硒酸锌金属自显影技术检测游离锌离子在小鼠肾脏的分布

目的研究游离锌离子在小鼠肾脏的定位分布。方法应用硒酸锌金属自显影技术(ZnSeAMG)检测小鼠肾脏内的游离锌离子分布。结果游离锌离子在肾脏内分布广泛,皮质中有大量AMG反应阳性颗粒,髓质中的AMG阳性颗粒较少。其中,近曲小管、远曲小管、近直小管和远直小管上皮细胞近腔侧均分布有大量的棕黑色AMG阳性颗粒,肾小体、细段和集合管上皮细胞中AMG阳性颗粒较少。结论小鼠肾脏内含有丰富的游离锌离子,锌离子可能参与肾脏的功能。     

脑死亡供体肾脏病理改变及移植应用标准评判的探讨

目的探讨脑死亡供体肾脏病理改变及对临床使用的指导意义。方法对13例脑死亡供体26个肾脏进行了穿刺活检,做HE染色、网状纤维染色及PAS染色。结果发现大多数患者均有不同程度的近曲小管坏死,而远曲小管、肾小球、基底膜多无改变。选择肾近曲小管上皮细胞坏死〈50%、肾小球无明显改变、肌酐〈250μmol/L、年龄〈55岁的供体26个肾脏施行了移植,均取得成功。结论脑死亡供体肾脏根据穿刺病理活检改变并结合临床表现可以作为临床移植的评判依据。     

用微分离方法培养肾皮质近曲肾小管和髓质集合管上皮细胞及其生物学特征的研究

在肾间质发病过程中 ,各段肾小管上皮细胞受到的侵害和发挥的作用不同。为了探讨不同节段肾小管上皮细胞的生物学特征 ,作者利用微分离的方法在解剖显微镜下获取肾脏皮质近曲小管和髓质集合管进行体外培养 ,分别得到了纯净的近曲小管和集合管上皮细胞。通过细胞免疫组化和耐高渗实验方法对该两种细胞进行区分和鉴定 ,利用 EL ISA和细胞株依赖方法检测了该两种上皮细胞表达血管紧张素 IIAT- 1受体和分泌白细胞介素 - 6( IL-6)的情况。结果 :近曲小管上皮细胞 AT- 1受体的分布和分泌 IL- 6的量均显著高于集合管上皮细胞 ;在血管紧张素II刺激下 ,近曲小管上皮细胞产生的 IL- 6明显增加 ,而集合管上皮细胞则无明显改变。结论 :近曲小管和集合管上皮细胞在炎症介质的产生上具有不同的生物学特征     

锌转运体-1在小鼠肾脏的表达

目的研究锌转运体-1(zinc transporter1,ZnT-1)在小鼠肾脏的定位分布。方法应用免疫组织化学技术和免疫印迹技术检测小鼠肾脏中ZnT-1的分布。结果 ZnT-1在肾脏内有丰富表达,其主要分布于远曲小管上皮细胞的近腔侧和基底侧的细胞膜上,而在肾小体、肾小管的其它部分以及髓质中的分布较少。结论小鼠肾脏内含有丰富的ZnT-1,ZnT-1可能参与了锌离子在肾脏的排泄和重吸收过程。     

苏皖地区儿童随意尿THP的正常值调查

Tamm-Horsfall蛋白(Tamm-Horsfallprotein,THP)是一种大分子糖蛋白,主要来源于肾脏,THP合成于髓袢升支粗段及远曲小管上皮细胞内的高尔基体,分布在髓袢升支粗段及远曲小管上皮细胞表面。体内正常量的THP(无论是尿液还是血液)有赖于正常肾组织的存在。肾病患者的血、尿THP含量减     

大鼠IgA肾病模型肾脏变化分析

目的探讨IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)大鼠肾小体、肾小囊、肾小球和近端肾小管病理变化。方法将20只SD雌性大鼠随机分成2组,即对照组和IgAN组(n=10)。用免疫荧光、HE染色和体视学方法,测出2组动物肾小体、肾小囊和肾小球体密度、球囊体积比、肾小体数密度、肾小体和肾小球长径、近端肾小管管腔和管壁面积及其比值,比较其差异。结果IgA免疫荧光染色,IgAN组皮质部见较强绿色荧光。与对照组比,IgAN组肾小体体密度增大,肾小囊体密度增大,肾小球体密度减小,球囊比减小,肾小体数密度变化差异无显著性,肾小体长径增大,肾小球长径减小,近端肾小管管腔面积减小,管壁面积增大,腔壁比减小。结论 IgAN大鼠肾小体和肾小囊增大,肾小球减小,近曲小管细胞体积增大,管腔变小。     

