温肾益精降浊法对慢性肾衰竭红细胞生成素受体基因表达的影响

目的：探讨温肾益精降浊药治疗肾性贫血（RA）药效学机制及中医辨证施治规律。方法：将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、中西药结合治疗组、西药治疗组、中药治疗组,采用腺嘌呤给大鼠灌胃7周建立肾衰竭模型,用相应药物治疗4周,观察各组大鼠用药后血中红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（HCT）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）、促红细胞生成素（EPO）,以及促红细胞生成素受体（EPOR mRNA）表达量等指标变化。结果：温肾益精降浊法中药能够改善BUN、Scr,提高EPO含量,使EPOR mRNA表达明显增强。结论：温肾益精降浊法中药通过提高骨髓有核细胞EPOR mRNA表达量,增强慢性肾衰竭（CRF）时骨髓对内源性EPO反应性,达到抗RA的目的。     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血内皮祖细胞Ang-1表达的影响

目的：观察红细胞生成素（EPO）对慢性肾衰竭大鼠（CRF）外周血内皮祖细胞（EPC）血管生成素-1（Ang-1）表达的影响.方法：采用分阶段5/6肾切除制备大鼠CRF模型.实验动物随机分为3组：假手术组、CRF模型组、EPO治疗组.从第3周开始,治疗组大鼠每次皮下注射重组人EPO 50 U/kg,每周3次,共6周.8周时取其外周血分离与培养EPC,并检测EPC的功能.采用实时荧光定量PCR和western印迹方法检测外周血EPC 的Ang-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果：与模型组比较,EPO治疗能提高CRF大鼠外周血EPC数量及其增殖、黏附与形成血管腔样结构的能力（均P〈0.05）;并可上调外周血EPC 的Ang-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达（均P〈0.05）.结论：EPO可动员慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血EPC,并能增加外周血EPC血管生成素1表达.     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾小球内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 探讨红细胞生成素（EPO）对慢性肾衰竭（CRF）大鼠肾小球内皮细胞功能的影响。 方法 采用分阶段5/6肾切除术制备大鼠慢性肾衰竭动物模型。实验动物按数字随机法分为4组：假手术组（对照组）、慢性肾衰竭组（模型组）及EPO干预的两个剂量组（小剂量组EPO用量30 U/kg,大剂量组EPO用量50 U/kg）。慢性肾衰竭大鼠皮下注射EPO 6周后处死。检测各组大鼠血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿蛋白、血红蛋白（Hb）和血压的变化,并观察肾组织病理改变。免疫组化法检测肾小球CD34、CD31表达;RT-PCR检测肾组织内皮素1（ET-1）、内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF） mRNA的表达。 结果 与模型组比较,EPO治疗能显著增加大鼠肾小球CD34、CD31的表达（均P < 0.05）;下调肾组织ET-1 mRNA的表达（P < 0.05）;上调肾组织eNOS和 VEGF mRNA的表达（均P < 0.05）。此外,EPO治疗还能使大鼠Scr、BUN、尿蛋白和血压水平显著降低（均P < 0.05）,Hb水平显著增高（P < 0.05）,肾组织病理损害明显减轻。 结论 EPO能减轻慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾脏的病理损害,改善肾功能。这种作用可能与其促进肾小球内皮细胞的修复和改善内皮功能有关。     

阿魏酸钠对缺血性急性肾衰竭中SDF-1表达影响

目的：探讨阿魏酸钠对缺血性急性肾衰竭大鼠肾脏基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF—1）表达的影响。方法：将雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、阿魏酸钠（SF）治疗组、SOD治疗对照组。检测肾功能;免疫组化、RT—PCR检测SDF-1的表达。结果：在假手术组,Scr（53．56±4．47）μmol／L,BUN（5．8±0．41）mmol／L;缺血再灌注导致大鼠肾脏损伤明显,Scr（105．10±6．31）pmol／L,BUN（19．60±0．56）retool／L;SF治疗后,血清Scr、BUN水平较IR组下降明显。在SF20mg治疗组,Scr（80．92±5．02）μmol／L,BUN（13．64±0．53）mmol／L;在SF40rng治疗组,Scr（66．88±4．86）μmol／L,BUN（10．46±0．79）mmol／L;在SOD治疗对照组,Scr（57．04±2．1）μmol／L,BUN（7．98±0．48）mmol／L。在假手术组SDF-1有微量表达;大鼠肾脏缺血45min再灌注24h,肾组织SDF-1蛋白、mRNA的表达上调。阿魏酸钠上调SDF-1蛋白、mRNA的表达更加明显。SOD亦能上调SDF-1蛋白、mRNA的表达。结论：在缺血性急性肾衰竭中,阿魏酸钠可促进肾组织表达SDF-1,可能是促进造血干细胞（HSC）向肾脏归巢、加速损伤肾脏修复的机制之一。     

