小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver damage.According to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection worldwide.Super-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic HBV.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis.Although the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was unclear.Acute HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Following acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination status.In our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.     

Combined surgical and interventional treatment of tandem carotid artery and middle cerebral artery embolus: A case report

BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.     

心脏不停跳下先心纠治术的临床分析

目的：探讨心脏不停跳下房室缺修补手术的优点，为心内直视房室缺修补手术提供一种安全可靠的方法。方法：106例房室缺患者，在体外循环心脏不停跳下行心内直视手术。其中室间隔缺损64例，房间隔缺损42例。结果：本组病例术中经过顺利，未出现室颤及空气栓塞。术后无神经系统并发症，于术后10-14d痊愈出院。结论：由于该方法不阻断升主动脉，保持冠状动脉持续血液供应，避免了主动脉阻断造成的心肌缺血缺氧性损害和再灌注损伤，对心肌和神经元保护有利。     

Cardiac complications in thalassemia: noninvasive detection methods and new directions in the clinical management

The natural history of thalassemia has shown substantial change during these years. This applies for each aspect of the pathology (for example, endocrinological, hepatological and psychological) and also for the pathology that has presented and still presents the main cause of death: myocardial dysfunction. In this review, the pathophysiology of cardiac complications, possible role of myocarditis, new knowledge on pathogenesis, and noninvasive detection methods for iron overload in the heart are pointed out. Prophylaxis of cardiomyopathy and new therapy strategies of myocardial dysfunction, including the impact of the new chelation treatment, are discussed.     

成人先天性心脏病的神经内分泌激活与慢性心力衰竭

目的检测成人先天性心脏病(先心病)的神经内分泌因子,探讨成人先心病是否存在神经内分泌激活及其临床意义。方法选取100例成人先心病患者,检测其心房利钠肽(ANP)、脑利钠肽(BNP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平,另选取年龄及性别与之相匹配的正常体检成人30例作为对照组。结果成人先心病血循环中的ANP(55.6±7.5)pmol/L、BNP(35.7±7.4)pmol/L、ET-1(2.42±0.31)pmol/L与对照组[ANP(3.1±0.6)pmol/L、BNP(5.7±0.9)pmol/L、ET-1(0.72±0.08)pmol/L]比较明显增高(均P<0.0001),NE(2.17±0.08)nmol/L、AngⅡ(188.3±11.5)ng/L、ALD(546.1±42.3)pmol/L与对照组[NE(1.63±0.13)nmol/L、AngⅡ(61.2±1.6)ng/L、ALD(336.4±22.8)pmol/L]比较明显增高(均P<0.001)。3个亚组随着疾病严重程度的加重,神经内分泌的激活就越明显。结论成人先心病的神经内分泌明显激活并具有慢性心力衰竭的特征,并与疾病的严重性密切相关。     

曲美他嗪对慢性阻塞性肺疾病心衰患者心功能影响的观察

目的:观察曲美他嗪对慢性阻塞性肺疾病心衰患者心功能的影响。方法:临床随机选取38 名慢性阻塞性肺气肿合并右心衰竭或全心功能不全患者,分成两组:曲美他嗪加常规治疗组19 人,常规治疗组19 人。曲美他嗪每次20mg,每日3次口服。连服20天后观察疗效。结果:曲美他嗪治疗组总有效率为94.7%,常规治疗对照组为73.7%。两组差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:曲美他嗪加常规治疗药物应用于慢性阻塞性肺气肿肺心病心衰病人的治疗,有显著改善心脏功能的作用。     

体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视术

本文旨在介绍可简化心内直视术操作，缩短心肺转流时间的心脏不停跳法。对不停跳法心内直视术的应用机制，优缺点和适应证进行了探讨。     

Heart Rate Variability in Isolated Rabbit Hearts

The presence of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with cardiac denervation after heart transplantation raised our interest in HRV of isolated, denervated hearts. Hearts from seven adult white ELCO rabbits were transferred to a perfusion apparatus. All hearts were perfused in the working mode and in the Langendorff mode for 20 minutes each. HRV was analyzed in the frequency domain. A computer simulated test ECG at a constant rate of 2 Hz was used for error estimation of the system. In the isolated, denervated heart, HRV was of random, broadband fluctuations, different from the well-characterized oscillations at specific frequencies in intact animals. Mean NN was 423 ± 51 ms in the Langendorff mode, 406 ± 33 ms in the working heart mode, and 500 ms in the test ECG. Total power was 663 ± 207 ms², 817 ± 318 ms², and 3.7 ms², respectively. There was no significant difference in any measure of HRV between Langendorff and working heart modes. The data provide evidence for the presence of HRV in isolated, denervated rabbit hearts. Left atrial and ventricular filling, i.e., the working heart mode, did not alter HRV, indicating that left atrial or ventricular stretch did not influence the sinus nodal discharge rate.     

瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽的影响

目的 观察瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)临床疗效及血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响.方法 80例冠心病并CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,对照组患者给予抗心力衰竭的常规治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗,每晚餐时服用20 mg,1次/d.两组均治疗6个月.两组分别于治疗前及治疗6个月后测定左室心功能指标及血浆BNP水平.同时观察临床症状、体征及药物不良反应.结果 治疗6个月后治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的心功能指标及血浆BNP水平的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01).结论 CHF患者在常规治疗同时加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,可以显著降低血浆BNP水平,改善心功能.