高效液相色谱法测定联磺甲氧苄啶片的含量

采用高效液相色谱法能简单、快速和准确地同时测定联磺甲氧苄啶片中磺胺嘧啶（ＳＤ）、磺胺甲唑（ＳＭＺ）和甲氧苄胺嘧啶（ＴＭＰ）的含量。流动相为ｐＨ５．９０的０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液—甲醇（８０２０），使用ＯＤＳ柱能使片剂中的三组分与内标咖啡因达到很好的分离。检测波长为２４０ｎｍ。线性校正图谱所获得的浓度范围ＳＤ与ＳＭＺ均为２４～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＴＭＰ为９．６～４８ｍｇ／Ｌ；平均回收率±ＲＳＤ分别为（１００．０±０．３１）％、（１００．４±０．１８）％、（９９．１±０．８５）％，ｎ＝７。本法与中国药典（１９９５年版）方法测定结果基本一致。     

复方磺胺甲唑片的胶束薄层色谱分析

以十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）水溶液展开剂、聚酰胺薄膜为固定相,对复方磺胺甲唑片（复方新诺明）中两组分进行定量分析,磺胺甲基异唑（ＳＭＺ）和甲氧苄氨嘧啶（ＴＭＰ）分别在４．０～１２．０ｍｍｏ／Ｌ和３．５～１０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内吸在面积和浓度呈良好的线性关系。相关系数分别为０．９９９５和０．９９９８,加收率分别为１０１．４％和９９．５％,ＲＳＤ（％）分别为０．５８和１．６０。     

HPLC法测定泻痢停片中磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的含量

用ＨＰＬＣ法测定泻痢停片中磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的含量。色谱柱为Ｃ１８柱,流动相为０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４－０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４－甲醇（２２：２：１５）,流速为１．２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长为２４０ｎｍ。磺胺甲恶唑在２０～６０ｕｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性良好。平均回顾率为１００．４％（ＲＳＤ＝０．４１％）;甲氧苄氨嘧啶在４～１２ｕｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性良好,平均回收率为９９．４％（ＲＳＤ＝０     

Efectsofmoxonidineinjectedintorostralventrolateralmedulaonbloodpressure,heartrate,andrenalsympatheticnerveactivityinrats

目的：观察延髓腹外侧头端（ＲＶＬＭ）注射莫索尼定（Ｍｏｘ）对麻醉大鼠血压（ＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）及肾交感神经放电（ＲＳＮＡ）的影响．方法：麻醉大鼠ＲＶＬＭ注射１μＬＭｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，同步记录ＢＰ，ＨＲ及ＲＳＮＡ．结果：Ｍｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１分别使ＢＰ从１３９±１０ｋＰａ降至１３０±１７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００５），１３８±１８ｋＰａ至１１４±１５ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００１），ａｎｄ１３９±１９ｋＰａ至９４±１７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００１）．Ｍｏｘ不影响ＨＲ．Ｍｏｘ１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１增加ＲＳＮＡ５０％（Ｐ＜００５），１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１对ＲＳＮＡ无影响（Ｐ＞００５），１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１则降低ＲＳＮＡ２３％（Ｐ＜００５）．在缓冲神经切断大鼠，Ｍｏｘ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１抑制ＲＳＮＡ５０％（Ｐ＜００５），明显不同于缓冲神经完整的动物（Ｐ＜００１）．结论：麻醉大鼠ＲＶＬＭ注射Ｍｏｘ可降低ＢＰ，但不影响ＨＲ，且ＲＳＮＡ变化与其降压作用并不平行     

薄层色谱法鉴别泻痢停片

薄层色谱法鉴别泻痢停片王雪琴，李洁，闻京伟（河南省药品检验所４５０００３）泻痢停片的主要成分为磺胺甲唑（ＳＭＺ）、甲氧苄氨嘧啶（ＴＭＰ）、醋酸泼尼松（ＰＳ）及颠茄浸膏，本文采用薄层层析法鉴别４种组分，简便易行，效果很好。１药品与试剂ＳＭＺ、ＴＭＰ、Ｐ...     

