登革病毒包膜蛋白、衣壳蛋白及膜结合蛋白结构和功能方面的研究现状

登革病毒结构蛋白与其感染机体的致病机理、宿主免疫机制、治疗用药及疫苗的研制密切相关。本文就登革病毒三种结构蛋白在蛋白结构及其功能方面的研究进展进行综述。     

皮肤和黏膜结构的检测方法

本文旨在对国内外原有及最新的有关皮肤、黏膜生理和病理结构的检测方法进行探索。现有的有关皮肤及黏膜结构检测方法有物理方法 (主要指光学 )、化学方法、生物技术方法、免疫及放射技术、超声技术、计算机和软件技术的应用及其它相关的方法。通过对各种各样检测方法了解与研究 ,对皮肤及黏膜结构检测方法有了较为深刻的了解。随着当代科学的不断发展与进步 ,人类有望将多种技术结合 ,找到更多的 ,更新的皮肤及黏膜结构检测技术。     

汉坦病毒分子生物学研究进展

本文对汉坦病毒分子生物学，包括汉坦病毒基因结构、复制转录、结构蛋白特性以及汉坦病毒的变异性和进化等诸方面的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

改变力学环境后松质骨胞元结构的预测

松质骨是骨的重要组成部分,结构疏松、多孔,由针状、片状骨小梁组成多种胞体,其结构称为胞元结构。正常生理状态下,骨质的形成与吸收呈平衡态,骨结构稳定,当骨所处的力学环境发生变化时,骨的结构形态也随之变化。松质骨细观结构数值模拟变化的力学环境与骨结构的关系目前未见报道,本文是采用带有生理限定应力的自适应生理模型与有限元相结合的方法,在力学环境发生变化后用计算机预测松质骨胞元结构;定量的研究了松质骨胞元结构从一种优化平衡态到另一种平衡态与其力学环境的关系,模拟了松质骨胞元结构的变化与力学环境的适应性。把这种骨结构预测从宏观水平提高到细观水平。     

锚蛋白分子研究进展

锚蛋白作为一种细胞内的连接蛋白,分布广泛,功能多样。有关其蛋白质结构、基因结构特点、组织和细胞分布的研究进展迅速。     

C／S、B／S的结构的特点及在医院系统中的应用

C／S结构下的软件具有强壮的数据操作和事务处理能力及数据的安全性和完整性约束，B／S结构下的软件具有分布性强、维护方便、共享性强、升级方便的特点。在开发医院信息管理系统时根据各个不同部分的需求特点，有针对性的根据系统的安全需求、操作响应速度、软件维护量来选择系统的架构，有针对性混用，发挥各自的特点，更好地应对院日益增长的业务需求。     

脑结构计算机三维重建技术的研究进展

脑是人体结构中最复杂的器官之一,脑内遍布的神经、核团是协调和管理人体机能的高级指挥中心。因此,研究脑的结构对认识脑和治疗脑部疾病有着非常重要的意义。随着CT、MRI等成像技术的提高,由断层图像生成和提取人体的三维组织结构日益完善,从而为我们提供了     

结构糖蛋白：透明质酸粘连蛋白和细胞粘连分子

近年来,细胞外间质研究者们将结构糖蛋白(Structural glycoproteins,SGPs)列为细胞外间质家族的四大成员之一。这一家族中的其它三大成员(胶原蛋白、蛋白多糖和弹性蛋白)的结构、功能、概念和命名已较清楚,而对于结构糖蛋白的种类、结构及功能的研究,目前还处于探索阶段。 1970年,结构糖蛋白被首次命名。Robert等从若干种结缔组织纤维基质的三氯醋酸(TCA)不溶物中,利用尿素-巯基乙     

风疹病毒的分子生物学研究

风疹病毒是一种重要的胎儿致畸病毒，近年来其分子生物学方面的研究进展较快。本文从分子水平上对其结构组成、免疫反应位点、结构变异的影响以及实际应用作一综述。     

端粒酶结构与功能的研究进展

端粒和端粒酶对于细胞生存和肿瘤发生具有非常重要的意义 ,端粒酶各个组分的结构、功能及其调控已成为肿瘤学的研究热点。端粒酶的活性有赖于其结构的完整 ,但活性变化的限速步骤是由催化亚基决定的。另外值得注意的是 ,在无端粒酶活性的永生化细胞中也有端粒长度维持现象     

