经皮椎间孔镜与椎间盘镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的比较

目的比较经皮椎间孔镜技术与椎间盘镜髓核摘除术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2016-06诊治的60例单节段腰椎间盘突出症,采用经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗30例(椎间孔镜组),采用椎间盘镜髓核摘除术治疗30例(椎间盘镜组)。比较2组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,以及术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月、末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数。结果 60例均获得随访,随访时间平均22(12~36)个月。椎间孔镜组在切口长度、术中出血量、术后住院时间方面明显优于椎间盘镜组,但椎间孔镜组手术时间较椎间盘镜组长,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。椎间孔镜组与椎间盘镜组术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月、末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜和椎间盘镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症均具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少和对腰椎后柱结构破坏小等优点,但相比之下,经皮椎间孔镜手术创伤相对更小,术后患者住院时间更短,患者接受程度更高。     

两种术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床对比研究

[目的]研究椎间孔镜TESSYS术与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴或不伴腰椎神经根管狭窄的疗效对比。[方法]回顾性分析本院2017~2018年治疗的腰椎间盘突出症伴或不伴腰椎神经根管狭窄64例患者临床资料。根据治疗手术方式分为两组,采用经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS术的为TESSYS组,共34例,采用椎板开窗椎间盘切除术的为开放组,共30例,术后随访12个月,观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症,进行VAS评分、ODI评分和改良MacNa评分评价临床疗效,采用独立样本t检验对比分析数据。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术,TESSYS组在手术时间、出血量、切口长度、术后下地时间和术后住院时间方面均低于开放组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TESSYS组早期并发症1例,开放组早期并发症3例。两组患者随访6~18个月,随时间推移,两组患者VAS和ODI评分均显著减少,不同时间点间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组间VAS和ODI评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后24h、术后3个月,TESSYS组VAS和ODI评分均显著低于开放组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但术后6、12个月,两组间VAS和ODI评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时根据改良MacNab评价标准,TESSYS组优良率94.12%;而开放组优良率83.33%;两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS术与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术均能有效的治疗腰椎间盘突出症,但TESSYS术在术后短期内恢复更快。     

椎板开窗与椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症比较

[目的]比较椎板开窗髓核摘除术(fenestration discectomy,FD)和经椎间孔镜髓核摘除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效。[方法]2012年6月~2015年2月,将50例初次单节段LDH患者随机分为椎板开窗组(25例)和椎间孔镜组(25例)。两组年龄、性别、病变节段差异无统计学意义(P0.05),椎板开窗组在全麻下行后路开窗髓核摘除术,椎间孔镜组在局麻下行经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术。比较两种术式的切口、手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地及住院时间,比较两组患者术前、术后的视觉疼痛模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)。[结果]所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间17.3个月(12~36个月)。椎板开窗组的手术时间少于椎间孔镜组(P0.05),椎间孔镜组的切口长度、术中出血量、术后下地时间、住院时间少于椎板开窗组(P0.05)。两组术后3、12个月ODI、VAS、JOA与术前比较,均明显改善(P0.05),两组术后12个月的JOA评分改善率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]与椎板开窗组相比,椎间孔镜技术治疗LDH疗效确切,且具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,是治疗LDH更为理想的方法。     

椎间孔镜技术与椎板间开窗治疗双节段腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的比较椎间孔镜技术与椎板间开窗治疗双节段腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法将100例初次腰椎间盘突出症患者分为椎间孔镜组(50例)和开窗组(50例)。椎间孔镜组在局部麻醉下行经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除手术,开窗组在硬膜外麻醉下行后路椎板间开窗髓核摘除手术。比较两组手术时间、手术前后腰、腿痛VAS评分及ODI评分,并根据中华医学会骨科分会脊柱学组手术疗效标准进行疗效评估。结果两组患者均获得随访,时间12~16个月。两组术前各项评分及手术时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组腿痛VAS及ODI评分均较术前降低(P0.05)。术后1~14 d腰痛VAS评分椎间孔镜组远低于开窗组(P0.05),术后3~12个月两组腰痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1~12个月两组ODI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时优良率:椎间孔镜组为92%,开窗组为94%(P0.05)。结论两种手术均可有效治疗患者神经根压迫造成的症状,但经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除手术创伤小,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症更为理想的方法。     