肾组织移植对大鼠促红细胞生成素蛋白表达的实验研究

目的：探讨肾组织移植对大鼠促红细胞生成素（EPO）蛋白表达的影响.方法：以Wistar雄性大鼠建立慢性肾衰竭（CRF）动物模型为受体,将鼠婴肾组织块多点植入受体肾包膜下,在实验过程中监测肾功能及血红蛋白的改变,同时采用Western Blot法和免疫组化方法检测肾组织EPO蛋白的表达情况.结果：模型组、rHu-EPO组及肾移植组中大鼠分别出现死亡现象,且其肾功能均较明显减退,与正常组分别比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;实验30 ～60 d间期rHu-EPO组、肾移植组的Hb水平比模型组显著升高（P＜0.05）;Western Blot法和免疫组化方法检测肾移植组EPO蛋白表达显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）.结论：肾组织移植可以促进肾组织EPO蛋白表达,从而改善肾性贫血.     

复方莪术散对大鼠子宫内膜异位症基质细胞衍生因子-1及其受体表达的影响

目的:观察子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位内膜组织基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)及其趋化因子受体(CXCR4)的表达情况,并探讨复方莪术散对其表达的影响。方法:自体移植法建立非动情期SD大鼠子宫内膜异位症模型,PCR法检测大鼠在位、异位内膜组织及正常在位子宫内膜组织SDF-1和CXCR4的m RNA表达,分析各组统计学差异;造模21 d后,分组连续给药28 d,对比观察中药复方莪术散(高、中、低剂量组各10只)与模型组(10只)异位症内膜组织中SDF-1 m RNA,CXCR4 m RNA的表达差异。结果:SDF-1 m RNA和CXCR4 m RNA在大鼠异位内膜组织高表达,与在位内膜组织及正常子宫内膜组织比较有统计学差异(P0.05);各治疗组异位内膜组织SDF-1m RNA表达均下降,高剂量组(0.646±0.264)与中、低剂量组(1.001±0.160、1.714±0.343)比较降低明显,且各组间比较有统计学意义(P0.05);各治疗组CXCR4 m RNA表达有下降趋势,复方莪术散高剂量(0.587±0.476)和复方莪术散中剂量(1.408±0.252)组CXCR4 m RNA表达分别与模型组(3.004±0.264)比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:SDF-1、CXCR4在大鼠在位内膜组织中的表达高于正常子宫内膜组织,其表达可能与大鼠子宫内膜异位症的发病机制存在一定关系。复方莪术散可明显降低异位内膜组织中SDF-1、CXCR4表达,对子宫内膜异位症有一定治疗作用。     

ARA290抑制糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡

目的探讨促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)衍生肽ARA290对糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法采用链脲菌素腹腔注射制备糖尿病大鼠模型。将成模大鼠随机分为4组:糖尿病模型组(DM组)皮下注射生理盐水0.5 mL,隔日1次;ARA290治疗组(DA组)皮下注射ARA290(50 U/kg),隔日1次;EPOR阻断肽+ARA290治疗组(DAEB组)皮下注射EPOR阻断肽(10μg/kg)和ARA290(50 U/kg),隔日1次;CD131阻断肽+ARA290治疗组(DACB组)皮下注射CD131阻断肽(10μg/kg)和ARA290(50 U/kg),隔日1次。同时设立正常对照组(NC组),皮下注射生理盐水0.5 mL,隔日1次。药物干预12周后检测大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)、尿N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶(N-acetylglucosidase,NAG)、β_2微球蛋白(β_2-microglobulin,β_2-MG)、α_1微球蛋白(α_1-microglobulin,α_1-MG)、血肌酐(Scr)。肾组织切片HE染色,观察肾脏病理变化。采用免疫荧光检测肾脏EPO受体(EPO receptor,EPOR)、CD131的表达,TUNEL染色检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,免疫组化及Western印迹检测大鼠肾脏Caspase-3表达。结果免疫荧光检测显示大鼠肾脏表达EPOR、CD131,且两者存在共定位表达;TUNEL检测显示ARA290可以抑制糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡;免疫组化及Western印迹检测显示ARA290降低糖尿病大鼠肾脏Caspase-3表达;生化检测显示ARA290可以降低糖尿病大鼠UAER、尿NAG、β_2-MG、α_1-MG、Scr,HE染色显示ARA290可以减轻肾脏病理损伤。此外,给予糖尿病大鼠ARA290和EPOR或CD131阻断肽皮下注射后,ARA290抑制糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡、降低早期肾脏病变指标及减轻肾脏病理损伤的作用减弱。结论大鼠肾脏表达EPOR和CD131,EPO衍生肽ARA290可通过EPOR、CD131介导抑制糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,发挥肾脏保护作用。     