粉防己碱，Fura 2－AM和Bay k 8644对脂多糖刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放血小板活化因子的影响

目的：研究钙与脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＰＭ）释放血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）的关系．方法：通过ＰＡＦ的生物测定法，观察了粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）、Ｆｕｒａ２ＡＭ和Ｂａｙｋ８６４４对ＬＰＳ刺激ＰＭ释放ＰＡＦ的影响．结果：ＬＰＳ刺激ＰＭ释放ＰＡＦ，但并不使其细胞内钙增高，Ｔｅｔ在０１，１０，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和Ｆｕｒａ２ＡＭ在００１，０１，１０，１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时降低ＬＰＳ刺激的ＰＭ释放ＰＡＦ（分别为９８±１１，６５±１６，４７±０８，３４±０４，９２±１７，５２±１３，３７±０４，３．２±０３μｇ·Ｌ－１，无药物时１１８±１２μｇ·Ｌ－１），Ｂａｙｋ８６４４在１０，５０，１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时能增加ＬＰＳ刺激的ＰＡＦ释放能增加ＬＰＳ刺激的ＰＡＦ释放（分别为１３２±１７，１６２±１４，１７６±１５μｇ·Ｌ－１），并且Ｂａｙｋ８６４４在５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时能全部或部分逆转Ｔｅｔ和Ｆｕｒａ２ＡＭ对ＰＡＦ释放的抑制作用．结论：尽管ＬＰＳ并不明显增加巨噬细胞内钙，但细胞内钙对ＬＰＳ刺激的ＰＡＦ释放是必要的．     

国产佐匹克隆抗惊厥作用的实验研究

目的　研究国产佐匹克隆（ Ｚ Ｐ Ｌ） 的抗惊厥作用。方法　在小鼠最大电休克发作（ Ｍ Ｅ Ｓ） 和戊四唑（ Ｐ Ｔ Ｚ） 惊厥试验中记录小鼠惊厥发生率;在大鼠点燃模型中记录大鼠行为发作强度和脑后放电时程（ Ａ Ｄ Ｄ） 。结果　 Ｚ Ｐ Ｌ（２０ ,４０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ ,ｉｇ） 能对抗小鼠 Ｍ Ｅ Ｓ,惊厥率分别为３５ ％ 和１５ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ００１） ;在小鼠 Ｐ Ｔ Ｚ 惊厥试验中, Ｚ Ｐ Ｌ 延长了小鼠阵挛性抽搐的潜伏期,并降低强直性发作的发生率（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ; Ｚ Ｐ Ｌ（３０ ,５０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ ,ｉｇ） 减弱了点燃大鼠行为发作强度,缩短 Ａ Ｄ Ｄ（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ,尤其３０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ 剂量组在无明显中枢抑制作用时就能显著地抑制点燃效应。结论　国产佐匹克隆有明显的抗惊厥作用     

Effects of N-methyl berbamine on delayed outward potassium current in isolated rat hepatocytes

目的：研究Ｎ甲基小檗胺（ＮＭＢ）对大鼠肝细胞外向钾电流的影响．方法：应用膜片箝技术和全细胞记录方法，箝制电位－５０ｍＶ，指令电位＋３０至＋１４０ｍＶ，持续时间９００ｍｓ．结果：ＮＭＢ以浓度依赖方式降低外向钾电流．电流幅值在２０，５０，４００ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时分别从４４±１０（ｎ＝４），２５±１８（ｎ＝４），５８±２１（ｎ＝５），４６±１３（ｎ＝６）ｎＡ降到３６±０４（Ｐ＞００５），２１±１６（Ｐ＞００５），３７±１６（Ｐ＜００５），２３±１３（Ｐ＜００１）ｎＡ．抑制率分别为１０％，１５％，３７％，５１％．结论：ＮＭＢ是一种钾通道阻断剂．     