经皮椎间孔镜与椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎间孔镜和椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-06—2014-02诊治的单节段同侧椎板开窗髓核摘除术后复发性腰椎间盘突出症42例,采用经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗18例(椎间孔镜组),采用椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗24例(椎板开窗组)。采用VAS评分和ODI指数评价2组手术疗效。结果 2组均获得随访8~12个月,平均10.7个月。2组术后腰痛、腿痛VAS评分及ODI指数较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。椎间孔镜组与椎板开窗组术后1 d、1个月、6个月、末次随访时腰痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。椎间孔镜组术后1 d腿痛VAS评分低于椎板开窗组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组术后1个月、6个月、末次随访时的腿痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜手术是治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法,但手术费用较昂贵,学习曲线长。     

椎间盘造影染色在椎间孔镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

[目的]探讨椎间盘造影及染色在椎间孔镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症中的临床应用价值。[方法]回顾性分析2013年1月~2016年12月48例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症(far-lateral lumbar disc herniation,lumbar FLDH)患者,术前行椎间盘造影和亚甲蓝染色,继之行椎间盘薄层CT扫描,明确责任节段椎间盘及受累神经根。所有患者在局麻下行经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD),术前、术后24 h及术后1和3个月采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)和改良的Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估手术疗效,术后3个月末次随访时按Mac Nab标准评估治疗有效率。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成腰椎间盘造影和亚甲蓝染色及椎间孔镜手术,术中镜下可以清晰识别受压的神经根和突(脱)出的蓝染髓核组织。术后疼痛症状较术前明显减轻,VAS评分由术前(8.78±1.47)分降低至术后24 h时(2.00±0.42)分和术后3个月时(0.89±0.14)分,ODI由术前(83.70±5.59)%减少至术后24 h时(45.92±3.39)%和术后3个月时(13.33±2.23)%,按Mac Nab标准总体优良率为93.75%。[结论]椎间盘造影及亚甲蓝染色有助于明确责任椎间盘节段和受累神经根,提高FLDH诊断的准确性,对于指导PELD术中发现髓核突出及神经根致压部位、提高手术疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

术前PSQ评分预测经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的早期疗效

目的探讨术前疼痛敏感度问卷(pain sensitivity questionnaire,PSQ)评分预测经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法回顾性分析自2017-06—2018-12采用经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗的78例腰椎间盘突出症,42例术前PSQ评分<6.5分(观察组),36例术前PSQ评分≥6.5分(对照组)。比较2组术后12个月腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分、ODI指数,探讨术前PSQ评分与腰痛VAS评分改善程度、腿痛VAS评分改善程度、ODI指数改善程度相关性。结果 78例均顺利完成手术并获得12个月以上随访,术后5例出现腰骶部酸胀疼痛,2例出现下肢放射痛,对症治疗后缓解。观察组术后12个月腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分、ODI指数较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示术前PSQ评分与腰痛VAS评分改善程度、腿痛VAS评分改善程度、ODI指数改善程度呈负相关关系,差异有统计学意义。结论 PSQ评分可以预测腰椎间盘突出症经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术后早期腰椎整体功能恢复情况及疼痛缓解程度,术前疼痛敏感度较高者术后疼痛及腰椎功能改善效果较差。     

椎间孔镜髓核摘除术配合主动腰背肌锻炼治疗腰椎间盘突出症

[目的]评价经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术配合早期规律腰背肌功能锻炼治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。[方法] 2016年7月～2017年9月腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,按随机数字表将其分为锻炼组和常规组,每组50例。两组患者均行椎间孔镜髓核摘除术,锻炼组术后第2 d由医生指导其在床上进行规律的腰背肌功能锻炼。而常规组患者术后卧床休息、常规恢复活动。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分及日本骨科协会(JOA评分)腰椎评分评价临床效果。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术,术后随访≥1年。随时间延长,两组患者ODI评分均显著减少,JOA评分均显著增加;而锻炼组患者VAS评分随时间延长显著减少,但常规组患者术后1年与术后3个月相比,VAS评分不减反增,不同时间点间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后1 d和术后3个月,两组间VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但术后1年,锻炼组的VAS评分显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前和术后1 d,两组间ODI和JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但术后3个月和术后1年,锻炼组上述评分显著优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]采用经皮椎间孔镜术配合早期主动规律的腰背肌功能锻炼可显著改善腰椎盘突出症的治疗效果。     