肛周脓肿局部组织中SDF-1和CXCR4的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨肛周脓肿局部组织中基质细胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)和趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)的表达情况及其与患者临床病理学特征及预后的关系。方法回顾性收集2017年1月至2018年2月期间在北京市第一中西医结合医院进行手术治疗的47例肛周脓肿患者(肛周脓肿组)及58例混合痔患者(混合痔组)的临床资料。术中采集组织,采用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)法检测2组局部组织中SDF-1 mRNA和CXCR4mRNA的表达水平,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测局部组织中SDF-1蛋白和CXCR4蛋白的表达,分析SDF-1蛋白和CXCR4蛋白的表达与肛周脓肿患者临床病理学特征以及复发的关系。结果肛周脓肿组组织中SDF-1mRNA和CXCR4 mRNA的表达水平均相应高于混合痔组,且肛周脓肿组组织中SDF-1蛋白和CXCR4蛋白的表达阳性率也均相应高于混合痔组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肛周脓肿患者组织中SDF-1蛋白和CXCR4蛋白的表达与患者的性别、年龄、脓肿位置及病程均无关(P0.05),但均与脓肿直径、愈合时间及肛瘘有关(P0.05)。SDF-1蛋白阴性组和CXCR4蛋白阴性组的术后未复发率均相应低于SDF-1蛋白阳性组及CXCR4蛋白阳性组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SDF-1和CXCR4分子在肛周脓肿局部组织中的表达上调,且SDF-1蛋白和CXCR4蛋白的表达与脓肿直径、愈合时间、肛瘘形成以及复发有关。     

肾缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与肾小管坏死评分的相关性研究

目的探讨肾缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)大鼠基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)-1、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)与肾小管坏死评分的相关性。方法将60只SD大鼠随机分成手术组、假手术组两组,每组各30只。根据手术后检测时间不同,每组再分为6个不同时段的亚组(1、6、12、24、48、72 h组),每个亚组有5只大鼠。手术组建立大鼠肾IRI模型,假手术组大鼠仅予游离双侧肾动脉后缝合切口。检测各个时间点肾功能、肾小管坏死评分及肾脏组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达变化。对手术组大鼠肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与肾功能和肾小管坏死评分进行Pearson直线相关分析。结果手术组术后血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)较术前及相应时间段假手术亚组明显升高(均为P0.05),且于术后12 h显著升高,高峰期在术后48 h。手术组肾小管坏死评分随时间的延长逐渐增高(均为P0.05);肾小管坏死评分最高在手术48 h组(P0.05)。与手术1 h组比较,手术6 h组大鼠肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达开始明显增多(均为P0.05);手术后48 h达高峰,于手术后72 h开始下降。手术组的肾组织SDF-1、ICAM-1表达与术后各时间段BUN、Scr、肾小管坏死评分呈正相关(r=0.614、0.662、0.751;0.640、0.703、0.785;均为P0.05)。结论当大鼠肾组织发生IRI时,SDF-1、ICAM-1表达上调,BUN、Scr升高,肾小管坏死评分升高,而且SDF-1、ICAM-1的表达与BUN、Scr、肾小管坏死评分呈正相关,提示SDF-1、ICAM-1表达增高程度可以作为反映肾IRI后严重程度的指标。     

慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾组织微血管损伤机制及温阳活血方的干预作用

目的:研究慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾组织微血管损伤机制及温阳活血方对其干预作用,探讨温阳活血方对慢性马兜铃酸肾病的保护作用机制.方法:将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组.(1)正常对照组(n=8):予生理盐水灌胃;(2)模型组(n=10):按关木通水煎液10 ml·kg-1·d-1(相当于关木通40 g·kg-1·d-1,马兜铃酸A 2.6 mg·kg-1·d-1)给大鼠灌胃;(3)中药组(n=10):在模型组基础上,再予温阳活血方30 g·kg-1·d-1灌胃;(4)西药组(n=10):在模型组基础上,再予科素亚33.3 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃;(5)中西药结合组(n=10):在模型组基础上,再予温阳活血方30 g·kg-1·d-1 科素亚33.3 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃.20周末,光镜观察肾脏病理,采用CD 34免疫组化染色来反映肾组织微血管的损伤情况,实时PCR检测肾组织中Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-2和VEGF mRNA的表达.结果:(1)与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠肾组织CD34表达明显降低(P＜0.01);而治疗组大鼠肾组织CD34表达较模型组明显升高(P＜0.05),其中尤以中药组明显(P＜0.01);(2)与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠肾组织Ang-1、Tie-2、VEGF mRNA表达明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),Ang-2表达明显升高(P＜0.01);而治疗组大鼠肾组织Ang-1、Tie-2、VEGF mRNA表达较模型组明显升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),中西药结合组Ang-2表达明显减少(P＜0.01).结论:慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾组织存在微血管的损伤,其损伤机制可能与Ang-1、Tie-2和VEGF mRNA的下调,Ang-2 mRNA上调有关,温阳活血方能明显改善微血管的损伤,对慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用.     

Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on renal injury in rats with chronic renal failure

Objective To observe the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) gene on the expression of renal BMP-7, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), further to explore its protective mechanism on renal injury in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods BMSCs with high expression of BMP-7 gene (BMSCs-BMP-7) and empty vector-BMSCs (BMSCs-EV) were obtained by lentiviral-mediated gene transfection. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 6 in each group: normal control (CON) group; PBS intervention (CRF with PBS infusion, CRF+PBS) group; BMSCs intervention (CRF with BMSCs infusion, CRF+BMSCs) group; BMSCs-EV intervention (CRF with BMSCs-empty vector infusion, CRF+BMSCs-EV) group and BMSCs-BMP-7 intervention (CRF with BMSCs-BMP-7 infusion, CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7) group. The CRF model was established by 5/6 nephrectomy. The CON group was a sham operation group. The corresponding 12-weeks interventions of each experimental group were performed after 2 weeks of modeling, the rats in the CON group and the CRF+PBS group were injected with 1 ml of PBS through the tail vein, and the other three groups were injected with 1 ml of the corresponding cell suspension once a week. At the time of sacrifice, blood and renal tissue samples were reserved. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured by routine biochemical methods, and the expression of BMP-7, VEGF, TGF-β1 in kidney was assayed by Western blotting. Results At the time of sacrifice, the levels of Scr and BUN in the CRF+PBS group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (all P＜0.01); Compared with the CRF+PBS group, the Scr and BUN of the CRF+BMSCs group, CRF+BMSCs-EV group and CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group were decreased to different extents, the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.01); the Scr and BUN of the CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group were significantly lower than CRF+BMSCs group and CRF+BMSCs-EV group (all P＜0.05). The expression of BMP-7 and VEGF were the lowest in the CRF+PBS group. Compared with the CRF+PBS group, the expression of BMP-7 and VEGF in the CRF+BMSCs group, CRF+BMSCs-EV group and CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group were significantly increased respectively (all P＜0.05). The expression of the BMP-7 and VEGF in the CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group were higher than those in the CRF+BMSCs group and CRF+BMSCs-EV group (P＜0.01). Compared with the CON group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the CRF+PBS group was significantly increased (P＜0.01); compared with the CRF+PBS group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the CRF+BMSCs group, CRF+BMSCs-EV and CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group was significantly decreased (all P＜0.01); the expression of TGF-β1 in the CRF+BMSCs-BMP-7 group was lower than the CRF+BMSCs and CRF+BMSCs-EV group (both P＜0.01). Conclusions BMSCs modified by BMP-7 has a protective effect on CRF rats; its protective mechanism may be related to antagonizing TGF-β1 and up-regulation of renal VEGF expression.     

