富血小板血浆在种植体周围骨缺损修复中的实验研究

目的:探讨富血小板血浆(platelet-richplasma,PRP)、PRP复合骨诱导活性材料(osteoinduction active material,OAM)对种植体周围骨缺损修复的作用。方法:Beagle犬4只,拔除每只犬一侧下颌第一、二前磨牙及其双侧下颌第四前磨牙作为实验牙位。3个月后拔牙处植入种植体,每只犬共植入3颗种植体,第一、二前磨牙牙位植入1颗种植体为对照组,对侧第四前磨牙牙位植入1颗种植体为实验A组,同侧第四前磨牙牙位植入1颗种植体为实验B组。种植术中同期制备种植体周围骨缺损并植入相应骨移植材料:A组植入PRP/OAM;B组植入PRP/磷酸三钙;对照组植入磷酸三钙。种植术后8、16周处死动物,进行组织学观察,测量种植体周围骨密度,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果:8周时,实验A组新骨与种植体形成区段性骨结合;实验B组种植体边缘可见新骨形成,但量较少;对照组种植体边缘为纤维性界面。8周时骨密度测量,各组间骨密度差异无统计学意义。16周时,实验A组可见哈佛系统,实验A、B组新骨与种植体形成骨整合;对照组仅为纤维性结合。16周时骨密度测量,两实验组骨密度均显著高于对照组。结论:PRP及PRP/OAM可促进种植体周围骨缺损修复。     

富血小板血浆与骨诱导活性材料复合物促种植体周骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的:观察富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)、PRP复合骨诱导活性材料(osteoinduction active material,OAM)对种植体周围骨缺损的修复效果,探讨其作为种植体周围骨缺损修复材料的可行性.方法:Beagle犬4只,拔除双侧下颌第一、二、四前磨牙,3个月后植入种植体,制备种植体周围骨缺损并植入相应骨移植材料.A组植入PRP/ OAM,B组植入PRP,磷酸三钙,对照组植入磷酸三钙.种植术后8、16周各处死2只动物,进行组织学观察,能谱分析种植体-新骨界面Ca2+含量,采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析.结果:8周时,实验A组新骨与种植体形成区段性骨结合;实验B组种植体边缘可见新骨形成,但量较少;对照组种植体边缘为纤维性界面.16周时,实验A组可见哈佛系统,实验A、B组新骨与种植体形成骨整合;对照组为纤维性结合.能谱分析显示,8、16周时各组间钙含量百分比均存在显著差异.实验A组最高,实验B组其次,对照组最低.结论:PRP及PRP/OAM应用于种植体周围骨缺损中,可以促进骨缺损的修复,并形成理想的种植体-骨结合界面.     

骨诱导活性材料复合富血小板血浆修复犬种植体周围骨缺损

目的从组织学角度评价骨诱导活性材料(osteoinduction active material,OAM)复合富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plas-ma,PRP)对种植体周围骨缺损的修复效果。方法Beagle犬4只,拔除下颌1、2、4前磨牙。每只犬左右两侧实验牙位随机分为实验侧和对照侧,实验侧第4前磨牙牙位为实验A组,第1、2前磨牙牙位为实验B组,对照侧第1、2前磨牙牙位为对照组。3个月后植入种植体,制备种植体周围骨缺损。实验A组骨缺损区植入OAM/PRP;B组植入OAM;对照组植入磷酸三钙。8、16周分别处死动物2只,进行组织学观察,能谱分析种植体-新骨界面Ca含量。结果8周时,A、B组新骨与种植体形成区段性骨结合,对照组种植体边缘为纤维性界面。各组间种植体-新骨界面Ca含量存在显著性差异。16周时,实验A、B组可见哈佛氏系统,新骨与种植体形成骨整合,对照组为纤维性结合。实验各组Ca含量均显著高于对照组。结论OAM及PRP/OAM能促进种植体周围骨缺损修复。     