标记奖励法促进慢性精神分裂症康复

本文将40例慢性情神分裂症随机分为实验组和对照组各20例,实验组在原有抗精神病药物治疗基础上,将标记奖励法引入病房管理,以行为观察评分表每周对二组病人各评分一次,经三个月的观察,发现实验组各项行为分值均有明显提高,与对照组相比差异显著,说明标记奖励法能改善病人的行为和促进其康复。     

Categorization of infant-directed speech: development from 4 to 6 months

To extend a previous finding that 6-month-old infants categorized low-pass filtered infant-directed (ID) utterances, we examined a) 6-month-old infants' categorization of more naturalistic, unfiltered ID utterances and b) the developmental progression of ID-speech categorization. In Experiment 1, 6-month-olds heard seven different unfiltered tokens from one class of ID utterance (approving or comforting), followed by a novel token from either the same or an unfamiliar category. Infants recovered, responding only to the unfamiliar category token, suggesting that they categorized naturalistic ID utterances. Four-month-olds' categorization of filtered and unfiltered versions of the ID utterances was assessed in Experiments 2 and 4. Four-month-olds did not recover, responding to a test token from an unfamiliar class, suggesting that they did not categorize either filtered or unfiltered ID utterances. Experiment 3 demonstrated that 4-month-old infants' failure to categorize did not result from their inability to complete the procedure. These results suggest that infants' processing of ID speech changes from 4 to 6 months of age.     

脱钙过程中松质骨骨量、微结构和声学参数的相关性研究

目的 研究脱钙过程中松质骨的超声声学参数、骨量和骨微结构的变化,以及骨量、骨微结构和声学参数的相关性。方法 15块长方体松质骨样本经脱脂后进行分阶段脱钙,对脱钙前样本和经每一阶段脱钙的样本进行Micro CT扫描和超声测量,计算得到脱钙过程中骨量与骨微结构参数和超声声学参数,对超声声学参数与骨量和骨微结构参数进行相关性分析。结果 随着松质骨样本钙的流失,骨密度、骨表面密度和骨小梁体积比不断降低,骨小梁形态参数（结构模型因子和骨小梁面积比）上升,骨小梁的厚度和数目下降,骨小梁间隙增大,各向异性程度上升;声传导速度先升后降,宽带超声衰减呈现轻微的下降趋势;松质骨的声学参数与骨密度和骨微结构都有较强的相关性。结论 超声声学参数不但与骨密度,而且和骨微结构相关,定量超声技术有望为基于超声的骨质疏松早期诊断技术的发展提供参考。     

Osseous microarchitecture of the scaphoid: Cadaveric study of regional variations and clinical implications

Bone strength and structure are closely associated with fracture and screw fixation, however osseous micro architecture on scaphoid has not been clearly addressed. We conducted histomorphometric study of the scaphoid using micro CT to find regional variations and differences in the scaphoid to provide better understanding of fracture mechanism and suggest optimal screw position. We divided scaphoid into eight regions and collected regional data from eleven different cadaveric scaphoids. A computer program was used to measure parameters, which includes mean subchondral bone thickness, bone mineral density for bone density parameters, and tissue mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, trabecular number and bone volume fraction for bone quality parameters. All bone strength parameters were measured the maximum value in the regions where scaphoid articulates with radius. Articular regions presented higher bone strength parameters and thicker subchondral bone. The minimum value of trabecular number was in midcarpal side of waist portion. There was trend of higher subchondral bone thickness in the scaphoid which articulates with capitate and radius. This histomorphometric study showed regional variation of the scaphoid in terms of bone density and quality parameters. Waist portion presented thick subchondral and trabecular bone for high cross section moment of inertia against bending. Three point bending for scaphoid fracture and vertical screw placement are suggested based on these variations.     

代币制增进注意缺陷多动障碍学童注意力的个案研究

目的通过代币制行为矫正法能有效降低注意缺陷多动障碍学童在课堂上的不注意行为的发生率。方法采用A-B-A倒反实验设计,应用代币制行为矫正法(Token Economy Therapy)对一名患有注意缺陷多动障碍的9岁学童的课堂不注意行为进行矫正干预。结果1被试在实验处理期的课堂不注意行为发生率均低于基线期和实验撤退期的课堂不注意行为发生率。2被试在整个实验过程中课堂不注意行为的发生率与对照者的不注意行为发生率进行比较,前者在3个阶段都有很大变化,而后者基本没有变化。结论代币制行为矫正法在改进注意缺陷多动学童的课堂不注意行为方面是一种有效的方法。     

The interaction of ultrasound with cancellous bone.