Erythropoietin mobilizes renal progenitor cells to reduce ischemic reperfusion injury in rats with nephron-sparing surgery

Objective To investigate the effects of the erythropoietin (EPO) on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats with nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). Methods Fifty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly after right kidney nephrectomy: Sham group, NSS group (PBS+NSS) and EPO group (EPO+NSS). During NSS, renal artery was clamped for 40 min to induce IRI. Sham group just adopted exposure renal artery without vascular clamped. Rats in NSS group were injected intraperitoneally with PBS for 3 days before NSS. Rats in EPO group were injected intraperitoneally with EPO for 3 days before NSS. After 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, blood sample and renal tissues were collected. The serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. The pathology injury was evaluated by HE staining. The CD24/CD133 double-positived renal progenitor cells (RPCs) were tested by flow cytometry. The CD133 and PCNA protein were quantified by immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of Wnt7b and β-catenin protein were detected by Western blotting. Results Rats in NSS group had more elevated Scr, BUN and pathology injury scores 12 h, 24 h and 72 h after operation than those in Sham group (all P＜0.05). Compared with those in the NSS group, the Scr and BUN in the EPO group were significantly lower 24 h after the surgery (all P＜0.05), and the pathology injury score also decreased (P＜0.05). The proportion of RPCs, expressions of CD133 and PCNA, and expressions of Wnt7b and β-catenin protein were significantly higher after 24 h of the surgery in NSS group than those in the Sham group (all P＜0.05). While compared with those in the NSS group, the proportion of RPCs and expressions of CD133, PCNA, Wnt7b and β-catenin increased at the EPO group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions EPO can reduce the IRI after NSS, and its mechanism may be related to the mobilization of the RPCs by the Wnt7b/β-catenin signal pathway.     

血管新生调控因子及其受体随增龄在小鼠肾组织内的表达

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体（VEGFR）、血管生成素（Ang-1、Ang-2）及其受体（Tie2）在增龄小鼠肾脏中的表达,以及它们在肾脏衰老中的作用。 方法 选取4月龄、9月龄、12月龄及20月龄C57小鼠各6只,留取尿液及血液标本,应用常规生化法测定各组小鼠肾功能。用PAS染色对各组小鼠进行肾脏病理染色及分析;荧光染料肾脏灌注对肾小球毛细血管丛密度进行分析。应用免疫组化、免疫荧光、Western印迹及实时定量PCR方法分析肾脏转化生长因子（TGF-β1）及VEGF、VEGFR2（血管内皮生长因子受体2,Flk-1）、Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie2的蛋白及基因表达的变化。 结果 随着增龄,小鼠肾小球硬化指数（GSI）增加,其中20月龄约为4月龄的5倍（P < 0.05）。荧光染料肾脏灌注后见肾小球毛细血管内荧光强度呈减少趋势,20月龄显著低于4月龄（P < 0.05）。免疫组化结果显示,TGF-β1在肾小球及肾小管间质中的表达呈增多趋势,且以肾小球内增多较显著,各组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。免疫荧光结果显示,Ang-1在肾小球内的表达呈减少趋势,20月龄较4月龄显著减少（P < 0.05）。实时定量PCR结果显示,不同月龄小鼠肾组织内VEGF、Flk-1、Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie2的mRNA表达水平均呈下降趋势,20月龄与4月龄间VEGF、Flk-1及Ang-2差异无统计学意义,而Ang-1和Tie2差异有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。Western印迹结果显示,4组小鼠肾脏VEGF、Flk-1、Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie2的蛋白表达水平也呈下降趋势,且20月龄与4月龄差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）;TGF-β1的表达量呈增多趋势,其中20月龄较4月龄增多约40%（P < 0.05）。相关分析结果显示,肾小球毛细血管密度、Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie2、VEGF、Flk-1的mRNA及蛋白水平均与Scr呈负相关。 结论 随衰老程度加重,小鼠肾组织内血管内皮生长因子及其受体、血管生成素及其受体的表达减少,且与增龄肾脏的形态学改变及肾功能改变相关。     

Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment protects the cardio-renal axis in a model of moderate chronic renal failure