骨诱导活性材料修复犬种植体周围骨缺损的实验研究

目的:通过动物实验,探讨骨诱导活性材料(osteoinduction active material,OAM)对种植体周围骨缺损的修复能力.为临床应用提供实验依据.方法:Beagle犬4只,拔除双侧下颌第一、二前磨牙.将每只犬的两侧实验牙位随机分为实验侧和对照侧.拔牙后3个月植入种植体,建立种植体周围骨缺损模型.实验组种植体周围骨缺损区植入OAM,对照组植入磷酸三钙.于植入后第8、16周分别处死2只动物,进行组织学、扫描电镜观察.测量骨密度.能谱分析种植体一新骨界面Ca2+含量,采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行t检验.结果:8周时,实验组新骨与种植体形成区段性骨结合,对照组种植体边缘为纤维性界面.实验组与对照组骨密度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),实验组种植体一新骨界面Caz+含量(22.16±3.33)显著高于对照组(3.13±2.44)(P＜0.05).16周时,实验组新生骨与种植体形成骨整合,对照组为纤维性结合.实验组骨密度显著高于对照组(P＜0.051,实验组种植体一新骨界面Ca2+含量(42.23±6.20)显著高于对照组(10.40±3.12)(P＜0.05).结论:OAM能促进种植体周围骨缺损修复,并促进种植体一骨界面形成较完善的骨整合.     

富血小板血浆修复种植体周围骨缺损的实验研究

目的探讨富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)修复种植体周围骨缺损的能力。方法Beagle犬4只,拔除单侧下颌1、2、4前磨牙作为实验牙位。3个月后植入种植体,其周围制备骨缺损并植入相应骨移植材料:实验组植入PRP/磷酸三钙(tricalcium phosphate,TCP);对照组植入TCP。8、16周分别处死动物2只,进行组织学、扫描电镜观察,观察新骨形成和种植体-新骨界面情况,能谱分析种植体-新骨界面Ca含量。结果8周及16周通过肉眼及组织学观察,实验组修复效果优于对照组,种植体-新骨界面Ca含量均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论PRP/TCP作为修复种植体周围骨缺损的骨移植材料具有可行性。     

BMSCs复合PRP修复牙种植体周围骨缺损的实验研究

目的:探讨骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)复合富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)修复牙种植体周围骨缺损的可行性。方法:拔除6只Beagle犬双侧下颌8颗前磨牙,术后1个月抽取犬骨髓,采用全骨髓贴壁法培养BMSCs,并向成骨细胞诱导,将BMSCs与PRP、β-磷酸三钙(β-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)分别复合形成组织工程化复合物。术后2个月,在实验犬每侧下颌缺牙区分别植入BLB4mm×11mm种植体4颗,同时在每个种植体的近中制造4mm×4mm×5mm大小的骨缺损,分别植入BMSCs-PRP复合凝胶、自体骨、BMSCs-β-TCP复合物以及空白对照,分别于种植术后4、8、12周各处死2只犬,行大体、环境扫描电镜及组织学检查,观察各个时期各组骨缺损区的成骨情况以及新生骨与种植体间骨结合情况。结果:3个实验组在术后4、8、12周均有不同程度的骨组织再生,而空白对照组只有少量骨组织再生。各个时期内扫描电镜观察显示BMSCs-PRP组新生骨与种植体间的骨结合较其他三组多。结论:BMSCs-PRP复合凝胶是一种良好的骨修复材料,具有促进新骨形成及种植体骨结合的效应。     

富血小板血浆复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石在即刻种植术中的应用

目的:探讨富血小板血浆复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石,修复即刻种植时种植体周围骨缺损的效果。方法:8只实验用犬,拔除双侧下颌第2、3、4前磨牙,每个拔牙窝即刻植入1枚种植体,并制备种植体颈部的半环状骨缺损。将同一实验犬的6处种植体周骨缺损随机分为3组给予不同方法处理,每组2处。具体如下:A组骨缺损中植入珊瑚羟基磷灰石-富血小板血浆复合物,B组骨缺损中单纯植入珊瑚羟基磷灰石,C组中骨缺损空置。术后3个月处死动物,制作标本,分别进行大体观察,生物力学测试,组织形态学观察、测试(骨结合率)。结果:骨结合率、生物力学结果一致,均为A组最佳,B组次之,C组最差,且3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:富血小板血浆复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石可促进即刻种植时种植体周围的骨生成,提高骨结合率。     

