阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及其相关高血压患者血清过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛水平的变化

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关高血压(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea associated hypertension,OSAHAHT)患者血清过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)水平的变化.方法 选择OSAHS患者24例,OSAHAHT患者21例;正常对照组23名,测定血清CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平.并与睡眠呼吸监测指标进行相关分析.结果 与正常对照组比较,OSAHS组及OSAHAHT组血清CAT、GSH-PX活性均降低(P<0.01),MDA浓度均升高(P<0.01).OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者血清CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平与反映睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的指标有相关性(P<0.01).结论 OSAHS患者存在CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平的变化,且与OSAHS的病情严重程度相关;氧化应激及氧化损伤在OSAHAHT患者中更明显.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及相关高血压患者血清8-OHdG和MnSOD水平的变化

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)及OSAHS相关高血压(OSAHAHT)患者血清8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酸(8-OHdG)和锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)水平的变化。方法选择OSAHS组40例,其中无并发症的OSAHS组20例,OSAHAHT组20例,健康对照组20例。应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清8-OHdG水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测血清MnSOD水平。并与睡眠呼吸监测指标进行相关分析。结果 OSAHS组与对照组相比,OSAHAHT与OSAHS患者组相比血清8-OHdG浓度升高、MnSOD浓度降低(P0.01)。OSAHS及OSAHAHT组患者血清8-OHdG、Mn-SOD水平与反映睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的指标有相关性(P0.01)。结论OSAHS患者存在8-OHdG、MnSOD水平的变化,且与OSAHS的病情严重程度相关;氧化应激及氧化损伤在OSAHS与相关性高血压患者中更明显。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与氧化抗氧化的相关性

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者及OSAHS相关高血压(OSAHAHT)患者血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)及血清对氧磷酶(PON)水平的变化。方法选择OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者各20例及健康对照组20例,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清ox-LDL及PON水平,并与睡眠监测指标进行相关分析。结果与对照组比较OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者血清ox-LDL浓度升高,PON浓度降低(P<0.01)。OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者血清ox-LDL、PON水平与反映睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的指标有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者存在血清ox-LDL及PON水平变化,存在氧化应激,血清ox-LDL及PON水平可以反映OSAHS患者的氧化应激严重程度。     

颈动脉内膜中层厚度与中青年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系的研究

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与中青年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)的关系.方法 测定39例中青年OSAHS(其中19例合并高血压) 患者清晨7时血压、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和颈动脉IMT值,并选择年龄、性别、体重指数相匹配的正常人作为对照.结果 中重度中青年OSAHS的颈动脉IMT值较正常人和轻度OSAHS显著增加(P＜0.01),OSAHS合并高血压较单纯性OSAHS患者的颈动脉显著增加(P＜0.01).结论 中青年中重度OSAHS已存在血管形态学改变,合并高血压以后,这一趋势将更明显.     

妊娠合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清晚期氧化蛋白产物水平检测的临床价值

目的探讨妊娠合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与血清晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）的相关性以及其可能的发病机制。方法选择妊娠合并OSAHS患者56例和正常妊娠组24例行标准多导睡眠呼吸监测系统监测记录呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）;采用分光光度法检测血清AOPP水平,同时测定平均动脉压（MAP）和24h尿蛋白。结果正常妊娠组与妊娠合并OSAHS组AOPP、AHI、MAP和24h尿蛋白比较有统计学差异（P均〈0.01）;其中,反映OSAHS病情的指标AHI值与MAP、24h尿蛋白、AOPP呈正相关（r分别为：0.745、0.765、0.798,P均〈0.01）;反映氧化应激指标的AOPP值与MAP、24h尿蛋白呈正相关（r分别为：0.626、0.619,P均〈0.01）。结论妊娠合并OSAHS患者病情与AOPP水平密切相关;妊娠合并OSAHS部分参与了妊娠期高血压疾病（HDCP）的病理过程,并有可能是HDCP中的一个重要的致病因素。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清抵抗素水平研究

选择阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者50例(OSAHS组)和健康志愿者44例(对照组),检测其空腹血清抵抗素、血脂、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR),OSAHS组测定睡眠呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)及最低血氧饱和度(SaO2).结果 :①OSAHS组血清抵抗素、BMI、WHR及血脂水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05);肥胖患者抵抗素高于非肥胖患者(P＜0.05).②血清抵抗素与BMI、WHR、TG、TC呈正相关.③OSAHS组BMI与AHI呈正相关,与SaO2呈负相关.认为OSAHS患者血清抵抗素水平升高与肥胖相关,是导致OSAHS的重要因素,为临床治疗OSAHS提供了新思路.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及其合并冠心病患者血清白介素-6和C反应蛋白水平的变化