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients develop anemia because of the low kidney erythropoietin (EPO) production, thus promoting cardiovascular complications. The degree of renal insufficiency might determine the moment to start recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy, but the molecular basis for these options deserves better elucidation. This study aimed to clarify the cardio-renal effects of earlier rhEPO therapy in rats with moderate chronic renal failure (CRF). Four groups of rats were evaluated for 15 weeks (control; rhEPO ? 50 IU/kg/week; CRF ? 3/4 nephrectomy; CRF + rhEPO) to assess renal and hematology data, EPO levels, blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral catecholamines contents, serum-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), kidney gene expression of EPO, Caspase 9 (Casp9), and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf). This model of moderate CRF showed moderate and corrected anemia, hypertension, tachycardia, sympathetic overactivity, and increased serum TGF-β1 content. The remnant kidney showed a proliferative profile, with hypertrophy, downregulated gene expression of EPO, and upregulated gene expression of Vegf and Casp9. rhEPO treatment promoted erythrocytosis and prevented tachycardia and catecholamines increment, with a rise of serum TGF-β1. Furthermore, the decreased kidney gene expression of EPO and the overexpression of Casp9 were prevented, demonstrating a renoprotective action on the remnant kidney. In conclusion, rhEPO therapy promotes a protective effect on the cardio-renal axis, which might be mainly attributed to its pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties. These findings might recommend its use in earlier stages of CRF, acting as an erythropoiesis stimulating agent, to efficiently correct not only the anemia, one of the major complications in these patients, but also the succeeding adverse cardio-renal effects.     

大鼠慢性牙周炎与慢性肾衰竭模型的建立及相关性研究

目的 用SD大鼠建立慢性牙周炎（CP）和慢性肾衰竭（CRF）动物模型,探讨两种疾病是否相关。 方法 将40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只：正常对照组、CP组、CRF组和CP＋CRF组。于8周末处死动物,检查记录牙周指标,检测血清中血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、白细胞介素（IL）1β、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α的含量,观察牙周和肾脏组织病理学改变,进行统计学分析。 结果 成功建立了CP和CRF动物模型。CP＋CRF组Scr（120.54±21.29） μmol/L, BUN（34.20±14.44） mmol/L;CRF组Scr（93.63±18.82） μmol/L,BUN（17.77±4.15） mmol/L,两组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。肾脏病理显示,CP组肾组织出现炎性改变,CP＋CRF组肾脏炎细胞浸润,PAS、Masson染色评分与CRF组差异有统计学意义。牙周病理显示,CP组、CP＋CRF组出现明显牙周炎,CP＋CRF组附着丧失（AL）（173.60±16.75）μm,CP组AL（124.00±23.87） μm,两组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。CP组、CRF组、CP＋CRF组血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著高于正常对照组 （P < 0.05）,CP＋CRF组IL-1β显著高于CP组、CRF组（P < 0.05）,CP＋CRF组TNF-α水平高于CP组、CRF组,且与CP组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2×2析因设计方差分析结果显示,CP与CRF对Scr、BUN、AL的数值具有交互作用（P < 0.05）,且两因素各自对上述指标的主效应显著（P < 0.05）;CP与CRF对IL-1β、TNF-α的数值不具有交互作用（P > 0.05）,但两因素各自对IL-1β、TNF-α的主效应显著（P < 0.05）。 结论 本模型可在SD大鼠同时显现牙周炎和慢性肾衰竭,CP可加重肾衰竭,两者间有相关性,CP可能通过炎性机制加重肾脏的损害。     

