共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Scott D. Litwack Karen S. Mitchell Denise M. Sloan Annemarie F. Reardon Mark W. Miller 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Objective
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms have gone mostly unexamined among veterans. The current study assessed rates of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and diagnoses and their associations with common comorbidities among male and female veterans.Method
Participants were US military veterans who screened positive for trauma histories and/or a probable Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (n= 499). Symptoms of PTSD were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and symptoms of EDs, mood, and substance use disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV.Results
Lifetime rates of BN and BED diagnoses were comparable to civilian populations, and a considerable range of lifetime and current BN and BED symptoms were identified. In multivariate models, PTSD and depression severity were most consistently associated with BN and BED symptom severity, with depression most strongly associated with EDs for women.Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of screening for ED symptoms among male and female veterans, particularly those that present with PTSD and depression symptomatology. Future examinations of the temporal order of such relationships and the degree to which ED symptoms and associated symptoms impact veteran functioning are warranted. 相似文献2.
Paul E. Jenkins Renee Rienecke Hoste Angela Celio Doyle Kamryn Eddy Ross D. Crosby Laura Hill Pauline Powers James E. Mitchell Daniel Le Grange 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an emerging area of research in eating disorders (EDs) that has not been examined in adolescents in detail. The aim of the current study is to investigate HRQoL in an adolescent ED sample, examining the impact of ED symptoms on HRQoL.Methods
Sixty-seven treatment-seeking adolescents (57 females) with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) completed self-report measures of HRQoL and ED symptoms.Results
Participants reported poorer HRQoL in mental health domains than in physical health domains. Disordered attitudes, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors were associated with poorer mental health HRQoL, and body dissatisfaction was associated with poorer physical health HRQoL.Conclusion
The current study assessed HRQoL among adolescents with EDs, finding several consistencies with the literature on adults with EDs. Future research should compare adolescents and adults with EDs on HRQoL. 相似文献3.
Satoshi Saito Kimihiko WatanabeEri Hashimoto Toshikazu Saito 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009
Background
Several lines of evidence suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in weight regulation and eating behavior, and poorly balanced diets lead to a decrease in blood BDNF levels. However, studies regarding BDNF blood levels in eating disorders (ED) have yielded inconsistent results. We measured serum concentrations of BDNF and assessed behavior and cognition related to eating in ED patients and control subjects.Methods
Forty female drug-free patients [19 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 21 with bulimia nervosa (BN)], who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder, and 24 age-matched normal control subjects were enrolled in the current study. We evaluated eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and measured serum BDNF levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results
Compared to normal controls, serum levels of BDNF were significantly reduced in AN, but not in BN. There was a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI in both AN patients (r = .649, p = .003) and BN patients (r = .626, p = .002). However, no correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI was detected in the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and the oral control subscale scores of EAT in both AN patients (r = − .506, p = .027) and BN patients (r = − .511, p = .018); whereas, no correlation was detected in normal controls.Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that individuals showing more extreme food intake regulation were those with lower serum BDNF levels. This finding is contrary to that in mice where mice with reduced BDNF levels showed aberrant eating behavior. This result suggests that BDNF is no longer functioning appropriately in ED patients, which could be an important factor in the pathophysiological of ED. 相似文献4.
5.
Background
This study evaluates whether the difference in Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item (TAS-20) between patients with major depression (MD), panic disorder (PD), eating disorders (ED), and substance use disorders (SUD) and healthy controls persisted after controlling for the severity of anxiety and depression.Methods
Thirty-eight patients with MD, 58 with PD, 52 with ED, and 30 with SUD and 78 healthy controls (C) completed the TAS-20, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (Ham-A), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D).Results
The differences in TAS-20 scores observed between patient groups, regardless of the type of their disorders, and controls disappeared after controlling for the effect of anxiety and depression severity. In contrast, the differences in severity of anxiety and depression between patients and controls were still present, after excluding the effect of alexithymic levels.Conclusions
Our data suggest that alexithymic levels, as measured by the TAS-20, are modulated by the severity of symptoms, supporting the view that alexithymia can represent a state phenomenon in patients with MD, PD, ED and SUD, because the TAS-20 seems overly sensitive to a general distress syndrome, and it is more likely to measure negative affects rather than alexithymia itself. 相似文献6.