呼吸道感染病人复方磺胺甲恶唑血药浓度监测

建立反相高效液相色谱法监测复方磺胺甲恶唑在呼吸道感染病人中的血药浓度。方法：Ｃ１８填料柱（２２０ｍｍ＊４．６ｍｍ）,流动相为水：甲醇（６６：４４）,流速１．０ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ＾－１,检测波长２２３ｎｍ。结果：磺胺甲恶唑（ＳＭＺ）与甲氧苄啶（ＴＭＰ）,线性范围各为２－２５μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,０．５－１０μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,平均回收率１００．３％,日内变异〈５％,８名上呼吸道感染病人口服ＳＭＺｃｏ１．０ｇ,ｂ     

Effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation and cytokines on adhesion of leukocytes to cerebral microvascular endothelial cells 1

目的：研究缺氧／再给氧（Ｈ／Ｒ）对中性粒细胞（Ｎｅｕ）和单核细胞（Ｍｏｎ）与诱导的培养牛脑微血管细胞粘附作用的影响．方法：牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＣＭＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＣＭＳＭＣ）经Ｈ／Ｒ处理或经ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１α刺激,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ粘附的细胞数目用流式细胞仪测定．结果：ＣＭＥＣ先缺氧２ｈ再经复氧与ＴＮＦα（２μｇ·Ｌ－１）作用２ｈ,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＣＭＥＣ的粘附率分别提高到３５０％±０９％和３６０％±０６％（ＴＮＦα处理组分别是２８９％±１１％和２８８％±１３％）．ＣＭＳＭＣ也按上述处理,Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ的粘附率分别显著提高为４９９％±０４％和４３９％±１４％（ＴＮＦα处理组分别为３４０％±１９％和３４０％±１３％）．ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ经ＩＬ１α刺激,可得到类似结果．结论：Ｈ／Ｒ提高Ｍｏｎ和Ｎｅｕ与ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ１α诱导的ＣＭＥＣ和ＣＭＳＭＣ的粘附作用．     

Madaline 网络用于药物复方制剂的含量测定

目的　用 Madaline 网络进行复方头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄(CEX)和甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)的含量测定。方法　通过 Madaline 网络变换,多组分体系中各组分的重叠光谱转换成互不干扰的谱峰;利用模拟样品得到变换后光谱与相应组分浓度的关系,在此基础上对待测样品进行含量测定。结果　复方制剂中 CEX 和 TMP 的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为100.1% ,0.4%和100.4% ,1.3%。结论　将 Madaline 网络用于药物制剂分析,可得到满意结果,值得进一步推广应用     

The relationship between social network factors, HIV, and Hepatitis C among injection drug users in Chennai, India

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine whether social network factors predict HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) serostatus after controlling for individual-level factors at baseline among a cohort of male injection drug users in Chennai, India.

Methods

The sample, which was recruited through street outreach, consists of 1078 males who reported having injected drugs in the last 6 months.

Results

The participants reported 3936 social support and risk network members. HIV and HCV positive serostatus were negatively associated with network member providing emotional support, and positively associated with network member providing material support. In addition, HCV positivity was associated with network member being an active drug user known for more than 10 years and network member being male kin networks, even after adjusting for individual demographic factors and risk behaviors.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that social network factors are significantly linked to HIV and HCV status among IDUs in Southern India and highlight the mixed effects of social capital on health. Future HIV/HCV prevention efforts should incorporate IDU peers to alter drug network injection risk norms. For drug users who have minimal network support, support groups and other informal and formal support mechanisms may be need to help them with health care and psychological support needs for dealing with HIV/HCV.     

Drug use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder over 25 adult years: Role of psychopathology in relational networks

Background

In traumatized populations, drug use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) persist for many years. Relational factors that mediate this persistence have rarely been systematically examined. Our aim is to examine the relative effects of psychopathology in familial and non-familial networks on the persistence of both disorders over adulthood.

Methods

We utilized longitudinal data from an epidemiologically ascertained sample of male Vietnam veterans (n = 642). Measures included DSM-IV drug use disorders, other psychiatric disorders, network problem history and time-varying marital and employment characteristics. Longitudinal measures of veterans’ psychopathology and social functioning were retrospectively obtained for each year over a 25 year period. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate the relative effects of network problems on veteran's drug use disorders and PTSD after adjusting for covariates.

