太极拳运动对慢性心力衰竭患者康复的作用

目的:观察长期太极拳运动对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者康复的作用。方法:选择CHF患者150例(心功能Ⅱ级),随机分为常规治疗对照组(简称对照组,70例)和太极拳运动康复组(康复组,80例),对照组给予标准心力衰竭常规药物治疗,康复组在常规药物治疗的基础上进行太极拳康复运动,为期6个月。两组患者于入组时及6个月期满时分别测试心功能级别、生活质量评分、6 min步行距离(6 MWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)。结果:与对照组比较,康复组在心功能分级、生活质量评分[(45.4±12.2)分∶(32.6±14.5)分]、6 MWT[(461±102)m∶(554±94)m]、LVEF[(39.62±7.28)%∶(48.63±9.37)%]、LVEDd[(65.3±8.1)mm∶(60.7±6.5)mm]均有明显改善(P0.01)。结论:太极拳运动能有效改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能和生活质量,促进患者的康复。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察卡维地洛对慢性心力衰竭病人心功能的影响。方法100例慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)病人,心功能(Ⅱ~Ⅳ)级,卡维地洛从小剂量开始,逐渐递增,实验中严密检测各相关指标。结果随访12个月,治疗后心功能明显改善(P<0.05),6min距离较治疗前后有明显进步(P<0.001),超声心动图示左室射血分数(LVEF)明显增加(P<0.001),同时血浆心脏脑钠素(BNP)显著下降(P<0.05)。结论卡维地洛可使正在接受地高辛、利尿剂和血管紧张素转换酶(ACEI)抑制剂治疗的慢性心力衰竭病人心功能明显改善,且能显著改善心脏内分泌功能。     

培哚普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的评价培哚普利在老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者中应用的安全性及疗效.方法73例老年CHF患者,男50例,女23例,平均年龄63岁,心功Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数(LVEF)≤45%.从小剂量开始使用培哚普利,只要能耐受,递增至4～8mg/d,治疗中严密观察监测各项指标.结果平均随访时间20周,随访期间死亡4例,其中猝死2例,心力衰竭1例,非心脏原因死亡1例.治疗后心功能较治疗前明显改善[(2.04±0.66)比(3.04±0.63),P＜0.001];6min步行距离也有较明显改善[(330.11±18.32)m比(240.19±16.83),P＜0.01];超声心动图检查示左室舒张末径(LVEDD)和收缩末径(LVESD)减小[(61.07±9.86)mm比(63.76±10.10)mm和(47.20±11.06)mm比(51.59±10.97)m,P＜0.01];LVEF(%)明显增加[(43.80±10.40)%比(34.79±8.21)%,P＜0.01].本组患者治疗后血压略有下降,血钾略升高,但均在正常范围,血肌酐无明显变化.结论应用培哚普利治疗老年心力衰竭是安全的,并且能提高老年患者生活质量,改善心功能,增加LVEF.     

红细胞分布宽度和血清尿酸检测老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后的临床意义

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、血清尿酸对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后价值及相关性。方法收集2009年2月²012年2月住我院干部心脏内科的老年CHF患者322例作为病例组,按心功能分级(NYHA):心功能Ⅱ级110例,心功能Ⅲ级122例,心功能Ⅳ级90例,同时收集同期健康体检者150例作为对照组。2组晨起空腹采静脉血,检测治疗前后RDW、尿酸水平,并进行分析比较。结果病例组RDW、尿酸水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(15.87±2.02)%vs(11.15±0.76)%,(467.83±77.88)μmol/L vs(219.90±50.65)μmol/L,P<0.05];心功能Ⅲ级患者RDW和尿酸水平与心功能Ⅱ级和心功能Ⅳ级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。不同心功能患者治疗前后RDW和尿酸水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RDW、尿酸可能有助于判断心力衰竭治疗效果、心力衰竭严重程度及预后。     

运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后的影响

目的:探讨康复运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能和预后的影响。方法:82例老年冠心病CHF患者被随机均分为常规治疗组(接受CHF常规治疗)和运动康复组(在常规治疗基础上接受运动康复训练)。比较两组治疗前后每搏量(SV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6MWD)及NYHA心功能分级的变化,随访12月,比较两组因CHF再次住院率和心源性死亡率。结果:治疗前两组SV、LVEF、6MWD及心功能分级差异无显著性(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组SV、LVEF和6MWD均显著增加,NYHA心功能分级均显著降低,P均0.01。与常规治疗组比较,治疗后运动康复组SV[(50.8±5.9)ml比(58.6±6.2)ml],LVEF[(44.9±6.7)%比(50.2±7.2)%]和6MWD[(139.7±18.9)m比(175.2±21.4)m]显著增加,NYHA心功能分级[(2.1±0.5)级比(1.7±0.6)级]显著降低,P均0.01。随访12个月期间,运动康复组因CHF再住院率显著低于常规治疗组(9.8%比26.8%),P0.05。结论:运动康复训练可改善老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的心脏功能,提高运动耐力,改善预后,有临床推广应用价值。     