扬子鳄（Alligator sinensis）肾的超微结构

用透射电镜观察扬子鳄肾的超微结构。它的近曲小管和收集管上皮细胞无质膜内褶，远曲小管上皮细胞有较少的质膜内褶。扬子鳄肾小管的这些结构特征与它们在淡水生活有关。本文还就扬子鳄的栖息环境及其肾的超微结构与关咸水生活的美洲鳄进行了比较。     

Analysis of the changes of renal tissue in the rat model of IgA nephropathy

目的 探讨IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)大鼠肾小体、肾小囊、肾小球和近端肾小管病理变化.方法 将20只SD雌性大鼠随机分成2组,即对照组和IgAN组(n=10).用免疫荧光、HE染色和体视学方法,测出2组动物肾小体、肾小囊和肾小球体密度、球囊体积比、肾小体数密度、肾小体和肾小球长径、近端肾小管管腔和管壁面积及其比值,比较其差异.结果 IgA免疫荧光染色,IgAN组皮质部见较强绿色荧光.与对照组比,IgAN组肾小体体密度增大,肾小囊体密度增大,肾小球体密度减小,球囊比减小,肾小体数密度变化差异无显著性,肾小体长径增大,肾小球长径减小,近端肾小管管腔面积减小,管壁面积增大,腔壁比减小.结论 IgAN大鼠肾小体和肾小囊增大,肾小球减小,近曲小管细胞体积增大,管腔变小.     

用微分离方法培养肾皮质近曲肾小管和髓质集合管上皮细胞及其生物学 …

在肾间质发病过程中,各段肾小管上皮细胞受到的侵害和发挥的作用不同,为了探讨不同节段肾小管上皮细胞的生物学特征,作者利用微分离的方法在解剖显微镜下获得肾脏皮质近曲小管和髓质集合管进行体外培养,分别得到了纯净的近曲小管和集合管上皮细胞,通过细胞免疫组化和耐高渗实验方法对该两种细胞进行区分和鉴定,利用ＥＬＩＳＡ和细胞株依赖方法检测了该两种上皮细胞表达血管紧张素ＩＩＡＴ－１受体和分泌白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－     

ACEI联合ARBs在降低糖尿病肾病患者肾损害中的作用探讨

目的拟对血管紧张素I转换酶抑制剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI)以及血管紧张素I 受体抑制剂(angiotensin receptor blocks, ARBs)在改善糖尿病并发肾病患者肾功能的机理进行研究和探讨。方法本院收治的糖尿病合并肾病患者44例,其中伴高血压患者40例(91%),高血脂21例(48%),缺血性心肌病5例(11%)。入院时尿蛋白"+"2例,"++"31例,"+++"11例。治疗：入院后采用卡托普利(Captopri)及氯沙坦(Losartan)治疗,每3h测一次血钾浓度,每8h尿检一次。记录：记录1w内患者血钾波动情况及尿检情况。动物实验：80只SD糖尿病模型大鼠随机分为ACEI联合ARBs治疗组,ACEI治疗组,ARBs治疗组及对照组,每组20只。通过文献查得用药剂量后分别给予各用用药,对照组给予生理盐水,每4h收集大鼠尿液1次检查蛋白情况。分别于1w,2w后每组取10只大鼠灌注取肾,切片行HE染色后观察并记录肾小球、近曲小管、远曲小管和集合管改变。结果采用ACEI及ARBs联合治疗患者在1w内尿蛋白明显好转,阴性为37例(84%),7例(16%)为"+"。ACEI及ARBs联合治疗SD糖尿病模型大鼠肾小球形态正常,近曲小管与远曲小管形态均正常,血管基底膜完整。ACEI组肾小球形态正常,近曲小管与远曲小管呈轻度挛缩状,血管基底膜正常。 ARBs组与对照组肾小球形态显著改变,近曲小管与远曲小管均发生明显迂曲,血管基底膜局部缺失。结论 ACEI联合ARBs通过缓解血管平滑肌痉挛改善肾小球,近曲小管与远曲小管的滤过率,改善并保持了血管基底膜的完整,从而减少了蛋白的滤出,达到治疗蛋白尿的目的。     