Results

Veterans’ mean age was 47 years in 1996. Prevalence of illicit drug disorders declined from 29.8% in 1972 to 8.3% in 1996, but PTSD remained at 11.7% from 13.2% in 1972. While 17.0% of veterans reported a familial drug use problem, 24.9% reported a non-familial drug use problem. In full GEE models, a non-familial drug problem was a significant predictor of illicit drug use disorders over 25 years (OR = 2.21, CI = 1.59–3.09), while both familial depression (OR = 1.69, CI = 1.07–2.68) and non-familial drinking problem (OR = 1.66, CI = 1.08–2.54) were significant predictors of PTSD over 25 years.

Conclusions

Familial and non-familial problems in networks differentially affect the persistence of drug use disorders and PTSD in traumatized male adults.     

基于Oncomine数据库分析分泌性磷蛋白1在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 分析分泌性磷蛋白1(SPP1)在肝细胞癌中的表达,探索其对肝癌患者预后的影响.方法 基于Oncomine数据库,对肝细胞癌中的SPP1差异表达情况进行分析,探讨其意义;利用Kaplan Meier-Plotter在线分析工具,对患者生存情况进行分析;基于String数据库在线构建蛋白互作网络.结果 在筛选到的4项...     

Hyperactivation of the cognitive control network in cocaine use disorders during a multisensory Stroop task

Background

It has been suggested that individuals with cocaine use disorders (chronic cocaine abusers, CCA) have impairments in cognitive control, which likely contribute to impairments in decision making around drug use and relapse. However, deficits in cognitive control have currently only been studied under conditions of unisensory stimulation, which may not be reflective of more realistic multisensory drug cues.

Methods

The current study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neuronal activity during a multisensory numeric Stroop task.

Results

Despite few differences in reaction time, recently abstinent CCA (N = 14) exhibited increased activation in prefrontal cortex, striatum and thalamus during cognitive control relative to a group of carefully matched controls (N = 16). Importantly, these neuronal differences were relatively robust in classifying patients from controls (approximately 90% accuracy) and evident during conditions of both low (slow stimulus presentation rate) and relatively high (faster stimulus presentation rate) cognitive demand. In addition, CCA also failed to deactivate the default-mode network during high frequency visual trials.

Conclusions

In summary, current results indicate compensatory activation within the cognitive control network in recently abstinent CCA to achieve similar levels of behavioral performance.     

HPLC法同时测定胃气痛片中芍药苷与橙皮苷的含量

目的：采用HPLC法同时测定胃气痛片中芍药苷与橙皮苷的含量。方法采用Hypersil ODS2（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长为230 nm;进样量为10μL;柱温为25℃。结果芍药苷在0.1652-1.1564μg范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）,橙皮苷在0.1698-1.1886μg范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9994）。芍药苷的平均加样回收率为100.5%（n=6）,RSD=1.8%;橙皮苷的平均加样回收率为98.9%（n=6）,RSD=1.1%。结论该方法操作简便、准确、稳定,适用于胃气痛片中芍药苷与橙皮苷的含量测定。     