外源性硫化氢在大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用

目的 观察不同剂量外源性硫化氢(H2S)供体硫氢化钠对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤( IRI)的保护作用.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠28只随机分为4组,即假手术组( Sham)、肾缺血再灌注(IR)组、硫氢化钠(NaHS)高剂量组、硫氢化钠低剂量组.大鼠右肾切除后,以NaHS作为硫化氢的供体,NaHS高、低剂量组分别经左肾动脉插管,按照1.5 μmol/min、300 nmol/min的剂量连续15 min给药,假手术组及IR组给予同体积生理盐水.停药5 min 后,NaHS组和IR组用无损伤微动脉夹夹闭左侧肾蒂45 min后解除阻断,建立大鼠急性IRI模型,假手术组不夹闭左肾动脉,其他操作同模型组.于肾脏恢复血流24h时留取血和肾组织标本,检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr);半定量分析肾脏病理损伤;检测肾组织H2S生成率;采用实时定量PCR法检测胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS)、胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE )mRNA表达.结果 与假手术组相比,IR组H2S生成率显著降低(P＜0.01);CBS、CSE mRNA表达显著下降(P＜0.01 );Scr、BUN显著升高(P＜0.01);肾脏病理表现为急性肾小管坏死,且最严重.与IR组相比,NaHS预处理组H2S生成率升高(P＜0.05);CBS、CSE mRNA表达升高(P＜0.01 );Scr、BUN降低(P＜0.01);病理损伤明显减轻.NaHS两个剂量组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 外源性H2S对大鼠IRI具有保护作用.     

The effect of irbesartan on the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 2 in the kidneys of type2 diabetes rats

Objective To observe the effect of irbesartan on the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in the diabetic rats kidney and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of sixty male SD rats were divided into normal control group (NC group, n=15) and experimental group (n=45) randomly. The experimental group was fed with high sugar-fat diet and given a low dose streptozocin（STZ 30 mg/kg）to establish type 2 diabetic model. Rats successfully induced diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetes group (DM) and irbesartan group (DI). Weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), 24 hour urinary albumin(UAL) and renal histomorphology were observed after drug intervention at the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. The expression of ANGPTL2 in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results The levels of Scr, BUN, TG, TC and UAL in group DM were higher than in group NC at the 4th, 8th and 12th week (all P＜0.05).Compared with that in group DM, above indexes were lower in group DI at the 4th, 8th and 12th week (all P＜0.05). The pathological changes of the kidney in group DM were more serious than that in group DI. The expression of ANGPTL2 in group DM was much higher than that in group NC at the 4th, 8th and 12th week (all P＜0.05), and irbesartan treatment inhibited the up-regulation of ANGPTL2 in group DI(all P＜0.05). Conclusion The expression of ANGPTL2 increases in T2DM rats kidney tissue with time and irbesartan can inhibit the up-regulation of ANGPTL2 in T2DM rats.     

STF-083010对肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察STF083010对急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤的作用,探讨其损伤保护作用的机制.方法 选择健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(打开腹腔)、I-R组(建立大鼠肾I-R损伤模型)与STF083010组.分别在缺血-再灌注24h后处死大鼠,取血液和肾组织.全自动生化仪检测各组血清尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(Scr)水平.PAS染色观察大鼠肾组织病理变化,免疫组化检测肾脏组织中XBP1、GRP78蛋白的表达.Quantitative real-time PCR(QPCR)测定大鼠肾组织标本中XBP1、GRP78 mRNA水平.结果 I-R组肌酐、尿素氮水平与假手术组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).STF-083010组与I-R组相比,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PAS病理图片可见STF-083010组肾小管损伤较I-R组明显减轻(P＜0.05);免疫组化检测显示STF-083010组XBP1的表达较I-R组明显降低(P＜0.05),STF-083010组GRP78蛋白的表达较I/R组明显升高;QPCR结果显示STF-083010组XBP1 mRNA水平较I-R组明显降低(P＜0.05),STF-083010组GRP78 mRNA较I-R组明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 STF-083010可以对大鼠肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤性保护作用.     

肾衰康延缓慢性肾衰竭进展的实验研究

目的：探讨肾衰康延缓慢性肾衰竭（CRF）进展的疗效及机理。方法：采用5／6肾切除大鼠CRF模型,随机分为模型组、洛汀新组及肾衰康组治疗,观察各组Scr、BUN及尿中细胞外基质成分（ECM）排泄量。结果：洛汀新组及肾衰康组Scr及BUN均显低于模型组（P＜0．01及P＜0．05）,而肾衰康组Scr又低于洛汀新组（P＜0．05）,肾衰康组尿中Ⅳ型胶原（Col-Ⅳ）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）及层粘连蛋白（LN）含量均明显比模型组高（P＜0．01）。结论：肾衰康有延缓CRF进展的作用,其机理可能与促进ECM成分从尿中排泄,从而减轻肾小球内ECM的聚集有关。但肾衰康对ECM是抑制合成还是促进降解尚需进一步探讨。