Monica Ålgars Lu Huang Ann F. Von Holle Christine M. Peat Laura M. Thornton Paul Lichtenstein Cynthia M. Bulik 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
The relation between eating disorders and menstrual function has been widely studied, but it is unknown whether the behavior of binge eating itself is related to menstrual dysfunction.Methods
The 11,503 women included in this study were from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment. The associations between menstrual dysfunction and binge eating were analyzed using logistic regression or multiple linear regression models with generalized estimation equations.Results
Women who reported lifetime binge eating were more likely to report either amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea than women who reported no binge eating. These results persisted when controlling for compensatory behaviors including self-induced vomiting, laxative use, and diuretic use. No differences between women with and without a history of binge eating were observed for age at menarche.Conclusion
Even when controlling for the effect of compensatory behaviors, the behavior of binge eating is associated with menstrual dysfunction. Metabolic and endocrinological factors could underlie this association. Careful evaluation of menstrual status is warranted for women with all eating disorders, not just anorexia nervosa. 相似文献7.
Marc O. Williams Andrew Mathews Colette R. Hirsch 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background and objectives
Worry is predominantly a verbal-linguistic process with relatively little imagery. This study investigated whether the verbal nature of worry contributes to the maintenance of worry by enhancing attention to threat. It was hypothesised that verbal worry would lead to greater attentional bias to threat than imagery-based worry.Methods
Fifty high-worriers were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one in which they were instructed to worry in a verbal way and one in which they worried in an imagery-based way, before completing a dot probe task as a measure of attention to threat-related words.Results
Those who worried in verbal form demonstrated greater attentional bias to threat than did those who worried in imagery-based form. These findings could not be accounted for by group differences in personal relevance of or distress associated with worry topics, state mood following worry, levels of the relatedness of participants' worries to stimuli on the dot probe task, trait anxiety, general propensity to worry, nor adherence to the worry training.Limitations
The present study only included word stimuli in the dot probe task; inclusion of images would allow for firmly rejecting the hypothesis that the attention effects observed following verbal worry were merely a result of priming verbal threat representations. Also, future studies could include a further control group that does not engage in any form of worry to ascertain that verbal worry increased attentional bias rather than imagery decreasing pre-existing attentional bias.Conclusions
Possible mechanisms underlying this effect of verbal worry on attention to threat are discussed, together with clinical implications of the current findings. 相似文献8.
Lonneke A. van Tuijl Peter J. de Jong B. Esther Sportel Eva de Hullu Maaike H. Nauta 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background and Objectives
A negative self-view is a prominent factor in most cognitive vulnerability models of depression and anxiety. Recently, there has been increased attention to differentiate between the implicit (automatic) and the explicit (reflective) processing of self-related evaluations. This longitudinal study aimed to test the association between implicit and explicit self-esteem and symptoms of adolescent depression and social anxiety disorder. Two complementary models were tested: the vulnerability model and the scarring effect model.Method
Participants were 1641 first and second year pupils of secondary schools in the Netherlands. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, self-esteem Implicit Association Test and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale were completed to measure explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), respectively, at baseline and two-year follow-up.Results
Explicit self-esteem at baseline was associated with symptoms of MDD and SAD at follow-up. Symptomatology at baseline was not associated with explicit self-esteem at follow-up. Implicit self-esteem was not associated with symptoms of MDD or SAD in either direction.Limitations
We relied on self-report measures of MDD and SAD symptomatology. Also, findings are based on a non-clinical sample.Conclusions
Our findings support the vulnerability model, and not the scarring effect model. The implications of these findings suggest support of an explicit self-esteem intervention to prevent increases in MDD and SAD symptomatology in non-clinical adolescents. 相似文献9.