爱普列特对原代培养大鼠输精管上皮细胞及bcl-2表达的影响

目的　探讨爱普列特对原代培养SD大鼠输精管上皮细胞及原癌基因bcl 2表达的影响。方法　应用HE染色、电镜、流式细胞术和免疫组化方法研究爱普列特对输精管上皮细胞形态改变、细胞凋亡率以及bcl 2表达的影响。结果　 0 1 μmol·L- 1 爱普列特对细胞形态无显著影响 ;0 3和 1 0 μmol·L- 1 爱普列特作用 72h后 ,细胞呈核固缩、深染、碎裂、染色质边集等多种形态改变 ,电镜下可见典型的凋亡细胞特征 ;流式细胞仪分析结果显示 ,溶剂对照组细胞凋亡率为 3 42 %± 1 49% ,0 1、0 3和 1 0 μmol·L- 1 爱普列特作用 72h后 ,细胞凋亡率分别为 4 66 %± 2 2 3 % ,39 0 4 %± 1 0 69%和 52 74%± 8 91 % ;免疫组化结果显示输精管上皮细胞bcl 2阳性率为 76 96 %± 9 2 5 % ,0 1、0 3和 1 0 μmol·L- 1 爱普列特作用 72h后 ,Bcl 2阳性表达的百分率分别为 63 93 %± 3 40 %、52 82 %± 8 66 %和 2 9 64 %± 8 74%。结论　 0 1 μmol·L- 1 爱普列特对大鼠输精管上皮细胞无影响 ,0 3和 1 0 μmol·L- 1 可诱导大鼠输精管上皮细胞发生凋亡 ,其作用机制可能与降低bcl 2表达有关     

Childhood abuse and neglect and transitions in stages of alcohol involvement among women: A latent transition analysis approach

Background

Childhood abuse and neglect have been linked with alcohol disorders in adulthood yet less is known about the potential of early trauma to influence transitions in stages of alcohol involvement among women. Study aims were to (1) identify stages of women's alcohol involvement, (2) examine the probability of transitions between stages, and (3) investigate the influence of four domains of childhood abuse and neglect (sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and witness to domestic violence), assessed individually and as poly-victimization, on transitions.

Methods

The sample consisted of 11,750 adult female current drinkers identified in Wave 1 (2001–2002) and re-interviewed in Wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Results

Three stages of alcohol involvement emerged from latent class analysis of 11 DSM-IV abuse/dependence criteria: severe (1.5% at Wave 1, 1.9% at Wave 2), hazardous (13.6% at Wave 1, 16.0% at Wave 2), and non-problem drinking (82.1% at Wave 1, 84.5% at Wave 2). Adjusted latent transition analyses determined transition probabilities between stages across waves. Women reporting any childhood abuse and neglect were more likely to advance from the non-problem drinking class at Wave 1 to severe (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.78–8.53) and hazardous (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.22–2.01) drinking classes at Wave 2 relative to women without this history. Associations were also observed between individual domains and transition from no problems to severe alcohol stage.

Conclusions

Results suggest a long-term impact of childhood abuse and neglect as drivers of progression in women's alcohol involvement.     

小波变换人工神经网络测定复方药物多组分含量

通地小波变换压缩数据 ,以压缩后的数据作为人工神经网络的输入 ,极大地加快了网络的收敛速度 .将该法应用于测定撒痛风注射液 ,结果良好 .3组分的平均回收率及相对标准偏差分别为 :10 0 1% ,1 43 % ;10 0 0 % ,0 5 0 % ;10 0 6 % ,1 76 % ,优于单纯人工神经网络 .     

Malnutrition in a population of HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug users living in Chennai, South India

Background

Malnutrition is a strong predictor of poor outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Drug users are at increased risk of malnutrition regardless of whether or not they are infected with HIV. Little data exists on the nutritional status of drug users (with or without HIV infection) in India.

Methods

We describe and compare the nutrition and metabolic status of 107 HIV-positive and 193 HIV-negative male clients of a community-based drop-in center for injection drug users in Chennai, India. Measures of nutrition and metabolic status include body composition, dietary intake, food insecurity, and serum lipid levels.

Results

We found poor overall nutritional status in both the HIV-positive and HIV-negative clients, with HIV-positive men faring worse on some parameters. Both groups had extremely low percent body fat, but levels in HIV-positive participants were significantly lower (6.5% versus 7.9%, p = .01). HIV-positive men also had significantly lower total caloric and fat intakes compared to HIV-negative men. A considerable proportion (70%) of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug users were food insecure. HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower and below normal range in the HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative men.

Conclusions

The high levels of food insecurity and poor nutritional status in this population, regardless of HIV status, indicates critical need for intervention. Improving nutritional status in those who are infected with HIV prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment may help patients to reap the full benefits of therapy.