布托啡诺联合右美托咪定在重症疾病患者镇痛镇静中的疗效分析

目的研究布托啡诺联合右美托咪定在重症疾病患者镇痛镇静中的疗效。方法90例重症疾病患者,根据用药不同分为常规组及研究组,每组45例。常规组患者采用咪达唑仑与布托啡诺进行镇痛镇静治疗,研究组患者采用布托啡诺联合右美托咪定进行镇痛镇静治疗。比较两组患者Ramsay镇静评分、行为疼痛量表(BPS)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分及生命体征指标。结果研究组Ramsay镇静评分(4.96±0.21)分、BPS评分(7.84±1.15)分高于常规组的(3.26±0.48)、(5.45±1.62)分,PSQI评分(2.21±0.43)分低于常规组的(6.39±1.57)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者的心率、呼吸频率、收缩压、舒张压均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将布托啡诺与右美托咪定联合,对重症疾病患者进行镇痛镇静治疗,用药后可以有效避免患者生命体征波动,缓解患者疼痛感受,提高睡眠质量,减少疾病影响,临床疗效显著。     

右美托咪定、咪达唑仑对择期手术病人认知功能的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定、咪达唑仑对择期手术病人认知功能的影响.方法 选取行择期手术的区域麻醉病人90例,按数字均分法随机分成右美托咪定组、咪达唑仑组及对照组,每组30例.三组病人于麻醉前20 min分别给予静脉泵注右美托咪定、静注咪达唑仑和静注生理盐水.观察三组病人用药前后焦虑视觉模拟/焦虑状态问卷评分、警觉/镇静评分;比较术后24 h对水果图片的记忆情况.结果 组内用药前后比较,对照组用药后10 min脑电双频谱指数为(92.5±1.6),焦虑视觉模拟/焦虑问卷评分为(1.8±0.3)分,警觉/镇静评分为(4.9±0.1)分;右美托咪定组用药后10 min脑电双频谱指数为(86.1±2.4),焦虑视觉模拟/焦虑问卷评分为(0.2±0.4)分,警觉/镇静评分为(2.5±0.7);咪达唑仑组用药后10 min脑电双频谱指数为(87.3±1.3),焦虑视觉模拟/焦虑问卷评分为(0.4±0.6)分,警觉/镇静评分为(2.6±1.0)分;与对照组比较,右美托咪定组与咪达唑仑组病人用药后10 min脑电双频谱指数、焦虑视觉模拟/焦虑问卷评分、警觉/镇静评分较低(P<0.05).与咪达唑仑组相比,右美托咪定组用药后记忆正确率较高(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪定及咪达唑仑可明显改善病人麻醉前紧张焦虑情绪,提高记忆力,右美托咪定对病人的短期记忆功能影响小.     

右美托咪定辅助镇静对老年患者椎管内麻醉术后睡眠功能的影响

目的：评价右美托咪定辅助镇静对老年患者行椎管内麻醉术后睡眠功能的影响。方法选取2015年3～7月在石家庄市第一医院择期于腰硬联合麻醉下行经尿道前列腺电切术老年患者60例，年龄65～80岁，ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ，根据美国心脏病学会1928年心功能分级标准，心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，无严重呼吸系统疾病。所有患者术前均采用匹兹堡睡眠质量评估量表（ PSQI）评估睡眠质量，PSQI总分≤7分为睡眠正常者，PSQI＞7分为睡眠功能障碍者。选择PSQI≤7分，即睡眠正常者。根据随机数字表法将患者随机分为对照组（ C组）和右美托咪定组（ D组），每组30例。比较2组患者一般情况、不良反应、VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分及PSQI评分表。结果2组患者比较，D组心动过缓发生率明显增加（ P ＜0?．05），恶心、呕吐发生率明显降低，差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）；C组术日的睡眠功能障碍患者例数明显增加，差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论右美托咪定在椎管内麻醉中用于辅助镇静可在一定程度上改善术后患者的睡眠功能。     

右美托咪定联合经皮穴位神经电刺激改善全麻后睡眠质量的临床研究

目的:探究右美托咪定联合经皮穴位神经电刺激(transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, TEAS)对全麻后睡眠质量的改善作用。方法:75例拟行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的患者，采用数字表法随机分为右美托咪定组(右美组)(n=25)、经皮穴位电刺激组(TEAS组)(n=25)和联合组(n=25)。右美组患者全麻时泵注右美托咪定，并在术后3 d的每晚睡前进行右美托咪定滴鼻；TEAS组患者全麻过程中和术后3 d的每晚睡前进行TEAS干预；联合组采用右美托咪定和TEAS 2种干预。对比3组患者术后3晚的阿森斯失眠量表(Athens insomnia scale, AIS)评分和视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分，干预前、气管插管时、牵拉胆囊时和拔管时的心率和平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure, MAP)及苏醒期躁动、恶心、呕吐等不良反应。结果:与右美组或TEAS组相比，联合组术后3晚的AIS评分降低；与TEAS组相比，右美组术后第1、2、3晚AIS评分升高，差异有统计学意义(P<0.0...     