目的检测血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)在单纯阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)及OSAHS合并冠心病(CHD)患者中的变化,探讨OSAHS的病理生理变化及其并发症CHD的发病机制。方法将研究对象分为正常对照组20例、OSAHS组26例、OSAHS合并CHD组14例,用ELISA法检测并比较3组患者血清IL-6和CRP的水平,同时比较OSAHS和OSAHS合并CHD两组患者睡眠呼吸监测指标,并将该两组患者血清IL-6和CRP水平分别与睡眠呼吸监测指标进行直线相关分析。结果①OSAHS合并CHD组血清IL-6、CRP水平高于OSAHS组和正常对照组血清IL-6、CRP水平(P<0.01,P<0.01),OSAHS组血清IL-6、CRP水平高于正常对照组血清IL-6、CRP水平(P<0.01)。②睡眠呼吸监测指标比较显示,OSAHS合并CDH患者病情重于OSAHS患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。③OSAHS及OSAHS合并CHD两组患者的血清IL-6、CRP水平分别与其睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)<90%占总睡眠时间百分比、睡眠呼吸障碍事件总时间占总睡眠时间百分比、体重指数(BMI)呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05);与其最低SaO2、平均最低SaO2呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论OSAHS可能是一种与炎症相关的疾病,其炎症过程可能促进CHD并发症的发生。     

CPAP治疗OSAHS合并脑卒中的临床研究

目的探讨持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性唾眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并脑卒中患者睡眠呼吸状况、认知功能及氧化应激反应的影响。方法将82例OSAHS合并脑卒中患者随机分为研究组(n=41)和对照组(n=41),对照组行常规治疗,研究组加CPAP治疗,均持续治疗12周。比较两组睡眠呼吸指标(ESS、PSQI评分及AHI、LSaO_2)、认知功能指标(LOTCA、MoCA评分)及氧化应激因子(SOD、TAOC、MDA、OX-LDL)水平。结果两组睡眠呼吸指标、认知功能指标、氧化应激因子的时点效应、组间效应、交互效应,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6周、12周,研究组ESS、PSQI评分及AHI、MDA、OX-LDL水平均低于对照组,LOTCA、MoCA评分及LSaO_2、SOD、TAOC水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CPAP可明显改善OSAHS合并脑卒中患者睡眠呼吸状况及认知功能,减轻氧化应激反应,应积极行CPAP干预,以改善预后。     

CPAP治疗对OSAHS及其合并高血压患者CRP和IL-6的影响

目的观察持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)及其合并高血压患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法选择39例中、重度OSAHS患者和20例对照者进行血清CRP和IL-6水平的检测;对39例OSAHS患者进行CPAP治疗并检测治疗前后血清CRP和IL-6水平。比较OSAHS及合并高血压患者血清CRP和IL-6水平与对照者有无差别以及CPAP治疗后对OSAHS及合并高血压患者血清CRP和IL-6水平有无影响。结果单纯OSAHS组及OSAHS合并高血压组的血清CRP及IL-6水平均高于对照组(P0.05),OSAHS合并高血压组血清CRP及IL-6高于单纯OSAHS组(P0.05),OSAHS患者的血清CRP及IL-6水平分别与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈正相关(r1=0.6 8 3、r2=0.6 0 7,P0.0 1)。经CPAP治疗后单纯OSAHS组及OSAHS合并高血压组血清CRP及IL-6水平较治疗前明显降低(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS患者血清CRP和IL-6增高,存在炎症反应,CPAP治疗能降低患者血清CRP和IL-6的水平,减轻OSAHS患者机体的炎症反应。     

OSAHS、OSAHAHT患者血清基质金属蛋白酶9及其抑制因子水平

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关性高血压(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea associated hypertension,OSAHAHT)患者血清基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)及其抑制剂-基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)水平的变化.方法用酶联免疫吸附法对20例OSAHS、OSAHAHT患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平测定,与16例健康对照组进行比较.结果 OSAHS、OSAHAHT患者血清MMP-9水平较正常对照组明显升高,有显著统计学意义,TIMP-1在OSAHS与对照组无明显差异,在OSAHAHT与对照组有明显差异,OSAHS、OSAHAHT患者血清MMP-9与反映睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的指标有明显相关性.结论 OSAHS、OSAHAHT患者存在MMP-9及TIMP-1代谢的异常,血清MMP-9可反映睡眠呼吸暂停病情的严重程度.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。