Bruno Palazzo Nazar Raphael Suwwan Camilla Moreira de Sousa Pinna Monica Duchesne Silvia Regina Freitas Joseph Sergeant Paulo Mattos 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
Previous studies have reported higher prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both in eating disorders (ED) and in obese patients. We compared the psychiatric comorbidity profile of obese ADHD women with non-ADHD obese women and how ADHD symptoms impact in binge eating behaviors.Design
Cross-sectional study of a clinical sample.Subjects
171 adult women were evaluated at a specialized clinic in obesity and ED.Measurements
Participants complete a semi-structured interview and psychopathology rating scales. A hierarchical regression model was employed to predict binge eating behavior.Results
Obese ADHD patients had a larger number of psychiatric comorbidities (p < 0.001), especially Substance Abuse Disorders, and higher scores on psychopathology rating scales (p < 0.05). The highest prediction for binge eating in the regression model was the presence of depressive symptoms, followed by ADHD inattention symptoms and trait-impulsivity.Conclusion
ADHD should be routinely evaluated in obese since it is related with more severe psychopathology. Depressive symptoms can predict the presence of binge eating in obese patients. 相似文献10.
Mariska Bot Jacqueline M. Vink Gonneke Willemsen Johannes H. Smit Jacoline Neuteboom Cornelis Kluft Dorret I. Boomsma Brenda W.J.H. Penninx 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2013
Objective
Previous population-based studies suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is related to increased depressive symptoms and poor mental health among non-smokers. We examined whether these associations could be replicated in two independent Dutch samples.Methods
Non-smoking adults were selected from two studies: 1) the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), comprising individuals with current and remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders, and healthy controls and 2) the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), comprising twin-family studies on health-related behaviors. In both studies, SHS exposure was assessed with plasma cotinine levels (1–14 ng/ml vs. < 1 ng/ml). In NESDA, outcomes were current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, and depression and anxiety symptom severity scores. In NTR, the Adult Self Report derived DSM-subscales for depressive and anxiety problems, and anxious depressive scores were analyzed.Results
In NESDA non-smokers (n = 1757), increased plasma cotinine level (≥ 1 ng/ml) was not related to current depressive and/or anxiety disorders [odds ratio (OR) 0.96, P = .77], nor to depression or anxiety severity indicators. Similarly, in NTR non-smokers (n = 1088) cotinine levels ≥ 1 ng/ml were not associated with the DSM-subscale for depressive problems [unstandardized regression coefficient (B) 0.04, P = .88], nor to other depression and anxiety measures.Conclusions
In non-smoking adults from patient and population samples, we found no evidence that plasma cotinine levels were related to either depressive and/or anxiety disorders, or to depressive and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that SHS exposure is not related to depression and anxiety in non-smoking adults. 相似文献11.
Background
Previous studies suggest that temperament and character may impact depression and anxiety through dysfunctional cognition. This study targets the mediating role of meta-cognitive beliefs in the relationship between Cloninger’s temperament and character dimensions and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Method
One hundred and sixty-one healthy subjects filled out Cloninger’s Temperament Character Inventory (TCI), a Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Correlation and mediation analyses according to Baron and Kenny’s method were performed.Results
Harm avoidance (HA) and self-directedness (SD) were related to depression and anxiety. HA was related to negative beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts and to beliefs about cognitive confidence. SD was associated with the same types of meta-cognitive beliefs and with general negative beliefs. Cooperativeness (CO) was related to positive beliefs about worry, beliefs about cognitive confidence and to general negative beliefs. Self-transcendence (ST) was related to all types of meta-cognitive beliefs. Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between HA and depression and anxiety is partially mediated by certain types of meta-cognitive beliefs. The same results were obtained for the relationship between SD and depression and anxiety. General negative beliefs fully mediated the relationship between CO and depression and the relationship between ST and anxiety.Conclusions
Meta-cognitive beliefs mediate the relationship between temperament and character dimension and depressive and anxiety symptoms, thus providing further evidence for the meta-cognitive theory of emotional disorders as presented by Wells and Matthews (Behav Res Ther 1996;32:867-870). 相似文献12.