鸡胚肾（小管）发生中相关活性物质的表达及调控意义

目的观察表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和水通道蛋白-2(AQP-2)及Bax蛋白在鸡胚肾(小管)发生过程中的表达,探讨它们的生物活性作用及相互之间的调控意义。方法应用免疫组织化学染色和体视学半定量方法,检测EGFR、TGF-β(β1、β2、β3)、AQP-2及Bax蛋白在10~46期鸡胚共36例肾组织发生中的表达,用IPP专业图像分析软件对其表达强度进行定量分析。结果第26~46期鸡胚肾的近端小管上皮细胞呈EGFR免疫反应阳性;第26~37期中肾的近端小管上皮细胞和远端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β免疫反应阳性,第33~40期后肾的近端小管上皮细胞和远端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β免疫反应阳性,第44~46期近端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β免疫反应阳性,远端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β免疫反应阴性;第26~46期鸡胚肾的集合小管上皮细胞呈AQP-2免疫反应阳性;第26~37期中肾近端小管和远端小管上皮细胞呈Bax反应阳性,第33~46期后肾近端小管上皮细胞呈Bax免疫反应阳性。图像分析显示,在鸡胚肾发生过程中,EGFR、TGF-β(β1、β2、β3)和Bax蛋白的阳性反应呈现先增强后减弱的变化,AQP-2阳性反应呈持续增强的趋势。结论鸡的中肾具有排泄功能,中肾肾小管的退化可能与TGF-β和Bax蛋白的大量表达有关。EGFR、TGF-β、AQP-2和Bax蛋白的协同表达调控着后肾肾小管和集合小管的发生及分化成熟。在肾脏发育过程中AQP-2可能介导胚胎发育过程中水平衡的稳定。     

Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to infectious bronchitis virus in chicks

Two-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated intranasally with the MA-87 strain of infectious bronchitis virus, and trachea and kidney lesions studied histologically and immunohistochemically. Lesions and viral antigen were first detected in the trachea; severe damage was then observed in the kidney. Viral antigen appeared prior to the development of renal lesions and was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by 4 days post-inoculation (p.i.). The epithelial cells of the collecting ducts, collecting tubules and distal convoluted tubules were first affected, followed by involvement of Henle's loops, whereas the proximal convoluted tubules were only minimally affected. Antigen-positive cells of ducts and tubules were degenerated and desquamated. The severe epithelial cell damage resulted in infiltration of heterophils and macrophages in the interstitium, ducts and tubules. The detection of viral antigen was consistent with the distribution of histological lesions at 6 to 8 days p.i. At a later stage, antigen-positive cells disappeared and repair of epithelial cells was seen, accompanied by interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and lymphoid nodular formation.     

花背蟾蜍肾发生中转化生长因子β、水通道蛋白2及Bax的表达

目的 观察转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、水通道蛋白-2 (AQP-2)及Bax蛋白在花背蟾蜍肾(小管)发生过程中的表达,探讨它们的生物活性作用及相互之间的调控意义. 方法 选取18～38期各期蝌蚪、幼蟾和成蟾各5只,应用免疫组织化学染色和体视学半定量方法,对其肾组织发生中TGF-β (β2、β3)、AQP-2及Bax蛋白的表达进行检测,用IPP专业图像分析软件对其表达强度进行定量分析. 结果 第26～32期蝌蚪前肾近端小管和远端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β2免疫反应阳性,第34～38期蝌蚪及幼蟾和成蟾中肾近端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β2免疫反应阳性;第26～30期蝌蚪前肾近端小管和远端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β3免疫反应阳性,第32～38期蝌蚪及幼蟾和成蟾中肾近端小管上皮细胞呈TGF-β3免疫反应阳性;第26～38期蝌蚪及幼蟾和成蟾肾集合小管上皮细胞呈AQP-2免疫反应阳性;第26～34期蝌蚪肾近端小管和远端小管上皮细胞呈Bax蛋白免疫反应阳性,第38期蝌蚪及幼蟾和成蟾中肾近端小管上皮细胞呈Bax蛋白免疫反应阳性.在肾发生过程中,TGF-β (β2、β3)和Bax蛋白的阳性反应呈现先增强后减弱的变化,AQP-2阳性反应呈持续增强的趋势. 结论 前肾肾小管的退化可能与TGF-β和Bax蛋白的大量表达有关,AQP-2可能介导肾发育过程中水平衡的稳定.     

