营养教育在儿童营养性贫血群体防治中的应用

本文采用大规模随机化人群对照实验,研究了营养教育在儿童营养性贫血群体防治中的应用,结果表明此法明显优于预防投药和铁荆治疗法,是群众防治儿童营养性贫血最经济有效、简便易行的治疗措施。     

农村儿童营养性贫血防治方案设置

为了实施农村儿童营养性贫血大规模防治方案本着经济、效好、可行及实用要求,通过干预组不同干预效果,费用效果比较及服药依从性效果分析,认为可同时采用:①健康教育,合理喂养;②高危儿进行药物预防;③中重度贫血以药物治疗,干预每年2次在农闲时进行,每次3个月,尽量减少防治药物种类,减少铁剂剂量以减少副反应,选用最佳铁剂剂型,每年监测1次.     

农村儿童营养性贫血的群体防治

无锡县通过对3月—7岁儿童4次横断面调查及3次干预、使农村儿童贫血患病率由40.86％下降到20％左右,IDA由16.78％下降到10％以下,Hb值均值上升7.4 g/L 不同干预措施的比较表明,健康教育组和铁剂预防组效果最为显著,开展健康教育、科学指导膳食是长期群体防治小儿营养性贫血经济有效,切实可行的重要措施。在开展科研的同时注重了科研成果的开发利用,在全县建立了贫血防治监测系统,1岁以内儿童贫血监测率达93.67％,健康教育工作也在试点乡以外地区广泛展开     

农村儿童营养性贫血防治方案设置

为了实施农村儿童营养性贫血大规模防治方案本着经济、效好、可行及实用要求，通过干预组不同干预效果，费用效果比较及服药依从性效果分析，认为可同时采用：（１）健康教育、合理喂养；（２）高危儿进行药物预防；（３）中重度贫血以药物治疗，干预每年２次在农闲时时间，每次３个月，尽量减少防治药物种类，减少铁旧以减少副反应，选用最佳铁剂剂型，每年监测１次。     

健康教育对儿童营养性贫血防治效果的效果观察

目的探讨健康教育对儿童营养性贫血的干预效果。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法调查A地区的950例学龄前儿童,其中290例儿童被诊断为营养性贫血。对营养性贫血儿童及其幼师、家长进行为期3个月贫血防治知识的健康教育,并常规体检。结果健康教育前本组患儿的轻度营养性贫血为66．6％,中度营养性贫血为27．9％,重度营养性贫血5．5％。健康教育后有77例患儿贫血状况消失,健康教育后贫血状况有显著改善。结论通过对患儿及其幼师、家长的健康教育干预,可以有效的防治营养性贫血的发生。     

儿童营养性贫血铁剂防治效果研究

对５９２例３月～７岁贫血儿童用硫酸亚铁或枸橼酸铵铁治疗４月或２月，同时口服叶酸及维生素Ｃ，对２９４例贫血高危儿童用上述药物预防。结果，两种铁剂治疗营养性贫血疗效满意，枸椽酸铵铁疗效优于硫酸亚铁，但预防贫血效果不明显，两种铁剂治疗疗程可考虑为２月。     

0～6岁儿童贫血现状及干预措施研究

为了解江苏省农村0～6岁儿童贫血现状,探讨儿童贫血防治的有效措施,我们对1995年江苏省加中项目0～6岁儿童贫血防治资料进行了分析。结果表明,0～6岁儿童贫血患病率达36.0％,以6个月～2岁以内儿童患病率为最高。干预后贫血患病率明显降低,家长的贫血防治知识也明显提高。对贫血儿童除进行健康教育外,另给予适量的铁剂治疗也是必要的、且是有效的。     

口服铁剂结合营养保健治疗婴幼儿营养性缺铁性贫血的效果观察

目的 探讨在常规口服铁剂的基础上,配合儿童保健治疗婴幼儿营养性缺铁性贫血的临床效果.方法 选取医院儿童保健门诊在2017年1月到2018年12月期间内收治的婴幼儿营养性缺铁性贫血患儿122例作为研究对象.按照患儿的入院顺序并结合组间匹配的原则将患儿分为常规组与保健组两组,每组61名患儿.常规组患儿采用常规口服铁剂联合维...     

小儿缺铁性贫血的治疗

营养性缺铁性贫血是儿童常见病,在发展中国家患病率为30％-90％,我国7岁以下儿童患病率25％-65％。本病可引起机体代谢紊乱,影响儿童智力、免疫功能及生长发育,应及时给予有效的治疗。小儿缺铁性贫血的治疗原则主要为去除病因和给予铁剂。     

0～6岁儿童贫血现状及干预措施研究

为了解江苏省农村０～６岁儿童贫血现状，探讨儿童贫血防治的有效措施，我们对１９９５年江苏省加中项目０～６岁儿童贫血防治资料进行了分析，结果表明，０～６岁儿童贫血患者病率达３６．０％，以６个月～２岁以内儿童患病率为提高，干预后贫血患病率明降低，家长的贫血防治知识也明显提高，对贫血儿童除进行健康教育外，另给予适量的铁剂治疗也是必要的，且是有效的。     

Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive, disabling disease which can lead to long-term deformity and disability. Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) approved to reduce signs and symptoms, inhibit structural damage and improve physical function in adults with active rheumatoid arthritis.In clinical trials in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, leflunomide had a more rapid onset of action than methotrexate, sulfasalazine and placebo. In trials of 24 months’ duration, leflunomide was more effective than sulfasalazine and placebo and at least as effective as methotrexate in reducing rheumatoid arthritis disease activity (assessed using the American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria). In addition, leflunomide was as effective as sulfasalazine or methotrexate in decreasing the rate of radiological progression over 24 months. Over 12 months leflunomide was more effective than methotrexate and placebo in reducing the rate of structural damage. Data from a nonblind extension study suggests that the efficacy of leflunomide may be maintained when administered for periods up to 5 years.Leflunomide was significantly more effective than methotrexate, sulfasalazine and placebo in improving physical function measures among patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, and improved physical function was maintained after 2 years of treatment.Few well designed pharmacoeconomic analyses of leflunomide treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exist. Economic studies to date show leflunomide to be either less cost effective or cost neutral compared to methotrexate. In addition, leflunomide has been shown to be a cost effective option compared with etanercept, infliximab and infliximab plus methotrexate.Leflunomide was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Common adverse events associated with leflunomide treatment include diarrhea, respiratory infections, nausea and headache. Hematological and hepatotoxic adverse events are a concern, particularly in a setting of multiple risk factors such as concomitant hepatotoxins. Liver function monitoring should be adhered to in all patients receiving leflunomide and ACR guidelines should be followed in those receiving concomitant methotrexate.In conclusion, leflunomide is a DMARD which produces a rapid and sustained reduction in disease activity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide has a more rapid onset of action than sulfasalazine or methotrexate. Leflunomide is at least as effective as methotrexate and more effective than sulfasalazine in reducing disease activity after 24 months’ treatment. In addition, leflunomide is more effective than both of these agents in improving physical function and health-related quality of life. Thus it is predicted that leflunomide therapy may improve the long-term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduce the substantial burden imposed by the disease for patient, healthcare provider and payers. Consequently, leflunomide should be considered as an important treatment option for those patients with active rheumatoid arthritis including those intolerant to methotrexate.     

Release of progestin-only emergency contraception

Progestin-only emergency contraception has been available in a prepackaged product since 1999. In a multicenter randomized trial, the levonorgestrel-only regimen was better tolerated and significantly more effective than the previous standard of care, the Yuzpe regimen. The levonorgestrel-only regimen prevented 85% of unintended pregnancies compared with 57% in the Yuzpe regimen. Emergency contraception is more effective the earlier the treatment begins. With the emergence of specifically prepackaged kits, emergency contraception appears to be more accessible and convenient to providers and to women. However, substantial barriers still exist to women who wish to obtain emergency contraceptive within the recommended initiation of 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. More recent information that emergency contraception is more effective the sooner it is initiated underscores the need for effective educational and distribution strategies.     

两种消毒剂消毒口腔印模效果比较分析

目的 比较2％戊二醛浸泡消毒、5.25％次氯酸钠喷雾消毒对染菌藻酸盐印模的消毒效果.方法 在藻酸盐印模表面均匀涂布金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌和变异链球菌悬液,分别采用2％戊二醛浸泡消毒、5.25％次氯酸钠消毒剂喷雾消毒10、15 min,取样、接种、培养后进行菌落计数,计算抑菌率.结果 两种消毒剂均能有效消毒.作用10 min,2％戊二醛浸泡组效果优于5.25％次氯酸钠喷雾组(P＜0.001),可认为前者更可靠;作用15 min,虽然针对大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌、变异链球菌,两者差异均有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05),但均能有效消毒,可认为临床效果相当.同种消毒剂随着作用时间延长,消毒效果更可靠(P＜0.001).结论 两种消毒剂都能有效用于藻酸盐印模消毒,可优先考虑采用5.25％次氯酸钠喷雾消毒15 min,或应用2％戊二醛浸泡消毒10 min.     

The value of music for hospitalized infants.

Infants are very responsive to stimuli and may be even more vulnerable to the adverse effects of hospitalization than older children. Play techniques are effective in helping older children cope with the emotional effects of hospitalization; however their potential may be limited with small infants. Music therapy could offer a more direct and effective means of constructive interaction with this easily overlooked and underestimated age group. This paper reviews the results of a three-month trial of music therapy in an infant ward at the Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children, Halifax, Nova Scotia.     