经皮椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射治疗脱出型腰椎间盘突出症

目的:评价经皮椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射治疗脱出型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 :对2014年3月至2015年6月接受经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术的126例单节段脱出型腰椎间盘突出症患者进行前瞻性随机对照研究,男67例,女59例;年龄17~75岁,平均(41.0±13.5)岁;L3,49例,L4,576例,L5S141例。按随机数字表中随机数的奇数和偶数随机分为单纯椎间孔镜组和椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射组,每组63例。单纯椎间孔镜组行经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术后注入4 ml生理盐水,椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射组行经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术后注入1 ml复方倍他米松、1 ml利多卡因和2 ml甲钴胺。随访时间6~20个月,平均12.4个月,比较两组并发症情况,术后住院时间,恢复工作时间,疼痛视觉类比评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和JOA评分,按改良Mac Nab标准评定临床疗效。结果:所有病例顺利完成手术,未见并发症。单纯椎间孔镜组术后住院时间和恢复工作时间分别(4.61±1.25)d、(4.31±0.47)周,椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射组分别为(2.53±0.69)d、(3.14±0.52)周,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。两组术后VAS评分、JOA评分与术前比较,均明显改善(P=0.000)。椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射组术后1 d、1周、1个月的VAS评分及JOA评分均优于单纯椎间孔镜组(P=0.000)。术后6个月两组VAS评分及JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后按照改良Mac Nab标准评定疗效,单纯椎间孔镜组优39例,良21例,可3例;椎间孔镜联合硬膜外注射组优41例,良20例,可2例;两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.087)。结论 :经皮椎间孔镜治疗脱出型腰椎间盘突出症创伤小,疼痛缓解明显,功能恢复好。术中联合使用硬膜外注射短期内疼痛缓解及功能改善更加显著,可减少术后住院时间,早日恢复工作,是一种安全有效的手段。     

改良经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的比较椎间盘镜技术与改良经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2018-05诊治的150例腰椎间盘突出症,75例采用改良经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗(观察组),75例采用椎间盘镜技术治疗(对照组),比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间、术后1个月及术后6个月下肢疼痛VAS评分、腰痛VAS评分、ODI指数、JOA评分,比较2组末次随访时的临床疗效。结果 150例均顺利完成手术并获得至少12个月的随访。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月观察组下肢疼痛VAS评分、腰痛VAS评分、ODI指数较对照组低,JOA评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月2组下肢疼痛VAS评分、腰痛VAS评分、ODI指数、JOA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时2组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症较椎间孔镜治疗术具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后恢复快等优势,临床上值得推广。     

Ambulatory microsurgical lumbar discectomy

Microsurgical technique was used for lumbar disc herniation in 132 patients. The procedure was preferably performed under spinal block in a simple prone position. In the first series 68 patients left the hospital 3 days postoperatively while in the second series 64 patients were treated ambulantly. Based on self-rating, 87% of the patients expressed an excellent or good result of the operation. A higher rate, 96%, was obtained for patients operated on within 6 months from the onset of symptoms. No complications were encountered due to the ambulation and the patients were satisfied with the early discharge from hospital which may facilitate an earlier return to normal activity.     

Video-assisted endoscopic lumbar discectomy

Background: The optimal management of symptomatic lumbar disc herniations (LDH) remains controversial. This study examines the feasibility and safety of a video-assisted endoscopic intracanalicular technique for managing symptomatic LDH. Methods: From September 1999 to June 2000, we used the current technique, the Vertebroscope System, on 11 patients (six men, five women), aged from 18 to 61 years (mean, 45), who had suffered symptomatic LDH. The disc levels involved were at L4-L5 (n = 8), and L5-S1 (n = 3). The Vertebroscope, which has a 30° viewing angle and a working channel 1.7 cm in diameter, was used for the minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. The mean follow-up period was 12 months (range, 6-15). Results: The operating time ranged from 60 to 335 min (mean, 136.5), and the estimated blood loss during operation was minimal to 200 ml. The mean length of the paramedian skin incisions was 2 cm. No drainage tube was used postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2-5), with five patients discharged on the 1st postoperative day. Complications included one superficial wound infection, one conversion to an open procedure when muscle herniation into the working channel created a technical difficulty in approaching the ligamatum flavum, and one minor tear of the nerve root sleeve that did not require further surgery. In the first five patients studied herein, the mean operating time was significantly longer than that for the later five patients (201 vs 72 min, p <0.001). conclusions: the advantages of the current endoscopic disectomy technique include its minimally invasive character, with less paraspinal muscle trauma, direct address to the lesion site that resembles the open technique, and enhanced operative field visualization with a paramedian skin incision of just 2 cm. practice is needed to perfect such an endoscopic approach for lumbar disc excision, so the operating time decreased significantly as the surgeons became more familiar with this endoscopic technique. it has proved to be safe and effective for treating patients with symptomatic ldh.     

