先天性下胫腓关节分离二例

先天性下胫腓关节分离二例黄耀添，李明全，刘健例１：男，１岁。出生时发现两足下垂内翻伴胫骨短缩畸形，于１９８５年１２月２１日入院。体检：双侧胫骨较腓骨短缩２．０ｃｍ，下胫腓关节分离，踝关节变宽，双足下垂内翻畸形。双手有并指及多指畸形。Ｘ线摄片检查见胫骨...     

一种新的儿童先天性胫骨假关节的X线分型

目的 探讨一种新的儿童先天性胫骨假关节的X线分型,为临床治疗和判断预后提供依据.方法 回顾性分析本单位2004年至2014年期间收治的171例先天性胫骨假关节患儿的X线片,男125例(73％),女46例(27％),手术时平均年龄42.5个月.胫骨X线表现包括以下四种情况:Ⅰ型,胫骨前弓,在畸形的顶点处骨皮质增厚、但骨髓腔正常;Ⅱ型,胫骨前弓,在畸形的顶点处髓腔狭窄、骨皮质增厚和骨小梁的缺失;Ⅲ型,胫骨囊性病变,可以发生在胫骨的任何部位;Ⅳ型,胫骨假关节.腓骨X线表现包括以下四种情况:a:腓骨发育正常;b:腓骨发育不良(腓骨直径小于健侧腓骨直径);c:腓骨囊性变,多数发生在腓骨下1/3;d:腓骨假关节.根据患儿就诊时胫骨和腓骨的X线表现,提出一种新的X线分型方法.无论患儿是否曾经历手术治疗、是否有内外固定.结果 171例儿童先天性胫骨假关节按新的X线分型方法,不同类型的病例数如下:Ⅰa型9例,Ⅰb型3例,Ⅰc型3例,Ⅰd型4例.Ⅱa型9例,Ⅱb型15例,Ⅱc型3例,Ⅱd型6例.Ⅲa型6例,Ⅲb型12例,Ⅲc型8例,Ⅲd型17例.Ⅳa型13例,Ⅳb型10例,Ⅳc型4例,Ⅳd型49例.结论 结合儿童先天性胫骨假关节的胫骨和腓骨的X线表现、提出的这种新的X线分型方法,能够囊括目前本单位所有的病例.有可能为先天性胫骨假关节的治疗、术后并发症的防治、预后判断提供重要的指导作用,但仍有待进一步研究.     

小儿单纯下胫腓联合分离的诊断和治疗

下胫腓联合分离在踝关节损伤中较多见 ,但对于小儿单纯下胫腓联合分离诊断及治疗较困难。我们自 1 998年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,共收治 8例患儿 ,通过X线片、CT检查及手术治疗 ,随访0 .7～ 1 .5年 ,效果满意 ,总结如下。资料与方法一、一般资料本组共 8例 ,其中男 5例 ,女 3例。年龄 2 .3～ 8.6岁 ,平均 4 .2岁。受伤时间1d～ 6个月 ,平均 1 .2个月。新鲜损伤 3例 ,陈旧损伤 5例。 8例患儿均拍X线片 ,其中 2例可疑为阳性 ,6例二次X线片并双侧对比 ,8例行CT检查均为阳性。二、方法8例均采用全麻。取外踝前内方弧形切口约 8～ 1 2cm长 ,打…     

