Editorial for the special issue of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain

The Ministry of Health of China officially issued a document, adding the first level diagnosis and treatment discipline “Algology” in the list of diagnosis and treatment subjects of medical institutions on July 16, 2007. As the most important pain academic organization in China, the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain has made outstanding contributions in promoting the development of pain discipline and in establishing pain standards and disease diagnosis and treatment guidelines. In this special issue, under the leadership of Yan-Qing Liu, Chairman of the 7^th Committee of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain, nine consensus and one guideline were included.     

动态脑电图对昏迷患者预后的评估价值

目的研究动态脑电图对昏迷患者预后评估的价值。方法采用回顾性分析的研究方法,选取2013年3月²014年3月我院收治的昏迷患者69例,对所有患者实施动态脑电图检查,并观察脑电图分级以及Glasgow评分的关系、脑电图分级和Glasgow评分与昏迷程度的关系。结果脑电图的分级和Glasgow评分具有负相关关系,Glasgow评分越低,患者脑电图的分级越高。Glasgow评分越低患者昏迷的程度也越深。结论动态脑电图对昏迷患者的预后具有评估价值,可以提高昏迷患者预后的判断。     

Criteria for the selection of drugs for the pathogenetic treatment of Itsenko-Cushing disease

The authors presented the results of a study of the level of corticotropin and cortisol in the blood at different time after a single intake of peritol or parlodel in 48 patients with Icenko-Cushing disease at the active stage. Corticotropin and cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay with the help of standard kits. The study showed a different sensitivity of patients with Icenko-Cushing disease to peritol and parlodel. According to the expression of the reaction of the hypophyseal-adrenal system all the patients were divided into the following groups: with a noticeable reaction to one or both drugs, with a slightly noticeable decrease in the level of hormones or a paradoxical reaction to the drugs. A single test with inhibitors of hypophyseal corticotropic function provided an opportunity for an individual choice of an effective drug for pathogenetic treatment of patients with Icenko-Cushing disease. The optimum time for blood examination to determine the concentration of corticotropin was 1 and 2 hrs, the level of cortisol 2-4 hrs after the intake of peritol and parlodel.     

Model policy for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of pain

The Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States published Model Guideline for the Use of Controlled Substances in the Management of Pain in 1998 and expanded it to this Model Policy in October 2004. The Model Policy is designed to communicate to licensees that the state medical board views pain management to be important and integral to the practice of medicine; that opioid analgesics may be necessary for the relief of pain; that the use of opioids for other than legitimate medical purposes poses a threat to the individual and society; that physicians have a responsibility to minimize the potential for the abuse and diversion of controlled substances; and that physicians will not be sanctioned solely for prescribing opioid analgesics for legitimate medical purposes.     

Model Policy for the Use of Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain

The Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States published Model Guidelines for die Use of Controlled Substances in die Management of Pain in 1998 and expanded it to this Model Policy in October 2004. The Model Policy is designed to communicate to licensees that the state medical board views pain management to be important and integral to die practice of medicine; mat opioid analgesics may be necessary for die relief of pain; mat the use of opioids for odier than legitimate medical purposes poses a direat to die individual and society; that physicians have a responsibility to minimize the potential for die abuse and diversion of controlled substances; and that physicians will not be sanctioned solely for prescribing opioid analgesics for legitimate medical purposes.     

Restructuring of the specialized job market for people with disabilities through legislative reform of the Rehabilitation Act--consequences for the workshops for the disabled

The legal basis for employment of people with disabilities in sheltered Workshops for the Disabled (Werkst?tten für Behinderte, WfB) had hitherto been shaped by the 1961 Federal Social Assistance Act, the 1969 Employment Promotion Act, the 1974 Severely Disabled Persons Act with the related Workshop Ordinances of 1980 and 1996. The Act on Combating Unemployment of Severely Disabled Persons, effective as of Oct. 1, 2000 has now created a new legal foundation, which also is aimed at enhancing Workshop employees' horizontal mobility into the general job market, inter alia providing for access to Supported Employment arrangements and for availability of selective placement and support services (Integrationsfachdienste, IFD) throughout Germany. These Services also are intended as points of contact in the counselling of severely disabled school leavers in relation to placement opportunities in competitive jobs and/or integration projects or firms. Discussed from a legal perspective are the differences in sociolegal respects between such projects for severely disabled persons and employment in Workshops for the Disabled, as well as implications for the Workshops' own economic activity, also making reference to the forthcoming Book 9 of the Social Code.     

Screening for the early detection of disease, the need for evidence

BACKGROUND: Screening for the early detection of disease has had a spotted history. Structured approaches to the process of gathering and evaluating evidence, with the emphasis on well-controlled randomized studies, have greatly improved the beneficial potential of appropriate and effective screening. Good quality evidence will contribute to quality health care. ISSUES: The volunteer participants in screening programs must give fully informed consent. This means that they must be presented with clear and accurate statements of the advantages and disadvantages of the screening program. Among the screening programs that have been conducted include hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary artery disease, Down's syndrome, Neonatal Group B streptococcal disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and endometrial cancer. The evidence in these studies has strengths and weaknesses as to how they support or oppose a particular intervention. The laboratory has a major role to play in establishing and validating standards of accuracy for diagnostic tests. Agreement on standards and their application does not mean the end of different interpretation and controversy. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory physicians and scientists will be very effective consultants if they have the best available, high quality evidence for the appropriate use of laboratory tests.     

2 200名不孕症患者病因分析

【目的】探讨不孕症病因的变化以指导相应的预防和治疗。【方法】分析2 200名不孕症类型及病因的变化。【结果】①继发不孕症比率明显提高;②输卵管性因素、子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征及男性因素的比例分别为40.1%、30.05%、33%和32.77%;③继发不孕症患者性伴侣明显多于原发不孕（P〈0.05）;④宫颈炎发病率为34.4%,11.2%患者有过异位妊娠病史,盆腔结核占6.2%,宫颈分泌物解脲支原体（UU）感染率64.25%,沙眼衣原体（CT）感染率为7.86%。【结论】输卵管性因素、子宫内膜异位症、多囊卵巢综合征及男性因素是不孕症的主要原因,继发不孕症增多与婚前越来越开放的性行为有关。     

尽心尽力发展老年康复事业

我国人口正在迅速老龄化,据公布的统计,截至１９９９年１０月１日,我国６０岁以上老年人口已达１－２６亿,并以年均３％的速度增长,其数量之巨,增长之快,在世界人口发展史上是少有的。面对这种严峻的状况,党中央、国务院非常重视,曾于１９９６年８月２９日,以中华人民共和国主席令公布了《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》;１９９７年９月１２日,江泽民总书记在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会上的报告中指出：要“重视人口老龄化问题”;近几年国务院的《政府工作报告》,也屡次提出有关老龄问题。为加强组织领导全国的老龄工…