大豆异黄酮心血管作用的研究进展

异黄酮是一类具有雌激素样作用的生物活性物质。大豆中的异黄酮主要有两种形式：染料木黄酮和黄豆苷原。近年来发现，大豆异黄酮具有较强的扰动脉粥样硬化和舒血管效应，影响细胞增殖和新生血管的形成，对心血管有保护和调节作用。     

雌马酚产出相关细菌研究进展

大豆异黄酮的苷元主要为染料木素和大豆素,可预防和改善多种疾病.近年来,大量研究表明大豆异黄酮的生物作用某种程度上归因于雌马酚.大豆素在肠道内由特定菌群转化为雌马酚,并不是所有人都可以产生雌马酚.本文综述了人体和动物肠道中与雌马酚产出有关的细菌,重点介绍了目前分离得到的能够直接将大豆素转化为雌马酚的菌株.可产雌马酚的相关细菌经体外厌氧培养能产生雌马酚.     

染料木黄酮在性激素相关疾病研究中的进展

染料木黄酮是存在于大豆及其制品中的一类多酚类化合物,其化学名为4,5,7-三羟基异黄酮,20世纪50年代,被证实具有雌激素样活性[1],而其受到医学界的普遍关注是在发现其为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂以后.流行病学研究资料表明[2],大豆作为人体染料木黄酮摄入的主要食物来源,可能与中国、日本等东方国家比美国、英国等西方国家人口相对患前列腺癌低等有关.近年研究发现染料木黄酮对其他性激素相关疾病也有一定防治作用.     

大豆异黄酮对Aβ25～35诱导的Alzheimer病模型大鼠海马组织形态及超微结构的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对Aβ25～35诱导的Alzheimer病（AD）模型大鼠海马组织形态及超微结构的影响。方法采用Aβ25～35双侧海马注射的AD模型大鼠,分组后给予不同剂量大豆异黄酮,HE染色及透射电镜观察大豆异黄酮对海马组织形态及超微结构的影响。结果HE染色显示,模型组大鼠海马CA1～CA4区及齿状回神经元数量较假手术组明显减少,可见较多的神经细胞胞质浓染,核固缩。大豆异黄酮治疗组及雌激素治疗组神经元数量较模型组增多,胞质浓染神经元少见。透射电镜下,模型组海马CA1区神经元较少,可见部分神经细胞膜皱缩,胞体缩小,核膜完整,核染色质电子密度增强。大豆异黄酮治疗组大鼠海马CA1区异常神经元较模型组明显减少。结论大豆异黄酮能有效地改善Aβ25～35所致AD大鼠海马神经元丢失。     

大豆异黄酮对Aβ25～35诱导的Alzheimer病模型大鼠海马组织形态及超微结构的影舷

目的 研究大豆异黄酮对Aβ25～35诱导的Alzheimer病(AD)模型大鼠海马组织形态及超微结构的影响.方法 采用Aβ25～35双侧海马注射的AD模型大鼠,分组后给予不同剂量大豆异黄酮,HE染色及透射电镜观察大豆异黄酮对海马组织形态及超微结构的影响.结果 HE染色显示,模型组大鼠海马CA1～CA4区及齿状回神经元数量较假手术组明显减少,可见较多的神经细胞胞质浓染,核固缩.大豆异黄酮治疗组及雌激素治疗组神经元数量较模型组增多,胞质浓染神经元少见.透射电镜下,模型组海马CA1区神经元较少,可见部分神经细胞膜皱缩,胞体缩小,核膜完整,核染色质电子密度增强.大豆异黄酮治疗组大鼠海马CA1区异常神经元较模型组明显减少. 结论大豆异黄酮能有效地改善Aβ25～35所致AD大鼠海马神经元丢失.     

大豆异黄酮对Aβ25-35诱导的AD大鼠模型海马组织形态及超微结构的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对Aβ25-35诱导的阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠模型海马组织形态及超微结构的影响。方法采用Aβ25-35双侧海马注射的AD大鼠模型，分组后给予不同剂量大豆异黄酮，HE染色及透射电镜观察大豆异黄酮对海马组织形态及超微结构的影响。结果HE染色显示，模型组大鼠海马CA1～CA4区及齿状回神经元数量较假手术组明显减少，可见较多的神经细胞胞质浓染，核固缩。大豆异黄酮及雌激素治疗组神经元数量较模型组增多，胞质浓染神经元少见。透射电镜下，模型组海马CA1区神经元较少，可见部分神经细胞膜皱缩，胞体缩小，核膜完整，核染色质电子密度增强。大豆异黄酮治疗组大鼠海马CA1区异常神经元较模型组明显减少。结论大豆异黄酮能有效地改善Aβ25-35所致AD大鼠海马神经元丢失。     

染料木素抗Aβ神经毒性的信号机制及其研究进展

<正>β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)是脑神经细胞中淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)裂解产生的含有39~43个氨基酸的多肽,是形成老年斑(SP)和神经纤维缠结(NFT)的主要因素,与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生密切相关[1]。抑制Aβ的沉积及其神经毒性,被认为是预防和治疗AD等神经退行性疾病的根本途径。染料木素属于黄酮类化合物,其结构与雌激素相似,能竞争性结合雌激素受体(ER)发挥雌激素样功能,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑     

大豆异黄酮抗氧化作用与脑缺血防治

<正>大豆异黄酮(SI)主要活性成分有染料木黄酮(GEN),大豆黄素(DAI),黄豆黄素(GLY)等,大部分与糖结合以糖苷形式存在。大量研究显示,SI对人类有多种益处:调节血脂从而降低冠心病发生风险,防治骨质疏松,防治恶性肿瘤及神经保护作用等〔1,2〕。SI能够与雌激素受体(ER)结合,具有弱的雌激素活性,被称为植物雌激素。近年来发现DAI的体内代谢产物雌马酚的亲和力和雌激素样生物活性均较DAI强,受到学者的关     

大豆异黄酮对AD大鼠海马CaM-CaMPK信号转导通路相关蛋白的影响

目的通过观察大豆异黄酮对阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠海马钙调蛋白(CaM)-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(CaMPK)信号转导通路相关蛋白的影响,探讨大豆异黄酮治疗AD作用机制。方法采用Aβ双侧海马注射建立AD大鼠模型,分组后给予不同剂量大豆异黄酮,Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,ELISA法测定大鼠海马组织CaM、CaMPK含量,免疫组化SP法观察大鼠海马组织Ras蛋白的表达。结果大豆异黄酮可改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力(P<0.01),显著降低AD大鼠海马组织CaM、CaMPK的含量(P<0.01),显著降低AD大鼠海马组织Ras蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论大豆异黄酮可能通过降低AD大鼠海马CaM-CaMPK信号转导通路相关蛋白的表达起到治疗AD的作用。     

大豆异黄酮对绝经后妇女脑循环动力学影响的研究

目的观察大豆异黄酮对脑循环动力学参数的影响。方法采用随机研究方法将入选病例50例分为雌激素组10例，60mg、90mg、150mg大豆异黄酮组各10例，对照组10例，检测5组性激素、血脂、脑循环动力学参数指标。结果与对照组比较，60mg／d大豆异黄酮可使血雌激素（E）升高，促黄体生成素（FSH）、促卵泡素（LH）降低，血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白降低，高密度脂蛋白升高，脑循环动力学指标改善。结论60mg／d大豆异黄酮可使脑血流速度增加，脑血管外周阻力及动态阻力降低。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.