三合一骨融合术在儿童先天性胫骨假关节联合手术中的应用

目的 探讨采取联合手术同时行三合一骨融合术治疗儿童腓骨完整型先天性胫骨假关节的短期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年3月至2015年8月采取联合手术(切除胫骨假关节及病变组织、经足踝髓内棒固定、伊氏架外固定装置加压固定)的同时,行三合一骨融合术(腓骨近端截骨、胫骨假关节远近二个骨端与局部完整的腓骨三者融合、取自体髂骨包裹式植骨)治疗17例腓骨完整型先天性胫骨假关节患儿的临床资料.17例均为单侧,术时平均年龄为3岁(1.1～7.7岁).其中,男12例,女5例;左侧7例,右侧10例.3岁以下者10例(占59％),2例既往有1次胫骨假关节手术史;均伴腓骨完整.伴有胫骨近端发育不良4例,1型神经纤维瘤病10例;11例患儿存在胫骨短缩,胫骨平均短缩1.6 cm (0.3～3.4 cm).术中行腓骨近端截骨、切除胫骨假关节及病变组织、经足踝髓内棒固定、伊氏架外固定装置加压固定、胫骨假关节二个骨端与腓骨融合、取自体髂骨包裹式植骨,2例同时行胫腓骨截骨延长.初步评价胫骨假关节患儿的早期愈合率,再骨折发生率,踝外翻、胫骨不等长和胫骨外翻等后遗畸形的发生情况.结果 本组平均手术时间4.1 h(3.3～4.2 h).所有患儿均获得完整随访,平均随访时间19.5个月(9～26个月).17例患儿均实现初期愈合,平均愈合时间4.9个月(4.1～7.8个月),初期愈合率为100％.13例(76％)患儿存在胫骨不等长,平均胫骨不等长1.2 cm(0.5～2 cm);6例(35％)患儿发生胫骨近端外翻,平均外翻7.8°(5～16°),均行胫骨近端内侧“8”字形钢板螺钉半侧骺板阻滞术予以矫正;2例患儿发生踝外翻,分别为12°、17°.术后胫骨假关节愈合区域的横断面积平均增大至胫骨远近端骨干处横断面积的1.74倍(1.14～2.60倍).17例患儿均未发生再骨折.5例患儿恢复踝关节活动,平均背伸22°(20～30°),平均跖屈41°(40～50°);另外12例踝关节仍固定于中立位.结论 在联合手术同时行三合一骨融合术治疗伴腓骨完整的先天性胫骨假关节初期愈合率高,胫骨假关节愈合处横断面积增加,短期疗效良好.     

关节镜下带线锚钉治疗儿童胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折的疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下带线锚钉固定治疗儿童胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年9月我科收治的胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折患儿23例,其中男16例,女7例,年龄8～17岁(平均14.5岁),受伤至手术时间为1～12 d(平均6.0 d).所有患儿均在关节镜下复位骨折块后使用带线锚钉进行固定.术后随访复查X线片、MR、Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分.结果 术后随访25～33个月(平均29.1个月).术后,MRI示锚钉固定位置稳定,未及骨骺线.X线示所有患儿骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6～12周(平均8.7周).末次随访时,19例患儿X线片示骨骺线可见,未见骨骺损伤.4例患儿X线片示骨骺线模糊,提示骨骺已闭,但是未见骨端形态明显异常.所有患儿膝关节活动度恢复满意,未见内外翻畸形,未见双下肢不等长畸形,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验及轴移试验均呈阴性.术前Lysholm评分为(53.5±11.4)分,末次随访时为(92.4±6.7)分(P＜0.05);术前ⅡKDC评分为(54.1±8.8)分,末次随访时为(93.1±6.4)分(P＜0.05).结论 关节镜下使用带线锚钉固定儿童胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折,其操作简单,创伤小,固定可靠,且不易损伤骨骺,是治疗该类型骨折的较为理想的方法.     