浓缩生长因子促进犬种植体周围骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的:探讨浓缩生长因子(concentrate growth factors,CGF)促进犬种植体周围骨缺损修复的能力。方法:Beagle犬4只,拔除双侧下颌第一前磨牙作为实验牙位。3个月后,待拔牙窝内骨组织基本成熟后植入种植体,其周围制备骨缺损(外侧壁制备深4 mm,颊舌及近远中向各1 mm的环行骨缺损)并植入骨移植材料;随机选取实验动物的左右侧下颌第一前磨牙,分别作为实验组和对照组,实验组植入CGF与磷酸三钙(tricalcium phosphate,TCP)的混合物;对照组植入TCP。8、16周后分别处死动物2只,进行X线、组织学观察,能谱分析种植体-新骨界面钙含量。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:8周及16周时,肉眼及组织学观察发现,实验组修复效果显著优于对照组,种植体-新骨界面钙含量均高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:CGF能够促进犬种植体周围骨缺损的修复,缩短骨整合时间,提高愈合质量。     

Gel-HA-M/PRP复合材料对种植体周围骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的:观察明胶-羟基磷灰石-米诺环素(Gel-HA-M)纳米复合物与富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)复合(GEL-HA-M/PRP)修复种植体周围骨缺损的效果,探讨其作为种植体周围骨缺损修复材料的可行性.方法:普通健康杂种犬6只,拔除双侧下颌第二、三、四前磨牙,3个月后每侧拔牙处植入3枚...     

三种骨替代材料修复犬下颌种植体周围骨缺损的实验研究

目的:本研究旨在通过自固化磷酸钙活性人工骨(CPC/rhBMP-2)、自固化磷酸钙(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)、生物活性玻璃倍骼生(PerioGlas)修复种植体周围骨缺损的动物实验研究,比较三种材料修复种植体周围骨缺损的效果。方法:选取3只beagle犬,每侧下颌各拔除第三、四前磨牙及第一磨牙,3个月后,制备种植窝,然后在每侧下颌骨分别植入2枚纯钛骨融合式螺旋状种植体(直径3.3 mm,长度10 mm),同时在每个种植体冠部制成宽1～1.25 mm,深5 mm的环沟型骨缺损。采用自身对照,每只犬下颌的4枚种植体周的骨缺损作不同处理,随机分组结果如下:A组空置,B组植入PerioGlas,C组植入CPC,D组植入CPC/rhBMP-2。术后3个月取样本,制成带种植体的超硬组织切片,进行组织形态学观察,骨结合百分率测定和计算机组织图像分析。结果:B、C、D组种植体周围骨缺损均有新骨形成,植骨区骨-种植体结合率D组(49.48%)最高,C组(46.16%)次之,B组(42.71%)再次,A组(33.68%)最低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:自固化磷酸钙活性人工骨、自固化磷酸钙、倍骼生这3种材料均能促进种植体周围骨缺损的骨再生。组织学结果显示自固化磷酸钙活性人工骨的新骨形成及成熟度,材料降解均优于其余3组。     

Growth factor levels in the platelet-rich plasma produced by 2 different methods: curasan-type PRP kit versus PCCS PRP system

PURPOSE: Potential treatments using autologous thrombocyte growth factors are an important reason to improve methods for isolating platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Two methods for extracting PRP directly by the surgeon are currently available; this study was conducted to compare the growth factor levels in the resulting PRP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole blood was drawn from 46 healthy donors (17 men, 29 women) aged 20 to 59 years (29.9 +/- 7.8). PRP was then separated from each sample by both the PCCS (3i) and Curasan (PRP Kit, Curasan) methods. RESULTS: The growth factor content differed significantly for TGF-beta1 (PCCS 467.1 ng/mL; Curasan 79.7 ng/mL) (sign test P < .0001) and PDGF-AB (PCCS 251.8 ng/mL; Curasan 314.1 ng/mL) (P < .0001); this was less significant for IGF-I (PCCS 91.0 ng//mL; Curasan 69.5 ng/mL) (P < .02). The higher platelet count in the PCCS PRP (PCCS 2,232,500/microL; Curasan 1,140,500/microL) seemed to correlate with a higher level of TGF-beta1 (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r(s) = 0.7), whereas the higher leukocyte count in the Curasan PRP (PCCS 15,300/microL; Curasan 33,150/pL) had only a minor correlation with higher levels of PDGF-AB (r(s) = 0.46). DISCUSSION: The PCCS end product has both a higher platelet count and a higher total content of the growth factors investigated. Nevertheless, the biologic effect of the evaluated growth factor levels remains unknown. The amount of PRP necessary to achieve the intended biologic effects still remains unclear. CONCLUSION: PRP contains growth factors in high concentrations. Precise predictions of growth factor levels based on the thrombocyte counts of whole blood or PRP appeared limited. There are different sources for growth factors (platelets, leukocytes, plasma).     