冠状动脉介入治疗术治疗慢性闭塞病变伴侧支循环的缺血性顽固性心力衰竭

目的:评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)对慢性闭塞病变伴侧支循环形成的缺血性顽固性心力衰竭患者心功能的改善作用。方法:47例经冠状动脉造影证实为慢性闭塞病变伴侧支循环形成的缺血性顽固性心力衰竭患者行PCI治疗,使再血管化。治疗前和治疗后6个月进行6min步行距离及超声心动图检查,评价PCI对患者心功能的影响。结果:与术前相比,患者临床心功能明显改善、6min步行距离明显增加[(125±36)∶(385±48)m,P<0.05]、左室射血分数明显改善[(36.7±6.6)%∶(48.1±7.4)%,P<0.05]。结论:PCI可以改善慢性闭塞病变伴侧支循环形成的缺血性顽固性心力衰竭心功能,提高生活质量。     

慢性心力衰竭时脂联素的表达

目的:研究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清脂联素浓度的变化及意义.方法:CHF患者77例,按NYHA心功能分级分为Ⅰ级(Ⅰ组)19例、Ⅱ级(Ⅱ组)13例、Ⅲ级(Ⅲ组)22例、Ⅳ级(Ⅳ组)23例;19例无CHF者作为对照组.检测所有对象清晨空腹的血清脂联素和血浆脑钠肽(BNP),并对两者的变化进行比较,分析其与CHF的相关性.结果:CHF患者的血清脂联素水平和血浆BNP水平均明显高于对照组[(12.11±5.21)∶(6.62±2.32)mg/L,P<0.01]和[(491.80±460.26)∶(26.24±16.89),P<0.01].两者间具有正相关关系(r=0.459,P<0.01).结论:CHF患者的血清脂联素水平显著升高,其变化幅度对评价心功能的程度和转归可能均有一定的参考价值.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对慢性心力衰竭患者认知功能障碍的改善作用

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)伴认知功能障碍患者认知功能的改善作用。方法选取2017年9月年至2019年2月江苏省荣军医院住院治疗及无锡市山北街道合并认知功能障碍的CHF患者60例,采用随机数表法将患者分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者的治疗包括病因治疗、去除诱因、改善心力衰竭等传统疗法,治疗组在对照组基础上给予ACEI治疗。分别采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)分别评估患者的认知功能、焦虑和抑郁状况。采用SPSS 21.0统计软件分析数据。结果干预前,2组患者MoCA各项评分及总分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后,与对照组相比,治疗组患者MoCA各项评分均有所增加,其中视空间及执行能力[(4.27±0.52)vs(2.70±0.54)分]和总分值[(24.70±1.09)vs(22.23±1.43)分]差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。与干预前比较,治疗组干预后各项MoCA评分均增加,其中总分[(24.70±1.09)vs(22.60±1.54)分]和视空间及执行能力[(4.27±0.52)vs(2.77±0.68)分]差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预前及干预后,2组患者间心功能、左室射血分数、焦虑、抑郁评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);各组干预前后上述指标比较差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间2组患者心功能始终处于稳定状态,均未诱发急性心功能衰竭,药物治疗种类及方案也未调整。2组患者均未出现严重不良反应,亦未出现新的合并症。结论 ACEI类药物能够改善CHF患者的认知功能,提高患者的执行能力。     

心型脂肪酸结合蛋白与慢性心力衰竭的相关性及对预后的评价

目的探讨心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)和慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的关系,以及对预后的影响。方法选取CHF患者120例(实验组),其中心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅱ级40例,Ⅲ级48例,Ⅳ级32例,健康体检者30例(对照组)。比较2组血清H-FABP水平。实验组随访20个月,将H-FABP>10μg/L作为阳性,≤10μg/L作为阴性。观察心脏事件(心源性死亡和心力衰竭再住院)。结果实验组血清H-FABP水平明显高于对照组[(10.13±4.97)μg/L vs(0.18±0.21)μg/L,P<0.01];H-FABP随着心功能分级(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)的增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组H-FABP水平与B型利钠肽呈正相关(P<0.01)。实验组出院后随访20个月,H-FABP阳性患者病死率、CHF再住院率明显高于阴性患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,H-FABP水平是20个月心脏事件的危险因素。结论检测血清H-FABP可判断CHF严重程度及评估预后。     

老年心力衰竭患者心功能与血浆B型钠尿肽和尿酸的相关性研究

目的探讨老年心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能与血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)和血尿酸的相关性。方法选择132例老年CHF患者作为CHF组,并按心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级26例、Ⅱ级38例、Ⅲ级40例、Ⅳ级28例。同期选择健康体检者50例作为对照组。分别测定血浆BNP及血尿酸水平,比较不同心功能级别入选患者的血浆BNP水平和血尿酸水平。结果 CHF组患者血浆BNP和血尿酸水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(784.19±206.00)ng/L vs(41.25±15.34)ng/L,(405.24±90.16)μmol/L vs(286.43±78.68)μmol/L,P<0.01];不同心功能分级患者血浆BNP和血尿酸水平两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);CHF时,BNP与心功能分级、血尿酸、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)呈正相关(r=0.76、0.33、0.22,P<0.05);与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.34,P<0.05);尿酸与心功能分级、LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.41、0.23,P<0.05);与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.24,P<0.05)。结论血浆BNP和血尿酸水平与心功能分级可能具有相关性。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.