75例青少年胫骨远端三平面骨折的三维CT特征研究

目的总结75例青少年胫骨远端三平面骨折的三维CT特征,分析其骨骺骨折线特点以及胫骨远端骨骺各区块骨折的发生规律。方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属福州第二医院小儿骨科2015年1月到2021年4月收治的75例青少年胫骨远端三平面骨折患者资料,男47例(62.7%),女28例(37.3%);年龄10～15岁,平均12.5岁;75例均接受正、侧位X线片及三维CT检查。按照胫骨骨块数量、骨折线走向、骨折线累及区域(内踝关节外、内踝关节内非负重区,内踝关节内负重区,其他胫骨负重区)、是否合并腓骨骨折、是否合并距骨骨折以及胫骨干骨折进行分类,分析骨折特点。结果 75例三平面骨折中,干骺端骨折线均为内外走向,骨骺端骨折线变异较大。二部分骨折56例(74.7%),其骨骺端骨折线分3种类型:42例(56%)为Ⅲ型内踝三平面骨折;13例(17.3%)骨骺骨块从前向后走向,在Kump's bump区域外侧跨过该区域,转向后内侧;1例(13.3%)为Ⅰ型内踝三平面骨折。三部分骨折16例(18.6%),骨骺端骨折线分3种类型:9例(12%)骨骺端骨折形态均表现为"奔驰标"样;3例(4%)骨骺端骨折形态与Tillaux骨折相同;4例(5.3%)内踝有2处骨折线;2例(2.7%)为内踝Ⅰ型+Ⅲ型;2例(2.7%)为内踝Ⅱ型+Ⅲ型骨折(图2D)。四部分骨折3例(4%)。25例(33.3%)伴腓骨骨折,1例(13.3%)伴胫骨干骨折,胫骨干骨折线为斜行后上斜向前下。3例(4%)伴有距骨关节面软骨剥脱。结论本研究分析75例胫骨远端三平面骨折患者三维CT结果,以及其骨骺端骨折线分布特点,有助于胫骨三平面骨折的临床诊断及判断术中置钉角度。按照骨折块数量三平面可分为两部分(3种亚型)骨折、三部分(3种亚型)骨折、四部分骨折。其中两部分骨折最常见,骨骺骨折最常累及内踝关节外,需警惕伴有距骨软骨面剥脱和伴有胫骨干骨折的三平面骨折。     

儿童创伤性骺板及骨骺损伤的多排螺旋CT诊断分析

目的探讨儿童骺板及骨骺损伤的多排螺旋CT影像学表现。方法收集首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2009年1月至2011年3月收治的X线平片或CT检查可疑骨骺损伤的33例患儿临床资料,年龄1d至14岁,中位年龄7岁,男14例,女19例,病史为1h至3个月。分别行x线平片及CT检查,分析其多排螺旋CT表现。结果33例患儿共29处骺板受累,其中2例为双骨干骺端骨折,6例经多排螺旋CT证实排除骺板骨折,9例X线平片未发现骨骺损伤而多排螺旋CT发现骺板骨折。骨折位于肱骨远端8例,肱骨近端1例,桡骨近端2例,桡骨远端3例,股骨远端2例,胫骨近端1例,胫骨远端8例,腓骨远端1例,指骨2例,趾骨1例。按Salter—Harris分型,Ⅰ型2例（6．9％）,Ⅱ型19例（65．5％）,Ⅲ型4例（13．8％）,Ⅳ型4例（13．8％）。结论多排螺旋CT可以了解骨骺受累情况,直观观察骨骺移位以及关节内情况,及时提示临床进行相应处理,对病变的预后起着重要的作用。     

儿童双骨肢体单骨骨折对关节的影响

为了观察儿童双骨体单骨骨折后的过度生长。对前臂单骨骨折１７９例，小腿单骨骨折１２３例，进行了５－６年的随访，平均７．５年，对比了双侧Ｘ线片中的尺，桡骨长度，胫腓骨长度，桡尺角，桡骨内倾角，桡骨头线，肱骨小头的位置以及踝关节正位片，并对腕，坟关节，踝关节活动进行了对比。     

顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节手术治疗的改良

目的探讨顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节改良术式的临床治疗效果。方法1999年1月～2005年8月对顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节7例患儿，男5例，女2例，年龄2～11岁，采用带监测皮岛的游离腓骨移植，胫骨假关节切除及胫骨部分骨膜环剥，血管束植入的综合方法治疗。结果经1～4年的随访，平均1．5年，7例患儿假关节均已骨性愈合，其中4例已在支具保护下负重，3例完全不需支具保护负重。随访期间未出现再骨折现象。结论以最大限度的切除病变组织，改善局部血循环为中心的改良术式对于顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节的治疗有较好的疗效。     

半骨骺阻滞术治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节愈合后胫骨近端外翻的疗效评价CSCD

目的评价8字钢板半骨骺阻滞术治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节愈合后胫骨近端外翻的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院骨科2012年9月至2018年5月采用8字钢板半骨骺阻滞术治疗的儿童先天性胫骨假关节愈合后胫骨近端外翻患儿临床资料,患儿胫骨假关节手术后均获得一期愈合。收集手术前、取内固定时及末次随访时双下肢全长X线片及胫腓骨X线片,统计分析股骨胫骨角(mechanical tibiofemoral angle,mTFA)、股骨远端外侧角(anatomic lateral distal femoral angle,aLDFA)、胫骨近端内侧角(anatomical medial proximal tibial angle,aMPTA)及其变化,评估矫正效果及有无反弹。记录内固定留置时间、畸形矫正速率(°/月)。结果共18例(18侧下肢)患儿纳入研究,男女各9例;左侧10例,右侧8例。手术时年龄(4.2±1.4)岁。总随访时间(73.4±18.5)个月,其中内固定取出后随访时间(46.0±16.8)个月。患儿矫正效果均满意,平均矫正速率1.26°/月。1例术后发生切口脂肪液化,1例出现螺钉松动。无一例感染、内固定断裂、内固定失效、骺板损伤等并发症发生。术前mTFA(14.8±3.6)°、aLDFA(85.7±2.7)°、aMPTA(100.8±3.1)°;取内固定时mTFA(3.7±3.2)°、aLDFA(83.5±2.9)°、aMPTA(85.3±3.5)°;末次随访时mTFA(5.5±3.6)°、aLDFA(82.0±1.8)°、aMPTA(88.7±1.6)°。3个时间节点的mTFA、aLDFA、aMPTA差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。组间对比显示取内固定时和手术前mTFA的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),取内固定时和末次随访时mTFA的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);取内固定时和手术前aLDFA的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),取内固定时和末次随访时aLDFA的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);取内固定时和手术前、末次随访时的aMPTA差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。取内固定时aMPTA恢复正常,但末次随访时aMPTA有增大趋势,其中4例出现反弹。结论采用8字钢板半骨骺阻滞术治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节愈合后胫骨近端外翻畸形,矫正速率快,损伤小,矫形效果满意,但畸形有反弹的可能。     

Fibular shortening in poliomyelitis

This study arose from observation that in children with leg shortening from paralysis, the relationship between the tibia and fibula is disturbed. This article analyses 76 patients of post polio residual paralysis involving only one lower limb. Sixteen patients had fibular shortening. Several factors that interfere with fibular growth, i.e. anatomical continuity, soleus strength, abnormal forces at distal fibular physis, result in fibular shortening. Early the age at onset of paralysis, more is the fibular shortening which is associated with lateral wedging of distal tibial epiphysis, valgus at ankle, external torsion of tibia and genu valgus.     

Mutual position of the distal fibular physis and the tibiotalar joint space - radiological typology and clinical significance.