Animal model: renal lesions in cats with Chediak-Higashi-Steinbrinck syndrome

In this study designed to characterize the renal lesions in cats with the autosomal recessive Chediak-Higashi-Steinbrinck syndrome (CHS), the renal tubular epithelial cells of CHS cats were examined by light microscopy. Numerous cells of proximal convoluted and straight tubules, thin loop of Henle, distal convoluted and straight tubules, and collecting tubules contained enlarged cytoplasmic granules morphologically consistent with lysosomes. In general, the enlarged lysosomes were larger and more numerous in proximal convoluted and straight tubular cells and were generally more massive in older cats. The lesions observed were similar to those in the renal epithelial cells of other species with CHS and were consistent with those reported previously in other tissues of CHS cats. It is concluded that CHS cats are an appropriate model in which to study the effects of the CHS renal lesions on renal function in this syndrome.     

Specialized junction in the distal convoluted tubule of rat kidney.

The ultrastructure and permeability of the apical junctions between epithelial cells of the distal nephron have been studied in rat kidney using a collidal lanthanum tracer and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The apical intercellular junctions of the macula densa and juxtaglomerular segment of the early distal convoluted tubule measure up to 0.5 mu in length and about 50 A in width. Lanthanum permeates the occluding portion of these junctions in a discontinuous manner, defining a series of closely spaced and parallel lines of fusion that run in a direction perpendicular to the apical-basal axis of the tubular cells. The apical junctions of the remainder of the distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules are impermeable bolanthanum. This distinctive apical tight junction can account for the greater permeability to ions of the early distal convoluted vs. late distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules.     

电针“足三里”穴对肾小体及肾小管超微结构的作用

电针“足三里”穴引起肾小体过滤膜通透性增强,表现为毛细血管内皮小孔轻度扩张、基膜增厚、密度变浅。但足细胞裂孔直径未改变,同时,肾小管机能活性升高。近端与远端小管曲部上皮微绒毛加长、顶端小泡及溶酶体数目增多、基底皱褶伸长。近小球体细胞合成肾素的机能亦增加。总之,针刺后肾脏的过滤、重吸收、排泄及分泌功能均加强。本文还探讨了针刺镇痛与肾超微结构变化之间的相互关系、联系方式及其机能调整等问题。     

Citrinin nephrotoxicity in rats: A light and electron microscopic study

Citrinin, a myocotoxin produced by Penicillium citrinum, causes hepatic and renal damage. This study describes light and electron microscopic changes in rat kidneys at intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr following administration of 50 mg/kg citrinin. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the most prominent change was cytoplasmic vacuolization of epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules. This vacuolar change involved clusters of proximal convolutions. Such focal changes were distributed throughout the cortex. Other components of the cortex and medulla appeared relatively normal morphologically; distal tubular damage was not observed. At 48 hr following administration of citrinin, multifocal areas of necrotic proximal convoluted tubules were observed. Extensive mineral deposits were present in the necrotic areas. Intact proximal and distal tubules were observed between the necrotic areas, and components of the medulla were not appreciably altered. At 72 hr, various degrees of regeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells were noted in areas of necrosis in the cortex. Ninety-six hours following citrinin administration, tubular regeneration was still prominent and, in some cases, kidneys appeared completely normal morphologically.     

Innervation of the kidney in Lacerta muralis (Laur)]

Study of the kidney innervation in the lizard (Lacerta muralis), using the silver impregnation technique, showed nerve terminals with the same contiguous relationship to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and Bowman's capsule as in Mammals. Innervation of these segments may serve to regulate the contractile activity assigned to the capsule and tubule epithelial cells by various workers. Perimetral fibres were also noted on the so-called "sexual segment". Their target is probably the myoepithelial cells that surround this segment, though the possibility that they regulate its secretory activity cannot be excluded.