The Biot theory is used in an attempt to explain the frequency dependence of ultrasonic attenuation, f(alpha), in cancellous bone. Measurements of f(alpha) in samples of cancellous bone are compared with values calculated using parameters established from bone samples by statistical histomorphometry. Ultrasonic attenuation in cancellous bone correlates with trabecular bone volume but the Biot theory, although producing qualitative agreement produces quantitative results which are significantly deviant using parameters presently available. At the present time, too many of the Biot parameters are insufficiently defined for cancellous bone, to allow a complete test of the model.     

Bone QUS measurement performed under loading condition,a more accuracy ultrasound method for osteoporosis diagnosis

Osteoporosis is a worldwide health problem with enormous social and economic impact. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) method provides comprehensive information on bone mass, microstructure and mechanical properties of the bone. And the cheap, safe and portable ultrasound equipment is more suitable for public health monitoring. QUS measurement was normally performed on bone specimens without mechanical loading. But human bones are subjected to loading during routine daily activities, and physical loading leads to the changes of bone microstructure and mechanical properties. We hypothesized that bone QUS parameters measured under loading condition differ from those measured without loading because the microstructure of bone was changed when loading subjected to bone. Furthermore, when loading was subjected on bone, the loading-lead microstructure change of osteoporosis bone may larger than that of health bone. By considering the high relationship between bone microstructure and QUS parameters, the QUS parameters of osteoporosis bone may changed larger than that of health bone. So osteoporosis may be detected more effectively by the combination of QUS method and mechanical loading.     

Estimating structural properties of trabecular bone from gray-level low-resolution images

In this paper the relationship between three-dimensional histomorphometric parameters derived from microCT and MRI images of distal radius trabecular bone samples is studied. microFE analysis of the trabecular samples is performed and Young's modulus for cranio-caudal direction is calculated. Most of the MRI and microCT parameters correlate significantly with, respectively, MRI and microCT estimates of bone volume fraction. For some of the parameters strong correlation between microCT and MRI results is also observed. However, in these cases there simultaneously exists correlation between: microCT parameter and microCT bone volume fraction; microCT and MRI bone volume fraction; MRI bone volume fraction and MRI parameter. It is found that, comparing to bone volume fraction, histomorphometric information derived from binarized MRI images does not improve estimation of the Young's modulus of trabecular bone samples (calculated for "gold standard" microCT data). Thus a novel method of "optimal paths" analysis of gray-level MRI images is introduced. "Optimal paths" parameters improve estimation of the Young's modulus of trabecular bone samples. They also provide surrogate, gray-level image-based measure of trabecular thickness.     

Three-dimensional image registration of MR proximal femur images for the analysis of trabecular bone parameters

This study investigated the feasibility of automatic image registration of MR high-spatial resolution proximal femur trabecular bone images as well as the effects of gray-level interpolation and volume of interest (VOI) misalignment on MR-derived trabecular bone structure parameters. For six subjects in a short-term study, a baseline scan and a follow-up scan of the proximal femur were acquired on the same day. For ten subjects in a long-term study, a follow-up scan of the proximal femur was acquired 1 year after the baseline. An automatic image registration technique, based on mutual information, utilized a baseline and a follow-up scan to compute transform parameters that aligned the two images. In the short-term study, these parameters were subsequently used to transform the follow-up image with three different gray-level interpolators. Nearest-neighbor interpolation and B-spline approximation did not significantly alter bone parameters, while linear interpolation significantly modified bone parameters (p<0.01). Improvement in image alignment due to the automatic registration for the long-term and short-term study was determined by inspecting difference images and 3D renderings. This work demonstrates the first application of automatic registration, without prior segmentation, of high-spatial resolution trabecular bone MR images of the proximal femur. Additionally, inherent heterogeneity in trabecular bone structure and imprecise positioning of the VOI along the slice (anterior-posterior) direction resulted in significant changes in bone parameters (p<0.01). Results suggest that automatic mutual information registration using B-spline approximation or nearest neighbor gray-level interpolation to transform the final image ensures VOI alignment between baseline and follow-up images and does not compromise the integrity of MR-derived trabecular bone parameters used in this study.