AIM: The mutual position of the distal fibular physis compared to the tibiotalar joint space in the immature skeleton was investigated in X-ray studies. The clinical relevance of the recorded mutual position was evaluated for paediatric skeletal traumatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 140 radiographs of immature ankle joints without skeletal injury were reviewed and the mutual position of the distal fibular physis and tibiotalar joint space was tested. We then reviewed a cohort of 30 children with skeletal injuries of both the distal tibial epiphysis and the distal fibula. The type of distal fibular injury was evaluated according to the mutual position of the distal fibular physis and the tibiotalar joint space. RESULTS: We found that in about one-half of cases the distal fibular physis is located distally to the plane of the tibiotalar joint, which has not been considered in the literature. Thus, we defined three radiological types of immature ankle joint according to the vertical position of the distal fibular physis in relation to the tibiotalar joint space: type 1 - distal fibular physis is above the joint space; type 2 - distal fibular physis is on the same level as the joint space; type 3 - distal fibular physis is below the joint space. In the second cohort, we found that type 2 predisposes to physeal fibular injury and type 3 predisposes to metaphyseal fibular injury. All data obtained were statistically evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: There are three radiological types of immature ankle joint. Type 1 is only an evolutionary type without clinical significance, type 2 predisposes to physeal and type 3 to metaphyseal fibular injury in combination with distal tibial physeal injury.     

儿童先天性胫骨假关节术后并发症与腓骨状态的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童先天性胫骨假关节实现初期愈合后不同腓骨状态与再骨折、踝外翻等并发症之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析我科2007至2011年收治的59例Crawford Ⅳ型先天性胫骨假关节患儿,根据先天性胫骨假关节(congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia,CPT)实现初期愈合后的腓骨状态,将其分为CPT伴腓骨假关节组(A组)、CPT伴腓骨完整组(B组),比较这两组患儿的再骨折、踝外翻、胫骨外翻、肢体不等长的发生情况.结果 A组中有14例患儿发生再骨折,再骨折发生率为36.8％,30例患儿发生踝外翻,踝外翻发生率为78.9％,踝外翻Malhotra分级,0级:8例,Ⅰ级:15例,Ⅱ级:3例,Ⅲ级:12例.27例患儿发生胫骨外翻,胫骨外翻发生率为71％,胫骨平均外翻7°(5°～20°).24例患儿存在肢体不等长,肢体不等长发生率为63.2％,平均肢体不等长1.26 cm (0.6～4.4cm).B组中有2例患儿发生再骨折,再骨折发生率为9.5％,11例患儿发生踝外翻,踝外翻发生率为52.4％,踝外翻Malhotra分级,0级:10例,Ⅰ级:6例,Ⅱ级;3例,Ⅲ级:2例.8例患儿发生胫骨外翻,胫骨外翻发生率为42.9％,胫骨平均外翻2.9°(5°～13°).13例患儿存在肢体不等长,肢体不等长发生率为61.9％,平均肢体不等长1.48 cm (0.5～5 cm).A组的再骨折和踝外翻发生率比B组要高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CPT患儿实现初期愈合后伴有腓骨假关节者,其再骨折、踝外翻发生率高.CPT的治疗应该重视腓骨假关节的治疗.     

Relationship between postoperative complications and fibular integrity in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in children

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative complications and fibular integrity in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) in children.Methods:A retrospective study was performed in 59 patients with Crawford type Ⅳ CPT who were treated with combined surgical technique from 2007 to 2011.The patients were divided into two groups,the CPT with fibular pseudarthrosis (group A) and CPT with intact fibula groups (group B),on the basis of fibula status after the union of CPT.The incidence rates of refracture,ankle vaigus,tibial valgus,and limb length discrepancy in the two groups were investigated.Results:In group A,14 (36.8％) cases had refracture,30 (78.9％) had ankle valgus;27 (71％) exhibited tibial valgus with an average tibial valgus of 7 (6-20),and 24 (63.2％) had limb length discrepancy with an average limb length of 1.26 cm (0.6-4.4 cm).In group B,2 (9.5％) cases had refracture,11 (52.4％) had ankle valgns,8 (42.9％) had tibial valgus with an average tibial valgus deformity of 2.9 (6-13),and 13 (61.9％) had limb length discrepancy with an average limb length of 1.48 cm (0.5-5 cm).Significant difference in refracture and ankle valgus was found between groups A and B (P＜0.05).Conclusions:After the union of CPT,patients with fibular pseudarthrosis showed higher incidence of refracture and ankle valgus than those with intact fibula.Attention should be paid to the presence of fibular pseudarthrosis when managing CPT.     