Effective birth control use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy in Los Angeles, California

ContextIdentifying sociodemographic and health-related risk factors associated with more effective versus less effective birth control use can help to identify barriers to effective birth control use and decrease risk for unintended pregnancy.MethodsData used were from the 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey. More effective birth control use was assessed among women ages 18 to 49, who were at risk for unintended pregnancy, residing in Los Angeles County. The study population consisted of 849 women. Multivariate associations of more effective birth control use with sociodemographic and health factors were assessed in logistic regression models. All analyses used weighted data.ResultsWomen who used a more effective birth control method at last act of coitus were less likely to be Black (odds ratio [OR], 0.33) or Asian/Pacific Islander (OR, 0.49), have less than a high school education (OR, 0.33), be a smoker (OR, 0.52), and have public insurance (OR, 0.47) than women using a less effective birth control method. They were more likely to have received a pap test (OR, 2.66), describe their health as fair or poor (OR, 2.39), and have a household income of 200% to 299% of the federal poverty level (OR, 2.25) than women using a less effective birth control method.ConclusionsSociodemographic factors, some of which underlie cultural diversity, predict the use of more effective birth control methods and should be considered when providing family planning services and preconception health counseling to unique populations.     

Multiple Health Behavior Research represents the future of preventive medicine

Given the disease and cost burdens, Multiple Health Behavior Research represents the future of preventive medicine. Growing evidence in this special issue and beyond indicates that simultaneous and sequential interventions can be effective. The challenge for the future is to make such interventions more effective, cost effective and less demanding. Co-variation represents one innovative approach in which effective change on one treated behavior increases the odds of effective action on a second targeted behavior. Co-variation can occur when all behaviors received full treatment, when one receives full treatment and the others receive minimal treatment and when only one behavior is treated and others co-vary without treatment. Integrative treatments represent another innovation in which higher order constructs drive change on multiple behaviors related to the construct and treatment has to be only on one higher order behavior. A more integrated approach to research and practice involves new paradigms complementing established paradigms. Multiple behaviors proactively treated in populations at home or work by computer-based and stage-based interventions designed to generate co-variation that produces greater impacts can complement traditional paradigms that treat single behaviors in individual patients in clinics by clinicians with action-oriented modular interventions designed for specific behaviors to produce significant efficacy. More inclusive research to support more inclusive practices can hopefully lead to more inclusive care.     

A study of the effectiveness of family planning clinics in the Philippines.

A study of 190 Philippine family planning clinics revealed that certain clinic and physician characteristics were significantly and positively associated with clinic effectiveness, defined in terms of the mean number of monthly acceptors of family planning and the efficacy of the methods selected. Clinics with a high degree of effectiveness were more likely to be staffed by physicians who wanted three or fewer children, who relied more extensively on the IUD (intrauterine device) than physicians in less effective clinics, and who derived more satisfaction from working in family planning than physicians in less effective clinics. Autonomous clinics were more effective than integrated clinics, and clinics staffed by physicians trained by institutions with more experience in family planning were more effective than those staffed by physicians trained by institutions with less experience in this field. The findings regarding the following hypotheses were in the predicted direction: Clinic effectiveness will be greater in clinics staffed by female rather than by male physicians, in urban rather than in rural clinics, in clinics staffed by physicians with a low rather than a high degree of religiosity, and in clinics staffed by physicians with a high rather than a low degree of concern about population growth. The differences in clinic effectiveness, however, in these instances, were not significant.     

Marketing responsible drinking behavior: comparing the effectiveness of responsible drinking messages tailored to three possible "personality" conceptualizations

We investigated whether a thoroughly personalized message (tailored to a person's "Big Five" personality traits) or a message matched to an alternate form of self-schema (ideal self-schema) would be more influential than a self-schema matched message (that has been found to be effective) at marketing responsible drinking. We expected the more thoroughly personalized Big Five matched message to be more effective than the self-schema matched message. However, neither the Big Five message nor the ideal self-schema message was more effective than the actual self-schema message. Therefore, research examining self-schema matching should be pursued rather than more complex Big Five matching.     

传染病新特点与口岸卫生检疫应对

目的提高国境口岸应对传染病的新特点的能力。方法分析传染病新近出现新的特点和趋势,提出国境口岸卫生检疫的应对措施。结果应对传染病出现全球化、卷土重来的新特点,口岸卫生检疫工作任重道远,加强国际、国内、区域间及人医与兽医的合作,调整卫生检疫模式及内容,建立有效的防控体系。结论在传染病全球化和增多的情况下,建立有效的卫生检疫模式。     

Differences in use and impact of computer-tailored dietary fat-feedback according to stage of change and education

Computer-tailored written nutrition education has been found to be more effective in motivating people to reduce their consumption of fat than traditional written information. The present study aimed to test whether this innovative nutrition education intervention is also suitable for people with low motivation to change and low education among a self-selected sample of 699 adults. Computer-tailored feedback proved to be more effective in motivating precontemplators to proceed towards fat reduction than general information. Higher appreciation and use of the computer-tailored fat-feedback was found among respondents in contemplation than in other stages. No difference in impact of computer-tailored fat-feedback on fat intake was found between educational groups. Respondents with low education were more positive about how interesting and how personally relevant the tailored letters were. It was concluded that printed computer-tailored fat-feedback can be applied successfully to motivate precontemplators and people with low education to (consider to) reduce their fat intake.