content of triglycerides, cholesterol and protein. It was shown that the degree of lipid peroxidation varies considerably in different liver diseases. The highest degree of lipid peroxidation was discovered in patients with fibrosis accompanied by the symptoms of fatty dystrophy. It was established that the rate of peroxidation does not directly correlate with the level of liver lipid infiltration. It is concluded that NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity mirrors adequately the nature of a liver disease and can be used as a highly sensitive and very specific enzymatic test.     

Management of chronic liver failure until liver transplantation

Chronic liver failure is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is the long-term consequence of many chronic liver diseases. In addition to determining the specific cause of the chronic liver disease, which may be amenable to targeted therapy, it is important to treat the sequelae of chronic liver failure effectively to improve quality of life, to prolong survival, and to provide a bridge to liver transplantation. Once a patient who has chronic liver failure develops hepatic decompensation, liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for those who qualify. Management of chronic liver failure is the focus of this article.     

Antipyrine kinetics in liver disease and liver transplantation

Antipyrine kinetics were studied in seven normal subjects, 10 patients with liver disease, and 13 clinically stable patients who received a liver transplant. Five patients were studied both before and after liver transplantation. Antipyrine concentrations in saliva after oral dosing were measured by HPLC. The antipyrine t1/2 was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) in patients with liver disease than in patients undergoing liver transplantation and normal subjects. Antipyrine clearance was not significantly different between patients undergoing liver transplantation and normal subjects, but it was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in patients with liver disease. In five patients who were studied before and after liver transplantation, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the antipyrine clearance and a marked reduction in its t1/2 after liver transplantation. These results indicate that liver transplantation improves the drug metabolizing ability of patients with liver disease and that the oxidative metabolizing capacity of the liver in clinically stable patients after liver transplantation is similar to that of normal subjects.