阿戈美拉汀联合普拉克索治疗特发性快速眼球运动睡眠期行为障碍合并焦虑抑郁30例

目的 分析阿戈美拉汀联合普拉克索治疗特发性快速眼球动睡眠期行为障碍(iRBD)合并焦虑、抑郁患者的临床有效性，为临床上iRBD合并焦虑、抑郁的治疗提供参考。方法 收集武汉市第一医院睡眠医学中心2018年9月—2021年12月收治iRBD合并焦虑、抑郁患者60例，完善颅脑磁共振等影像学检查，采用多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)记录患者夜间12 h的睡眠状况。采用随机对照原则，将患者分为对照组和治疗组，每组30例。对照组给予普拉克索片0.125 mg,每晚1次，治疗组在对照组基础上，给予阿戈美拉汀25 mg,服用3个月。治疗前及治疗3个月后采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、快动眼睡眠行为障碍筛查量表(RBDSQ)评价两组患者睡眠、心理状态、RBD梦境及行为异常状况。结果 治疗前两组患者性别、年龄、病程、PSG参数、PSQI、ESS、HAMD、HAMA、SAS、SDS、RBDSQ均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后，治疗组患者PSQI、ESS...     

曲马多、酒石酸布托啡诺与盐酸右美托咪定治疗腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产患者寒战的效果比较

目的观察比较静注曲马多、布托啡诺、右美托咪定对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后寒战的治疗效果。方法选择ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉后寒战的子痫前期患者180例,随机分为曲马多、布托啡诺、右美托咪定3组,每组60例。对于发生寒战的患者,待胎儿取出后,分别静注曲马多1.0 mg/kg、布托啡诺0.01 mg/kg或右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,观察寒战改善情况、用药后镇静程度及不良反应发生情况。结果三组治疗寒战的有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。给药后,曲马多组有9例发生恶心,4例发生呕吐;布托啡诺组有5例发生恶心,无呕吐发生。右美托咪定组有1例发生恶心,无呕吐发生。三组均无呼吸抑制。与曲马多组相比,布托啡诺组、右美托咪定组不良反应发生率均较低(P<0.05)。结论三种药物均可以有效治疗寒战,右美托咪定镇静效果更佳,且不良反应更少。     

按昼夜节律输注右美托咪定对手术患者术后睡眠质量的影响

目的 探讨按昼夜节律输注右美托咪定对手术患者术后睡眠质量的影响。方法 将80例择期行上肢骨折手术的患者随机均分为D组和N组;其中,D组于上午9:00麻醉诱导时输注右美托咪定,N组于术后当天21:00输注相同剂量的右美托咪定。记录两组患者手术时间、麻醉时间、术中麻醉药物用量及术后24 h不良反应发生情况,采用VAS疼痛评分评估患者术后6、48、72 h时疼痛情况,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评估术前1 d及术后1、2 d时患者睡眠质量。结果 两组患者手术时间、麻醉时间、术中丙泊酚和雷米芬太尼用量以及术后不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术后6 h相比,两组术后48、72 h时VAS疼痛评分降低(P<0.05),N组更低(P<0.05)。两组术后1、2 d时PSQI评分和AIS评分高于术前1 d(P<0.05);与D组相比,N组术后1、2 d时PSQI评分和AIS评分较低(P<0.05)。结论 按昼夜节律输注右美托咪定可有效改善术后镇痛效果,并提高患者睡眠质量。     

吸烟美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者的烟草使用行为与抑郁、焦虑症状和睡眠质量的关系

目的:探索吸烟美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)门诊患者的烟草使用行为与抑郁、焦虑症状和睡眠质量的关系。方獉法獉:552位吸烟MMT门诊患者自评完成一般情况问卷、尼古丁依赖严重程度量表(FTND)中文版、Russell吸烟原因问卷(RRSQ)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)。采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析烟草使用行为特征变量与SDS、SAS和PSQI的关系。结果:Pearson相关分析显示,SDS、SAS和PSQI评分与FTND评分、RRSQ各分量表呈显著低到中等程度的正相关(r=0.104-0.459,P≤0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,SDS、SAS和PSQI评分与FTND评分和RRSQ的镇静、自动和依赖因子分呈显著低度正相关(β=0.084-0.159,P≤0.05)。结论:吸烟MMT门诊患者的烟草使用行为特征与其抑郁、焦虑症状和低睡眠质量的存在关联,该发现值得进一步研究。     

术前及术中泵注右美托咪定对后腹腔镜术后疼痛的影响

目的观察术前及术中持续泵注右美托咪定对后腹腔镜术后疼痛及不良反应发生情况的影响。方法 40例ASAⅠ^Ⅱ级的患者行择期泌尿外科后腹腔镜手术,随机分为两组:对照组(Ⅰ组,n=20)及右美托咪定组(Ⅱ组,n=20)。Ⅱ组诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,10min泵完,术中持续泵注右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h)。观察两组术后2、4、16、24、48h的VAS评分及恶心、呕吐、寒战等不良反应的发生率。结果Ⅱ组术后2、4 h的VAS评分低于对照组Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组术后恶心、呕吐、寒战的发生率低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论术前及术中持续泵注右美托咪定可以有效缓解后腹腔镜术后疼痛,并减少术后恶心、呕吐、寒战等不良反应的发生率。     

右美托咪定对病态肥胖的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的血气分析

目的 评价右美托咪定对病态肥胖的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血气分析的影响.方法 40例ASAⅢ级欲行悬雍垂腭咽成形术的病态肥胖的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者,随机分成右美托咪定组和安慰剂组,右美托咪定组给予负荷剂量1 μg· kg-1(20 min)的右美托咪定,安慰剂组则给予容量和外形相似的生理盐水.观察用药后患者的血流动力学及用药前后血气分析的变化.结果 右美托咪定组20 min后的心率(HR)、平均血压(BP)、血氧分压(PaO2)与安慰剂组相比显著降低；二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及pH值与安慰剂组相比差异无统计学意义.结论 短时间内大剂量的右美托咪定应用于病态肥胖的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者也可以产生呼吸抑制.     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.