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BACKGROUND: With the increase in HIV infection among childbearing aged women in Hong Kong, health department policy-makers are considering the implementation of antenatal HIV screening to identify infected mothers. However, little is known about women's understanding of HIV/AIDS, and their attitudes towards HIV screening. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, their perceptions of risk, risk behaviour and management, and their attitudes towards HIV screening. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, and all Chinese pregnant women who attended an antenatal clinic of a regional hospital in Hong Kong in the month of December 2000 were invited to complete a questionnaire. FINDINGS: Hong Kong pregnant women had fairly good general knowledge of HIV/AIDS (mean score = 4.8/6), but were less knowledgeable on specific mother-to-child HIV transmission (mean score = 3.6/6). There were statistically significant differences between those with different levels of education (chi2 = 19.81; P < 0.001) and between Hong Kong born residents and immigrants from the Chinese mainland (z = -4.03; P < 0.001). Over a third (36.7%) of all pregnant women perceived a risk of contracting HIV. If HIV infection were suspected, over 70% would have HIV screening together with their spouse. If HIV was confirmed, 24% would terminate the pregnancy. As many as 78.5% and 72.8% of women believed that HIV screening should be carried out before marriage and pregnancy respectively. Only 4.7% would choose universal opt-out antenatal HIV testing. RECOMMENDATIONS: Health educators should provide tailored-made education programmes for women at risk, particularly those at lower education levels and those who have come from the Chinese mainland, to enhance their knowledge about mother-to-child HIV transmission, and to promote awareness of safe sex. Health policy-makers should consider the possibility of providing pre-marriage and pre-pregnancy HIV screening for women. 相似文献
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A comparison of HIV positive and negative pregnant women at a public sector hospital in South Africa
Aim. The aim of the study was to compare HIV positive and negative pregnant women with respect to maternal and neonatal outcome to inform the development of clinical practice guidelines. Background. HIV infection in pregnancy places an added burden on the physical ability of the woman's body to cope with pregnancy. As a result HIV causes an exaggeration of the problems related to pregnancy. Method. Data were collected by means of a retrospective record review conducted on 212 stratified randomly selected HIV positive and 101 matched HIV negative pregnant women. The two sample t‐test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of HIV positive and negative pregnant women. Results. HIV positive pregnant women had a significantly lower haemoglobin (10·85 vs. 11·48 g/dl; P = 0·001), attended significantly fewer antenatal clinic appointments (4·03 vs. 4·63; P = 0·04), weighed significantly less (72·07 vs. 76·69 kg; P = 0·02) and were significantly more likely to present with an abnormal vaginal discharge (32·55 vs. 24·75%; P = 0·02) than HIV negative pregnant women. The difference in the prevalence in HIV positive pregnant women of pregnancy induced hypertension (16·98 vs. 9·90%; P = 0·06), syphilis infection (5·95 vs. 0·99%; P = 0·062) and urinary tract infection (15·53 vs. 7·92%; P = 0·06) approached significance when compared with HIV negative pregnant women. HIV positive pregnant women were significantly more likely to present with intrauterine growth retardation (4·72 vs. 0%; P = 0·03), significantly more likely to deliver earlier (37·92 vs. 38·51 weeks; P = 0·03) and significantly more likely to deliver neonates weighing less (2969·98 vs. 3138·43 g; P = 0·01) than HIV negative pregnant women. Conclusion. The Department of Health attributes the high rate of HIV and AIDS related maternal morbidity and mortality in South Africa to the absence of accepted and practical guidelines for midwives’ antenatal assessment and management of HIV positive pregnant women. Relevance to clinical practice. This study identifies maternal and neonatal outcomes related to HIV infection in pregnancy and provides evidence required to inform the development of clinical practice guidelines. 相似文献
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Cynthia L. Gay Victor Mwapasa David M. Murdoch Jesse J. Kwiek Susan A. Fiscus Steven R. Meshnick Myron S. Cohen 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2010
There are limited data on acute HIV infection (AHI) prevalence during pregnancy. Malawian pregnant women admitted in the third trimester and meeting eligibility criteria underwent dual HIV rapid antibody testing. AHI prevalence was retrospectively detected through HIV RNA pooling of seronegative plasma. Among 3,825 pregnant women screened, dual HIV rapid testing indicated that 30.2% were HIV positive, 69.7% were HIV negative, and 0.1% were indeterminate. Sensitivity and specificity of dual rapid testing was 99.0% and 98.7%, respectively. Of 2,666 seronegative specimens, 2,327 had samples available for HIV RNA pooling; 5 women (0.21%) (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.40%) had AHI with a median peripartum viral load of 1,324,766 copies/mL. Pregnant women are at risk for AHI, warranting counseling of all women and their sexual partners about incident HIV during pregnancy. Dual HIV rapid tests have high sensitivity and specificity. HIV testing should be repeated in the third trimester and/or at delivery. 相似文献