经皮内镜下腰椎间盘切除术

近年来,经皮内镜下腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)已由非直视下切除椎间盘中央髓核的间接减压术,发展为内镜直视下切除压迫神经根髓核的直接减压术.PELD适应证与腰椎板开窗髓核切除术适应证相似,随着外科技术和设备的发展,也适用于椎间孔狭窄、侧隐窝狭窄和高髂嵴的L5～S1中央型椎间盘突出症患者.PELD设备种类很多,但外科技术基本一致.手术中可能会受到高髂嵴或L5横突的阻挡,但近来报道显示L5～S1经皮入路其实并不十分困难.PELD术后满意率与腰椎板开窗髓核切除术相当,且具有创伤小、并发症少、术后复发率低等优点,是治疗部分腰椎间盘突出症的理想选择.     

后路腰椎间盘镜髓核摘除术的远期疗效

目的比较MED术与开窗术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效。方法对后路单节段腰椎间盘摘除术的39例患者(MED组22例;开窗组17例)进行问卷调查、JOA评分和复查腰椎MRI。在MRI图像上观察并测量手术前后硬膜外压痕的大小、椎间隙的高度、软骨终板的退变以及手术区域信号的改变情况。结果MED组随访(81±8)个月与开窗组随访(73±6)个月的主观评价(满意率、恢复原工作情况、对手术的评价)、客观评价(JOA评分、改善率和优良率)、MRI改变以及并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种手术方式术后长期随访在患者的主观评价、客观评价、MRI改变以及并发症方面没有明显差别。     

显微腰间盘切除术与椎间盘镜治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症对比体会

[目的]通过比较显微腰间盘切除术（MSLD）与椎间盘镜（MED）治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的方法和疗效，为微创治疗提供经验参考和治疗依据。[方法]回顾性分析本院单节段LDH微创治疗病例，其中MSLD治疗45例，MED治疗32例，比较手术时间、术中情况、并发症、住院日、疗效等指标。[结果]2组疗效优良率均达到了90％以上，无显著差异，MED切口长度明显短于MSLD，而后者在手术时间上明显少于前者。[结论]此两种微创方法疗效满意，但比较之下MED适应证明显受限，技术方法未见明显优势，MSLD是目前更为理想的微创手术方法。     

Results of microsurgical lumbar discectomy

Summary 485 patients with a lumbar disc herniation were operated upon microsurgically. The results, the rate of complications and true recurrent herniations will be presented. The results of the microsurgical technique are compared to the results of the conventional technique.The final outcome after the microsurgical operation was excellent in 39%, good in 34% and satisfactory in 19%, 9% of the patients had a poor final outcome.The results obtained with microsurgery are attained with the standard techniques only by few groups, probably highly experienced surgeons. Following microsurgery a uniformly high percentage (88–98%) of results are reported as being satisfactory, whereas the analogous figures range between 40 and 98% following the standard technique.The operations were performed in the Department of Neurosurgery, Ravensburg.     

Posterolateral percutane endoscopic lumbar discectomy

The technique and equipment for performing posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy underwent a slow evolution in the past 30 years. The current level of proficiency was reached about 5 years ago. As a result, the endoscopic capabilities closely overlapped that of conventional transcanal open operations for herniated lumbar disc. Endoscopic technique has the unique ability to visualized and treat certain intradiscal pathology. Intradiscal visualization is enhanced by staining with 10% to 20% indigocarmine dye. This blue dye differentially stains degenerated nucleus and granulation tissue in annular defects. Biplane c-arm images are used for percutaneous guidance. The approach trajectory starts from an optimally located skin window entering the disc through the foraminal annular window. Normally there are limited endoscopic workspaces. A working tunnel, working cavity must be created for viewing and manipulating operating tools. Currently available equipment includes a high-resolution rod lens operating endoscope, bevel cannula, bipolar radiofrequency electrode, and a side-firing Holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Each has a unique role in performing special tasks. The learning curve is steep but once mastered, the surgeon is able to extract contained and noncontained disc herniations. Granulation tissue in annular defects is ablated using radiofrequency electrode. Holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser has a unique ability in dividing thick collagenous tissue and ablating cortical bone.