The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRP) extracts in dental implantology and oral surgery

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), made from autologous blood, is being used to deliver growth factors in high concentration to sites requiring osseous grafting. Growth factors released from the platelets include Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-b) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). These factors signal the local mesenchymal and epithelial cells to migrate, divide, and increase collagen and matrix synthesis. PRP has been suggested for use to increase the rate of bone deposition and quality of bone regeneration when augmenting sites prior to or in conjunction with dental implant placement. There is still lack of scientific evidence to support the use of PRP and PRF in combination with bone grafts during augmentation procedures. Further research is warranted.     

Impact of incubation method on the release of growth factors in non-Ca2+-activated PRP,Ca2+-activated PRP,PRF and A-PRF

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different incubation methods on the growth factor content of lysates of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), advanced-platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products. A comparison of related studies suggests that the method of sample preparation has a significant influence on growth factor content. There are few reports on the comparison of non-Ca²⁺-activated PRP, Ca²⁺-activated PRP, A-PRF, and PRF, along with a lack of information on the release of PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, and VEGF among the different incubation methods.The lysate preparation was made of non-Ca²⁺-activated PRP, Ca²⁺-activated PRP, PRF, and A-PRF, using a room-temperature, 37 °C, or freeze–thaw–freeze incubation method. Afterwards the VEGF, PDGF-BB, and TGF-β1 content was investigated by running ELISA tests.Growth factor levels were significantly increased in the non-Ca²⁺-activated PRP with freeze–thaw–freeze incubation, and in the PRF preparation there was a significant disadvantage to using room temperature incubation for releasing growth factors.In conclusion, the freeze–thaw–freeze method is sufficient for releasing growth factors, and calcium activation is not necessary. Finally, the study demonstrates the possibility of preparing PRP products from platelet concentrates, so that preoperative blood sampling might not be required.     

Curasan PRP kit vs. PCCS PRP system. Collection efficiency and platelet counts of two different methods for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma

An important reason to improve methods of isolating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the potential use of autologous thrombocyte growth factors. In addition to discontinuous cell separation, two methods for extracting PRP that can be performed directly by the surgeon are now available. This study compared the suitability of these two methods for the preparation of PRP. Whole blood was drawn from 47 healthy donors (18 men, 29 women) aged 20-59 years (mean 29.9, SD 7.7). For each donor, PRP was separated by the PCCS method (PCCS Kit, 3i Implant Innovations, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA) and by the Curasan method (analogous to the PRP kit, Curasan, Kleinostheim, Germany). Thrombocyte counts differed significantly (sign test P = 0.001) between the donor blood (mean 290,000/ micro l, SD 86,000/ microl), the PCCS PRP preparation (mean 2,209,000/ microl, SD 901,000/ microl), and the Curasan PRP (mean 1,075,000/ micro l, SD 636,000/ microl). The correlation between the thrombocyte count in the PRP and the thrombocyte count in the donor whole blood was greater for the PCCS PRP (Spearman's correlation coefficient rS = 0.60) than for the Curasan PRP (r(S) = 0.34). A slight, clinically irrelevant, influence of gender on thrombocyte concentration in whole blood was found, but no influence of age was detected.     

Applications of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in contemporary pediatric dentistry

Current evidence and understanding of bone science recognize the pivotal role of growth factors in all the aspects of bone grafting and regeneration. Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is one of the richest sources of growth factors to enhance bone regeneration. The present article aims to highlight the basic mechanisms involved in the successful use of PRP and its clinical applications in Pediatric dentistry based on our case-reports citing its use for bone grafting in young children. With pertinence to its current advantages and recent applications, PRP could soon prove to be an invaluable tool for pediatric dental surgeons worldwide.     