Bianca A. Lever-van Milligen Nicole Vogelzangs Johannes H. Smit Brenda W.J.H. Penninx 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Both low and high hemoglobin levels lead to more physical diseases, and both are linked to mortality. Low hemoglobin, often classified as anemia, has also been linked to more depressive symptoms, but whether both hemoglobin extremes are associated with depressive disorder and potentially also with anxiety disorder has not been examined before. This study examines to which extent hemoglobin levels are associated with depression and anxiety disorders in a large cohort.Methods
The study sample consisted of 2920 persons from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Hemoglobin levels were determined after venipuncture. Depressive and anxiety disorders were determined according to a DSM-IV-based psychiatric interview. Clinical psychiatric characteristics included the severity of depression and anxiety, the duration of symptoms, the age of onset and the antidepressant use.Results
Higher hemoglobin levels were found in those with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders after sociodemographic adjustment and both higher, and lower hemoglobin levels were found in persons with higher depression and anxiety severity. However, after full adjustment for sociodemographics, disease indicators and lifestyle, associations were no longer significant.Conclusions
This cohort study showed that there is no independent association between depressive and/or anxiety disorders and hemoglobin levels or anemia status. 相似文献13.
Salvatore Campanella Raymond Bruyer Sophie Froidbise Mandy Rossignol Frédéric Joassin Charles Kornreich Xavier Noël Paul Verbanck 《Clinical neurophysiology》2010,121(11):1855-1862
Objective
Studies exploring neurophysiological correlates of main psychiatric disorders have commonly used event-related potentials (ERP) during a visual or an auditory oddball task. The main results concern modulations of the P3b amplitude and/or latency. The present study aims to increase the clinical sensitivity of these P3b modulations by using a more ecological oddball design, using synchronized pairs of audio-visual emotional stimuli.Method
Two groups of healthy participants, one composed of controls and the other of students displaying anxious and depressive tendencies completed visual, auditory and audio-visual (cross-modal) oddball tasks, in which they had to detect deviant happy and sad stimuli among neutral ones as quickly as possible. Behavioral performance and P3b ERP data were analyzed.Results
Subjects displaying anxious and depressive tendencies exhibited lower P3b amplitude than the controls, but only in the cross-modal oddball task.Conclusions
Although the two groups of subjects differed in their levels of co-morbid anxiety and depression, unimodal visual and auditory oddball tasks did not allow us to detect this difference by P3b amplitude modulations, but the cross-modal task did.Significance
These results suggest that a cross-modal oddball design should be used in future studies to increase the sensitivity of the P300 amplitude differences between healthy participants and those with clinical symptoms. 相似文献14.
L.H. Thorell M. Wolfersdorf R. Straub J. Steyer S. Hodgkinson W.P. Kaschka M. Jandl 《Journal of psychiatric research》2013
Background
A meta-analysis of studies investigating electrodermal activity in depressed patients, suggested that electrodermal hyporeactivity is sensitive and specific for suicide.Aims
To confirm this finding and to study electrodermal hyporeactivity relative to type and severity of depression, trait anxiety, its stability and independence of depressive state.Method
Depressed inpatients (n = 783) were tested for habituation of electrodermal responses and clinically assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the STAI-Trait scale for trait anxiety.Results
The high sensitivity and raw specificity of electrodermal hyporeactivity for suicide were confirmed. Its prevalence was highest in bipolar disorders and was independent of severity of depression, trait anxiety, gender and age. Hyporeactivity was stable, while reactivity changed into hyporeactivity in a later depressive episode.Conclusions
The findings support the hypothesis that electrodermal hyporeactivity is a trait marker for suicidal propensity in depression. 相似文献15.
Bruce KR Steiger H Israël M Groleau P Ng Ying Kin NM Ouellette AS Sycz L Badawi G 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012,38(2):241-246
Introduction
Evidence associates Bulimia Nervosa (BN) with altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but the clinical implications of such alterations need to be better understood. We contrasted cortisol responses to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in bulimic and non-eating disordered women and examined relationships among DST cortisol responses, eating symptoms and co-morbid disturbances.Method
Sixty women with Bulimia Spectrum (BS) Disorders (either BN or normal weight Eating Disorder NOS with regular binge eating or purging) and 54 non-eating disordered women of similar age and body mass index participated in a 0.5 mg DST, and completed interviews and questionnaires assessing eating symptoms and co-morbid psychopathology.Results
Compared with the normal-eater group, the BS women demonstrated significantly less DST suppression. Among BS women, DST non-suppression was associated with more severe depression, anxiety and eating preoccupations.Conclusions
Our findings show BS women to show less DST suppression compared to normal eater women, and results link extent of non-suppression, in BS individuals, to severity of depression, anxiety and eating preoccupations. 相似文献16.