同侧带血管蒂腓骨轴向旋转内移术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损

目的　探讨同侧带血管蒂腓骨180°轴向旋转内移术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的治疗方法和疗效。方法　根据胫骨缺损的长度,切取同侧带血管蒂腓骨并180°轴向旋转内移至胫骨缺损区,将腓骨两端分别插入胫骨髓腔内,远端用螺钉将胫腓骨固定,同时将远端残留腓骨与胫骨融合,预防术后踝关节不稳定。结果　手术治疗16例,经4 个月~19 年随访,骨愈合时间接近正常,踝关节功能无明显障碍。结论　同侧带血管蒂腓骨180°轴向旋转内移术,术式简捷,效果良好,是治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的一种值得推荐的理想方法。     

Clinical features and outcomes in children with bone and joint infections of the ankle or foot

BackgroundThe foot and ankle are uncommon sites of bone and joint infections (BJIs) in children. The objectives of the present study were to determine the clinical and bacteriologic features of BJIs and to assess any associated complications and orthopedic sequelae.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single-center study of children treated for foot or ankle BJIs between 2008 and 2018 in a French university medical center. A total of 23 children were included. The median age at diagnosis was 9.1 years. Osteomyelitis was noted in 14 cases; it involved the calcaneus in seven cases, the distal fibula in four cases, the first metatarsal in two cases, and the distal tibia in one case. Arthritis affected the ankle in six cases and the cuneiform–cuboidal joint in one case. In two cases, osteoarthritis of the ankle was associated with distal osteomyelitis of the tibia. Clinical, radiological, and bacteriological parameters, surgical procedures, complications, and sequelae were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe median (range) time to diagnosis was 3.18 days (0–10), and trauma was reported in four cases. Fever was present on admission in 18 cases, and the serum C-reactive protein level was elevated in 22 cases. Standard X-rays showed osteolysis in one case and bone sequestration in another. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 10 cases. Surgery was performed in 17 cases. A subperiosteal abscess that required surgical drainage complicated 10 cases of osteomyelitis. No recurrence was observed. At the last follow-up, the median (range) age was 11.9 years (1.5–19). Sequelae (spontaneous tibia–talus fusion, first metatarsal epiphysis fusion, and varus deformity of the hindfoot) were observed in three cases, all of which were initially complicated by an abscess.ConclusionPhysicians should be aware that pediatric BJIs of the lower limb may involve the foot and ankle. S. aureus is frequently involved. In cases of osteomyelitis, complications are closely associated with subperiosteal abscesses justifying an early diagnosis. These BJIs must be treated rapidly, and the risk of sequelae justifies long-term follow-up.     

Lower tibial fracture plus proximal fibula fracture in children: a report of 9 cases北大核心CSCD