富血小板血浆与富血小板纤维蛋白联合冻干法研究进展

手术使用的浓缩血小板是再生医学的创新材料,富血小板血浆(PRP)是第一代富含血小板的浓缩物,已广泛应用于促进软硬组织愈合。富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)是由法国学者Choukroun等首次提出的新一代血小板浓缩物,较传统富血小板血浆更具有应用优势。冻干法是保存生物制品的常规方法,也是控制支架空隙大小并保存其原有成分的有效手段。本文就于富血小板血浆和富血小板纤维蛋白结合冻干法应用于组织发育与再生作一综述。     

Comparative release of growth factors from PRP,PRF, and advanced-PRF

Objectives

The use of platelet concentrates has gained increasing awareness in recent years for regenerative procedures in modern dentistry. The aim of the present study was to compare growth factor release over time from platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and a modernized protocol for PRF, advanced-PRF (A-PRF).

Materials and methods

Eighteen blood samples were collected from six donors (3 samples each for PRP, PRF, and A-PRF). Following preparation, samples were incubated in a plate shaker and assessed for growth factor release at 15 min, 60 min, 8 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 10 days. Thereafter, growth factor release of PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, TGFB1, VEGF, EGF, and IGF was quantified using ELISA.

Results

The highest reported growth factor released from platelet concentrates was PDGF-AA followed by PDGF-BB, TGFB1, VEGF, and PDGF-AB. In general, following 15–60 min incubation, PRP released significantly higher growth factors when compared to PRF and A-PRF. At later time points up to 10 days, it was routinely found that A-PRF released the highest total growth factors. Furthermore, A-PRF released significantly higher total protein accumulated over a 10-day period when compared to PRP or PRF.

Conclusion

The results from the present study indicate that the various platelet concentrates have quite different release kinetics. The advantage of PRP is the release of significantly higher proteins at earlier time points whereas PRF displayed a continual and steady release of growth factors over a 10-day period. Furthermore, in general, it was observed that the new formulation of PRF (A-PRF) released significantly higher total quantities of growth factors when compared to traditional PRF.

Clinical relevance

Based on these findings, PRP can be recommended for fast delivery of growth factors whereas A-PRF is better-suited for long-term release.

     

富血小板血浆复合MTA盖髓的组织学观察

目的:从组织学方面探讨富血小板血浆(PRP)作为自身复合生长因子用于盖髓修复治疗的可行性。方法:选取2条健康成年杂种犬50颗牙齿,对每颗实验牙进行人工穿髓,制造牙髓损伤模型,单独应用PRP或将PRP与Dycal或MTA复合进行盖髓治疗,并设Dycal盖髓组和MTA盖髓组作为对照组进行比较,观察12周后各实验组修复性牙本质桥形成情况。结果:术后12周,MTA盖髓组中6例有完整的修复性牙本质桥形成;PRP组所有标本均未见有完整的修复性牙本质桥形成;PRP复合MTA盖髓组10例标本均可形成完整修复性牙本质桥;Dycal组有3例完整修复性牙本质桥形成;Dycal与PRP组1例有完整的修复性牙本质桥。结论:PRP与MTA复合盖髓具有良好的牙髓修复效果。     

PRP复合间充质干细胞在颌骨组织工程领域的应用

组织工程骨修复骨缺损是目前研究的热点，种子细胞、生长因子以及生物支架材料是构建组织工程骨的三大要素。由于间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）具有多向分化潜能，能向成骨细胞分化，取材容易，体外易扩增，免疫原性低等优点，是理想的种子细胞。富血小板血浆（platelet rich plasma，PRP）中富含大量自体源性生长因子，能诱导MSCs增殖分化，促进骨再生。PRP复合MSCs行组织工程化骨具有一定可行性，已应用于颌骨缺损的修复、牙周组织再生以及种植外科等领域的研究。本文就PRP复合MSCs在口腔颌面骨组织工程领域的应用现状作一综述。