Fernando Fernndez-Aranda Isabel Krug Susana Jimnez-Murcia Roser Granero Araceli Núez Eva Penelo Raquel Solano Janet Treasure 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2009,40(3):479-486
Objectives
To examine whether outpatient treatment for male patients with bulimic symptomatology is as effective as it is for females.Method
The outcome of 19 male patients was compared to that of 150 female eating disorder (ED) individuals after a group CBT treatment.Results
A reduction in ED symptomatology was observed after treatment for both genders. Main effects for gender indicated that after collapsing across the mean pre/post values, lower mean scores were found for men in the EAT-40, in the EDI-total score and in the following EDI subscales: “drive for thinness”, “body dissatisfaction” and “interoceptive awareness”.Conclusions
A group CBT treatment appears to be effective for male and female ED patients. 相似文献17.
Jolijn Drost Philip Spinhoven Anne-Wil Kruijt Willem Van der Does 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background
It has been proposed that worry in individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder may be reinforced by a positive effect of worry on decision making, as reflected by a steeper learning curve on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We hypothesized that this apparent positive effect of worry is dependent on the IGT parameters, in particular the absence of an opportunity to avoid decisions.Objective
(1) To replicate previous findings on the effect of worry on IGT performance. (2) To examine the influence of avoidance opportunity on IGT performance. We hypothesized that the positive effect of worry on learning would be abolished or reversed by the opportunity to avoid.Method
A standard IGT and a new IGT version that includes a pass (avoidance) option were completed by 78 and 79 participants, respectively.Results
A beneficial effect of worry on learning in the standard version of the IGT was not observed. In the pass version of the IGT, worry status and avoidance were negatively associated with performance. Worry was not related, however, to pass usage. The hypothesized mediating effect of avoidance was non-significant.Limitations
It is unclear to what extent these findings generalize to real-life decision making and how clinical status affects results.Conclusion
The possibility to avoid a decision results in poorer IGT performance in high relative to low trait worriers. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. 相似文献18.
Ömer Şenormancı Adviye Esin Yılmaz Özge Saraçlı Nuray Atasoy Güliz Şenormancı Levent Atik 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
The main aim of the present study was to examine whether ruminative thinking styles (brooding and reflection) mediate the effects of dysfunctional attitudes on depressive symptoms.Methods
120 psychotropic drug-naive first episode depression patients recruited from Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine psychiatry department and Zonguldak State Hospital psychiatry department outpatient clinics were involved in the study. Participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-short version). Regression analyses together with the Sobel tests were performed for testing the mediator hypothesis.Results
According to the path model, the level of brooding fully mediated the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptomatology but reflection did not play a mediator role in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms.Conclusions
Assessment of brooding with both mental status examination and specific measurements and focusing on brooding as an intervention strategy would be beneficial components for an effective treatment of depression. 相似文献19.
Thomas Forkmann Marieke Wichers Nicole Geschwind Frenk Peeters Jim van Os Verena Mainz Dina Collip 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Introduction
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on suicidal ideation in an open-label randomised controlled trial of patients with residual depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this study aimed at examining whether an effect of MBCT on suicidal ideation was dependent on a reduction in depression severity, worry and rumination, or an increase in mindfulness.Methods
One hundred and thirty participants were randomised to a treatment arm (treatment as usual plus MBCT) or a wait list arm. Change in depression, change in worry, change in rumination and change in mindfulness were entered as covariates in a repeated measures ANOVA in order to assess to what degree MBCT-induced changes in suicidal ideation were independent from changes in these parameters.Results
There was a significant group × time (pre vs. post) interaction on suicidal ideation indicating a significant reduction of suicidal ideation in the MBCT group, but not in the control group. The interaction remained significant after addition of the above covariates. Change in worry was the only covariate associated with change in suicidal ideation, causing a moderate reduction in the interaction effect size.Conclusions
The results suggest that MBCT may affect suicidal ideation in patients with residual depressive symptoms and that this effect may be mediated, in part, by participants’ enhanced capacity to distance themselves from worrying thoughts. 相似文献20.
Yanhui Liao David J. Castle Jinsong Tang Riteesh Bookun Wei Hao Tieqiao Liu 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2010,51(5):516-47