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of lower tibial fracture plus proximal fibula fracture in children. Methods The clinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed for 9 children with lower tibial fracture plus proximal fibula fracture from January 2015 to December 2020. There were 5 boys and 4 girls with an average age of 9. 7 years. The mechanism of injury included traffic accident (n: 3) and sports activities (n: 6). The specific fractures were closed (n: 8) and open (n: 1). Missed diagnosis was detected in 2 cases, including peroneal nerve injury (n: 1). There were lower one-third diaphyseal fracture of tibia (n: 8) and tibial shaft fracture plus distal tibial epiphysis fracture (n: 1). On radiograph, tibial fracture line was oblique with high outside and low inside. Except for greenstick fractures (n: 3), racture line of fibula was high anterolaterally and low posteromedially (n: 6). Radiography was performed for evaluating the status of reduction and healing. And Johner-Wruh's criteria were applied for evaluating the clinical outcomes during postoperative follow-ups. Results The procedures included cast fixation (n: 4) and surgery for tibia with internal fixation (n: 5). The latter included intramedullary nailing (n: 4) and intramedullary nailing plus Kirschner wire (n: 1). Cast immobilization was performed for fibula fracture. The mean follow-up period was 16. 7(12-24) months. All fibula and tibial fractures healed without wound infection, fracture re-displacement or osteofascial compartment syndrome. The symptoms of peroneal nerve injury disappeared at Month 2 post-injury. At the last follow-up, according to the Johner-Wruh criteria of tibial fracture evaluation, the outcomes were excellent (n: 8) and decent (n: 1). Conclusions In children with oblique fracture of lower tibia, proximal fibular fracture mayt be missed. Meticulous physical examinations and proper selections of appropriate radiographic sites should be performed to minimize its occurrence. Restoring alignment and stabilizing tibial fracture is a major therapeutic goal. Surgical fixation is generally not required for proximal fibula fractures. © 2023 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All Rights Reserved.     

儿童胫腓骨骨与纤维发育不良的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨儿童胫骨骨与纤维发育不良的诊断、治疗和预后。方法：在复习文献的基础上,对1992年以来手术治疗和门诊观察的10例儿童胫腓骨骨与纤维发育不良的临床表现、X线特征和手术治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果：7例手术刮除后都出现术后复发,1次复发者2例、2次复发者4例,3次复发者1例。结论：儿童胫骨骨与纤维发育不良是一种侵袭性瘤样病变。在发病年龄、X线及病理表现、临床过程等方面,与单发性长骨纤维发育不良均有明显的区别。儿童期手术治疗极易复发,因此,应将手术治疗推迟到骨骼成熟时实施。     

先天性胫骨假关节联合手术24例再骨折临床分析

目的 探讨先天性胫骨假关节经联合手术愈合后导致再骨折相关因素,为其临床治疗提供重要参考依据.方法 收集2007年4月至2015年8月在本院行先天性胫骨假关节联合手术再骨折患儿,分别对性别、是否合并NF1、踝关节是否固定、手术时年龄、再骨折时腓骨状态、再骨折处横截面积相对比进行无骨折生存分析.随访截止时间为2016年8月,获得再骨折24例(21例患儿,其中3例发生2次再骨折),男15例,女9例;16例合并I型神经纤维瘤;伴有腓骨假关节12例,7例伴有腓骨髓腔狭窄弯曲,4例伴有腓骨髓腔狭窄无弯曲,1例腓骨假关节由克氏针内固定.手术时平均年龄为3.4岁(0.8~7.4岁).平均随访时间为62.4个月(20~101个月);所有假关节愈合后均佩戴长腿保护性支具,均能在支具保护下负重行走.结果 男性组平均无骨折生存时间为25.9个月,女性组平均无骨折生存时间为22.4个月;两组之间无骨折生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);无NF1组平均无骨折生存时间为20.4个月,合并NF1组平均无骨折生存时间为26.8个月;两组之间无骨折生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);踝关节固定组平均无骨折生存时间为12.9个月,未固定组平均无骨折生存时间为23.9个月;两组之间无骨折生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术时年龄≥3岁组平均无骨折生存时间为34.2个月,小于3岁组平均无骨折生存时间为15.4个月,两组之间无骨折生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);伴有腓骨假关节组平均无骨折生存时间为12.5个月,腓骨假关节远端与胫骨假关节融合或腓骨完整组平均无骨折生存时间为34.9个月,两组之间无骨折生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);横截面积相对比倒数值小于13.69组平均无骨折生存时间为33.3个月,大于13.69组平均无骨折生存时间为15.9个月,两组之间无骨折生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用联合手术时年龄应大于3岁,需要固定腓骨假关节,增大假关节愈合处横截面积有望获得较长的骨性愈合时间,从而提高远期愈合率.